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  • Articles  (1,586)
  • Male  (1,040)
  • Signal Transduction  (348)
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  • Articles  (1,586)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Compared with more explicit racial slurs and statements, biased facial expressions and body language may resist conscious identification and thus produce a hidden social influence. In four studies, we show that race biases can be subtly transmitted via televised nonverbal behavior. Characters on 11 popular television shows exhibited more negative nonverbal behavior toward black than toward status-matched white characters. Critically, exposure to prowhite (versus problack) nonverbal bias increased viewers' bias even though patterns of nonverbal behavior could not be consciously reported. These findings suggest that hidden patterns of televised nonverbal behavior influence bias among viewers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisbuch, Max -- Pauker, Kristin -- Ambady, Nalini -- F32 MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA. max.weisbuch@tufts.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesics ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Television ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Inward-rectifier potassium (K+) channels conduct K+ ions most efficiently in one direction, into the cell. Kir2 channels control the resting membrane voltage in many electrically excitable cells, and heritable mutations cause periodic paralysis and cardiac arrhythmia. We present the crystal structure of Kir2.2 from chicken, which, excluding the unstructured amino and carboxyl termini, is 90% identical to human Kir2.2. Crystals containing rubidium (Rb+), strontium (Sr2+), and europium (Eu3+) reveal binding sites along the ion conduction pathway that are both conductive and inhibitory. The sites correlate with extensive electrophysiological data and provide a structural basis for understanding rectification. The channel's extracellular surface, with large structured turrets and an unusual selectivity filter entryway, might explain the relative insensitivity of eukaryotic inward rectifiers to toxins. These same surface features also suggest a possible approach to the development of inhibitory agents specific to each member of the inward-rectifier K+ channel family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819303/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819303/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tao, Xiao -- Avalos, Jose L -- Chen, Jiayun -- MacKinnon, Roderick -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-18/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1668-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1180310.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Europium/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Rubidium/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Strontium/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mank, Judith E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1639-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1184680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. judith.mank@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/genetics ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: A huge research literature, across the behavioral and social sciences, uses information on individuals' subjective well-being. These are responses to questions--asked by survey interviewers or medical personnel--such as, "How happy do you feel on a scale from 1 to 4?" Yet there is little scientific evidence that such data are meaningful. This study examines a 2005-2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System random sample of 1.3 million U.S. citizens. Life satisfaction in each U.S. state is measured. Across America, people's answers trace out the same pattern of quality of life as previously estimated, from solely nonsubjective data, in one branch of economics (so-called "compensating differentials" neoclassical theory, originally from Adam Smith). There is a state-by-state match (r = 0.6, P 〈 0.001) between subjective and objective well-being. This result has some potential to help to unify disciplines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oswald, Andrew J -- Wu, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):576-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180606. Epub 2009 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. andrew.oswald@warwick.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Economics ; Female ; *Happiness ; *Health Surveys ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Models, Economic ; *Personal Satisfaction ; *Quality of Life ; Regression Analysis ; *Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1468-9. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5959.1468-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Proliferation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; HMGA2 Protein/genetics ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; United States ; Young Adult ; beta-Globins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics/*therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1476-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5959.1476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology ; Female ; Genes ; HIV/immunology/physiology ; HIV Infections/*immunology ; Hemophilia A ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Prostitution ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Robert H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1494-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183842.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurology, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. robert.brown@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle Cells/enzymology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation/metabolism ; Myostatin/genetics ; Neuromuscular Junction/*pathology/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Signal Transduction
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons, denervation of target muscles, muscle atrophy, and paralysis. Understanding ALS pathogenesis may require a fuller understanding of the bidirectional signaling between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers at neuromuscular synapses. Here, we show that a key regulator of this signaling is miR-206, a skeletal muscle-specific microRNA that is dramatically induced in a mouse model of ALS. Mice that are genetically deficient in miR-206 form normal neuromuscular synapses during development, but deficiency of miR-206 in the ALS mouse model accelerates disease progression. miR-206 is required for efficient regeneration of neuromuscular synapses after acute nerve injury, which probably accounts for its salutary effects in ALS. miR-206 mediates these effects at least in part through histone deacetylase 4 and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways. Thus, miR-206 slows ALS progression by sensing motor neuron injury and promoting the compensatory regeneration of neuromuscular synapses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796560/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796560/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Andrew H -- Valdez, Gregorio -- Moresi, Viviana -- Qi, Xiaoxia -- McAnally, John -- Elliott, Jeffrey L -- Bassel-Duby, Rhonda -- Sanes, Joshua R -- Olson, Eric N -- 1F32NS061464-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32HL007360/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126608/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1549-54. doi: 10.1126/science.1181046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Motor Neurons/pathology/*physiology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation/*metabolism/pathology ; MyoD Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Myogenin/genetics/metabolism ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neuromuscular Junction/growth & development/*pathology/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency--the most common known enzymopathy--is associated with neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia usually after exposure to certain infections, foods, or medications. Although G6PD-deficient alleles appear to confer a protective effect against malaria, the link with clinical protection from Plasmodium infection remains unclear. We investigated the effect of a common G6PD deficiency variant in Southeast Asia--the G6PD-Mahidol(487A) variant--on human survival related to vivax and falciparum malaria. Our results show that strong and recent positive selection has targeted the Mahidol variant over the past 1500 years. We found that the G6PD-Mahidol(487A) variant reduces vivax, but not falciparum, parasite density in humans, which indicates that Plasmodium vivax has been a driving force behind the strong selective advantage conferred by this mutation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Louicharoen, Chalisa -- Patin, Etienne -- Paul, Richard -- Nuchprayoon, Issarang -- Witoonpanich, Bhee -- Peerapittayamongkol, Chayanon -- Casademont, Isabelle -- Sura, Thanyachai -- Laird, Nan M -- Singhasivanon, Pratap -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Sakuntabhai, Anavaj -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1546-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1178849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire de la Genetique de la reponse aux infections chez l'homme, 75724 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Erythrocytes/metabolism/parasitology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/blood/complications/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Malaria, Falciparum/complications/genetics/parasitology ; Malaria, Vivax/complications/genetics/*parasitology ; Male ; *Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/physiology ; Plasmodium vivax/*physiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Selection, Genetic ; Thailand
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Fanconi anemia is a human cancer predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in 13 Fanc genes. The disorder is characterized by genomic instability and cellular hypersensitivity to chemicals that generate DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). A central event in the activation of the Fanconi anemia pathway is the mono-ubiquitylation of the FANCI-FANCD2 complex, but how this complex confers ICL resistance remains enigmatic. Using a cell-free system, we showed that FANCI-FANCD2 is required for replication-coupled ICL repair in S phase. Removal of FANCD2 from extracts inhibits both nucleolytic incisions near the ICL and translesion DNA synthesis past the lesion. Reversal of these defects requires ubiquitylated FANCI-FANCD2. Our results show that multiple steps of the essential S-phase ICL repair mechanism fail when the Fanconi anemia pathway is compromised.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909596/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909596/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knipscheer, Puck -- Raschle, Markus -- Smogorzewska, Agata -- Enoiu, Milica -- Ho, The Vinh -- Scharer, Orlando D -- Elledge, Stephen J -- Walter, Johannes C -- GM62267/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062267/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062267-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM044664/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM044664-23/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32CA09216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1698-701. doi: 10.1126/science.1182372. Epub 2009 Nov 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell-Free System ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA/biosynthesis ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; *DNA Replication ; Fanconi Anemia/genetics/metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/*metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; S Phase ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Xenopus Proteins/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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