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  • Articles  (32)
  • 2010-2014  (32)
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  • Articles  (32)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-02-29
    Description: Community development and social actor theories: a case study in Montréal (Canada) Social Geography Discussions, 8, 61-81, 2012 Author(s): G. Sénécal Research focusing on community development processes is increasingly making use of the notion of actor. The actor is engaged in a system of actions. A range of sociological theories has given rise to the various types of social actors, including the theatrical actor, the strategic actor, the actor-network or the reflexive actor. We review these theories in an attempt to define an analytical framework, by employing what we call a tinkering methodology. The aim is to gain insight on the interactions that bind together the various stakeholders by function (acting and the actors' roles) on the fields of action (the scenes of interaction and real interventions) and on effects (the results of these actions). We then propose to apply our analytical framework to a case study on the process of developing an action plan in the Villeray district of Montréal (Québec, Canada).
    Print ISSN: 1816-1499
    Electronic ISSN: 1816-1502
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
    Print ISSN: 1816-1499
    Electronic ISSN: 1816-1502
    Topics: Geography
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: The Lumen Gini Coefficient: a satellite imagery derived human development index Social Geography Discussions, 8, 27-59, 2012 Author(s): C. D. Elvidge, K. E. Baugh, S. J. Anderson, P. C. Sutton, and T. Ghosh The "Lumen Gini Coefficient" is a simple, objective, spatially explicit and globally available empirical measurement of human development derived solely from nighttime satellite imagery and population density. There is increasing recognition that the distribution of wealth and income amongst the population in a nation or region correlates strongly with both the overall happiness of that population and the environmental quality of that nation or region. Measuring the distribution of wealth and income at national and regional scales is an interesting and challenging problem. Gini coefficients derived from Lorenz curves are a well-established method of measuring income distribution. Nonetheless, there are many shortcomings of the Gini coefficient as a measure of income or wealth distribution. Gini coefficients are typically calculated using national level data on the distribution of income through the population. Such data are not available for many countries and the results are generally limited to single values representing entire countries. In this paper we develop an alternative measure of the distribution of "human development", called the "Lumen Gini coefficient", that is derived without the use of monetary measures of wealth and is capable of providing a spatial depiction of differences in development within countries.
    Print ISSN: 1816-1499
    Electronic ISSN: 1816-1502
    Topics: Geography
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-02-16
    Print ISSN: 1816-1499
    Electronic ISSN: 1816-1502
    Topics: Geography
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: Just passing through: the risky mobilities of hazardous materials transport Social Geography Discussions, 8, 1-25, 2012 Author(s): J. Cidell The scientific construction of risk is usually based on the probability of an event occurring in a specific location from a specific hazard. Hazardous waste transport is an example of a risk source that is fixed in neither time nor space, with materials traveling through the landscape. Residents living along fixed transportation routes likely to experience an increase in the amount and potency of hazardous materials traveling through their communities draw on distant places and spaces in order to define the risk they face as they try to make absent places and materials present. However, because those places and spaces are distant and absent, regulatory officials can resist their inclusion by arguing that only what is on site matters. This site of struggle over sources and construction of risks can best be understood through Law and Mol's spatiality of fire space. Using two North American case studies, this paper draws on the concepts of fire space and mobilities to explain the nature of the risk that mobile materials pose, including the disconnect between citizens' objections to increased hazardous materials transport and the environmental review and regulatory processes meant to prevent catastrophes from occurring.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1816-1502
    Topics: Geography
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-01-09
    Print ISSN: 1816-1499
    Electronic ISSN: 1816-1502
    Topics: Geography
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: Investigating rural community behaviour after the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake: a case study of Kawaguchi town, Japan Social Geography Discussions, 7, 39-68, 2011 Author(s): M. Gismondi Every year, earthquakes cause economic and human losses around the globe. In Japan, a great deal of attention has focused on improving the safety of structures and individuals in the last decade. The introduction here of several new related policies, together with continuous discussion of such policies, has raised the level of environmental security nationwide. Despite this significant effort, individual preparedness and awareness are still lacking, especially in rural areas, where technological advancements and policy applications often arrive late. In this paper, Kawaguchi town in Niigata Prefecture, Japan was chosen as study area because of both the major damage experienced during the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and the particularly dynamic socio-cultural activities of the community. Using interviews and questionnaires to collect information, this study aims to investigate the causes of local variations in community behaviour after the earthquake. Geographic location as well as everyday social relationships, social interactions and organisation are considered the main causes of the differences in community organisation during the recovery process. This study highlights the necessity for more localised emergency education in order to promote longer lasting awareness and preparation in rural areas.
