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  • Articles  (538)
  • Mutation  (538)
  • 2005-2009  (538)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1612. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1612.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors/genetics ; Pigmentation/genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Smegmamorpha/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: The evolution of cis regulatory elements (enhancers) of developmentally regulated genes plays a large role in the evolution of animal morphology. However, the mutational path of enhancer evolution--the number, origin, effect, and order of mutations that alter enhancer function--has not been elucidated. Here, we localized a suite of substitutions in a modular enhancer of the ebony locus responsible for adaptive melanism in a Ugandan Drosophila population. We show that at least five mutations with varied effects arose recently from a combination of standing variation and new mutations and combined to create an allele of large phenotypic effect. We underscore how enhancers are distinct macromolecular entities, subject to fundamentally different, and generally more relaxed, functional constraints relative to protein sequences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363996/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363996/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rebeiz, Mark -- Pool, John E -- Kassner, Victoria A -- Aquadro, Charles F -- Carroll, Sean B -- F32GM78972/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32HG004182/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- GM036431/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM036431/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM036431-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1663-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1178357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdomen ; Adaptation, Biological ; Alleles ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Haplotypes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Uganda
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1620-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1620.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Altitude ; Animals ; Bees/*genetics/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Speciation ; Genome ; *Genomics ; Hemoglobins/genetics/metabolism ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Lizards/*genetics/physiology ; Mutation ; Peromyscus/*genetics/physiology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics/metabolism ; Skin Pigmentation/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: The molecular mechanisms underlying major phenotypic changes that have evolved repeatedly in nature are generally unknown. Pelvic loss in different natural populations of threespine stickleback fish has occurred through regulatory mutations deleting a tissue-specific enhancer of the Pituitary homeobox transcription factor 1 (Pitx1) gene. The high prevalence of deletion mutations at Pitx1 may be influenced by inherent structural features of the locus. Although Pitx1 null mutations are lethal in laboratory animals, Pitx1 regulatory mutations show molecular signatures of positive selection in pelvic-reduced populations. These studies illustrate how major expression and morphological changes can arise from single mutational leaps in natural populations, producing new adaptive alleles via recurrent regulatory alterations in a key developmental control gene.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109066/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109066/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, Yingguang Frank -- Marks, Melissa E -- Jones, Felicity C -- Villarreal, Guadalupe Jr -- Shapiro, Michael D -- Brady, Shannon D -- Southwick, Audrey M -- Absher, Devin M -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Myers, Richard M -- Petrov, Dmitri -- Jonsson, Bjarni -- Schluter, Dolph -- Bell, Michael A -- Kingsley, David M -- P50 HG002568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002568-09/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG02568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):302-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1182213. Epub 2009 Dec 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Intergenic ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fish Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Pelvis/anatomy & histology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Deletion ; Smegmamorpha/*anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Simocyclinones are bifunctional antibiotics that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase by preventing DNA binding to the enzyme. We report the crystal structure of the complex formed between the N-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli gyrase A subunit and simocyclinone D8, revealing two binding pockets that separately accommodate the aminocoumarin and polyketide moieties of the antibiotic. These are close to, but distinct from, the quinolone-binding site, consistent with our observations that several mutations in this region confer resistance to both agents. Biochemical studies show that the individual moieties of simocyclinone D8 are comparatively weak inhibitors of gyrase relative to the parent compound, but their combination generates a more potent inhibitor. Our results should facilitate the design of drug molecules that target these unexploited binding pockets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, Marcus J -- Flatman, Ruth H -- Mitchenall, Lesley A -- Stevenson, Clare E M -- Le, Tung B K -- Clarke, Thomas A -- McKay, Adam R -- Fiedler, Hans-Peter -- Buttner, Mark J -- Lawson, David M -- Maxwell, Anthony -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1415-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1179123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Coumarins/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Gyrase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics ; Glycosides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1334-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5958.1334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate Change ; Cultural Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Evolution, Planetary ; Extinction, Biological ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genome, Human ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The molecular mechanisms that achieve homeostatic stabilization of neural function remain largely unknown. To better understand how neural function is stabilized during development and throughout life, we used an electrophysiology-based forward genetic screen and assessed the function of more than 250 neuronally expressed genes for a role in the homeostatic modulation of synaptic transmission in Drosophila. This screen ruled out the involvement of numerous synaptic proteins and identified a critical function for dysbindin, a gene linked to schizophrenia in humans. We found that dysbindin is required presynaptically for the retrograde, homeostatic modulation of neurotransmission, and functions in a dose-dependent manner downstream or independently of calcium influx. Thus, dysbindin is essential for adaptive neural plasticity and may link altered homeostatic signaling with a complex neurological disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063306/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063306/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickman, Dion K -- Davis, Graeme W -- NS39313/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS039313/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS039313-12/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1127-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1179685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*physiology ; Dystrophin-Associated Proteins ; Genes, Insect ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neuromuscular Junction/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism ; Transgenes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, Akira -- Sommer, Ralf J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):944-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183272.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany. akira.ogawa@tuebingen.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cues ; Genes, Helminth ; Longevity ; Mutation ; Pheromones/physiology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: Rapid antigenic evolution in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin precludes effective vaccination with existing vaccines. To understand this phenomenon, we passaged virus in mice immunized with influenza vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies selected mutants with single-amino acid hemagglutinin substitutions that increased virus binding to cell surface glycan receptors. Passaging these high-avidity binding mutants in naive mice, but not immune mice, selected for additional hemagglutinin substitutions that decreased cellular receptor binding avidity. Analyzing a panel of monoclonal antibody hemagglutinin escape mutants revealed a positive correlation between receptor binding avidity and escape from polyclonal antibodies. We propose that in response to variation in neutralizing antibody pressure between individuals, influenza A virus evolves by adjusting receptor binding avidity via amino acid substitutions throughout the hemagglutinin globular domain, many of which simultaneously alter antigenicity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784927/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784927/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hensley, Scott E -- Das, Suman R -- Bailey, Adam L -- Schmidt, Loren M -- Hickman, Heather D -- Jayaraman, Akila -- Viswanathan, Karthik -- Raman, Rahul -- Sasisekharan, Ram -- Bennink, Jack R -- Yewdell, Jonathan W -- GM 57073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI001014-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):734-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1178258.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigenic Variation/genetics/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Immunological ; Mutation ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Serial Passage
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: The LKB1 tumor suppressor is a protein kinase that controls the activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). LKB1 activity is regulated by the pseudokinase STRADalpha and the scaffolding protein MO25alpha through an unknown, phosphorylation-independent, mechanism. We describe the structure of the core heterotrimeric LKB1-STRADalpha-MO25alpha complex, revealing an unusual allosteric mechanism of LKB1 activation. STRADalpha adopts a closed conformation typical of active protein kinases and binds LKB1 as a pseudosubstrate. STRADalpha and MO25alpha promote the active conformation of LKB1, which is stabilized by MO25alpha interacting with the LKB1 activation loop. This previously undescribed mechanism of kinase activation may be relevant to understanding the evolution of other pseudokinases. The structure also reveals how mutations found in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in various sporadic cancers impair LKB1 function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeqiraj, Elton -- Filippi, Beatrice Maria -- Deak, Maria -- Alessi, Dario R -- van Aalten, Daan M F -- 087590/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- C33794/A10969/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0900138/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127070193/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1707-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1178377. Epub 2009 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/*chemistry/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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