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Print ISSN: 1816-1499
    Electronic ISSN: 1816-1502
    Topics: Geography
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-04-22
    Description: Die Macht der Übersetzung – Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zur Übersetzung als politische Praktik am Beispiel kulturgeographischer Forschung im arabischen Sprachraum Social Geography Discussions, 5, 145-172, 2009 Author(s): S. Husseini Übersetzen ist eine notwendige Praktik im Rahmen internationaler Wissenschaft und ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel für die Forschung in „anderen“ sprachlichen Kontexten. Hierbei handelt es sich jedoch nicht um ein unproblematisches Unterfangen, das keiner Reflexion bedarf. Das Anliegen, sich mit dem Thema auch in der Geographie zu beschäftigen, resultiert hier aus konkreten Übersetzungsschwierigkeiten eines kulturgeographischen Forschungsprojektes, das sich mit Texten in arabischer Sprache befasst. In diesem Beitrag werden kurz die dort zutage tretenden Herausforderungen an die Übersetzung skizziert und darauf aufbauend konzeptionelle Überlegungen angestellt, mit denen sich diese Probleme greifen lassen. Dabei werden verschiedene Ansätze der Translation Studies zusammengeführt und für geographische Fragestellungen fruchtbar gemacht. Ziel ist es, konzeptionelle Herangehensweisen zur Untersuchung und Reflexion von Übersetzungspraktiken aus geographischer Perspektive aufzuzeigen. Die Idee des Übersetzens als bloße Übertragung von Bedeutung von einer Sprache in die andere im Sinne eines Über -Setzens ohne Bedeutungsverlust oder -verschiebung wird hier abgelehnt. Es wird verdeutlicht, dass es sich vielmehr um ein Dazwischen -Setzen handelt, mit dem zwangsweise eine Bedeutungsverschiebung einhergeht und das stets in spezifische Machtverhältnisse verstrickt ist. Dass die Effekte solcher Machtverhältnisse auf allen Ebenen des Übersetzungsprozesses wirken und letztendlich zur Formung kultureller Identitäten und kulturräumlicher Ordnungsvorstellungen beitragen, wird anhand von Beispielen veranschaulicht. Im Anschluss daran werden die Konsequenzen für die Umsetzung ausgelotet. Damit versteht sich der Beitrag nicht nur als Plädoyer für mehr Reflexion von Übersetzungspraktiken in geographischer Forschung, sondern auch dafür, in der Geographie Übersetzung selbst zum Forschungsgegenstand zu machen.
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-04-22
    Description: Die kulturelle Übersetzung als symbolische Gewalt: Über die Beobachtung des Kultur/Gesellschaftsverhältnisses in der Kulturgeographie Social Geography Discussions, 5, 173-197, 2009 Author(s): P. Dirksmeier Der Aufsatz erarbeitet einen Vorschlag, das Verhältnis von Gesellschaft und Kultur in der Kulturgeographie analytisch zu fassen. Er reagiert damit auf den häufig formulierten Kritikpunkt, die Begriffe, Konzepte und Abgrenzungen gegeneinander von Kultur und Gesellschaft seien in der deutschsprachigen Neuen Kulturgeographie ungenau, undifferenziert oder es fehle ihnen die theoretische Eingebundenheit. Zu diesem Zweck versucht der Aufsatz nicht Kultur auf Soziales zu reduzieren, sondern er theoretisiert den Übergang zwischen diesen beiden Kategorien. Der Beitrag entwickelt daher ein Beobachtungsschema zweiter Ordnung, das erlaubt zu beobachten, wie, wann und warum Akteure kulturelle oder soziale Unterscheidungen verwenden. Er bedient sich hierfür des vor allem in der postkolonialen Kulturgeographie Verwendung findenden Begriffes der „kulturellen Übersetzung“ des parsischen Literaturwissenschaftlers Homi Bhabha und schreibt diesen mithilfe der Arbeiten von Judith Butler sowie der Theorie der symbolischen Gewalt von Pierre Bourdieu und Jean-Claude Passeron fort. Mit dieser Neufassung der kulturellen Übersetzung zwischen zwei Kulturen als symbolische Gewalt wird eine theoretische Brücke geschlagen, die die fließenden Übergänge der Verwendung von kulturellen und sozialen Unterscheidungen von Beobachtern ihrerseits beobachtbar macht. Damit leistet der Aufsatz einen Beitrag, eines der am häufigsten formulierten Kritikpunkte an der Neuen Kulturgeographie zu mildern.
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    Topics: Geography
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