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Articles (233)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (55)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 1. Published 2018 Feb 12. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0007-3. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 10. Published 2018 May 25. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0020-1. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 11. Published 2018 Jun 03. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0023-y. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 12. Published 2018 Jun 21. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0022-z. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 13. Published 2018 Jun 11. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0021-0. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 14. Published 2018 Aug 06. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0025-9. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 15. Published 2018 May 24. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0024-x. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 16. Published 2018 Jun 04. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0026-8. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 17. Published 2018 Jul 11. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0031-y. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 18. Published 2018 Aug 01. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0028-6. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 19. Published 2018 Oct 03. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0030-z. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 2. Published 2018 Mar 02. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0012-1. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20. Published 2018 Oct 15. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0027-7. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20171. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0003-7. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20172. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0004-6. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20173. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0005-5. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20174. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0006-4. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20175. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0010-8. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20176. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0011-7. (1)
337089

Journal

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (55)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 1. Published 2018 Feb 12. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0007-3. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 10. Published 2018 May 25. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0020-1. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 11. Published 2018 Jun 03. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0023-y. (1)
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 12. Published 2018 Jun 21. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0022-z. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 13. Published 2018 Jun 11. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0021-0. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 14. Published 2018 Aug 06. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0025-9. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 15. Published 2018 May 24. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0024-x. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 16. Published 2018 Jun 04. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0026-8. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 17. Published 2018 Jul 11. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0031-y. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 18. Published 2018 Aug 01. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0028-6. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 19. Published 2018 Oct 03. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0030-z. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 2. Published 2018 Mar 02. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0012-1. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20. Published 2018 Oct 15. doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0027-7. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20171. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0003-7. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20172. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0004-6. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20173. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0005-5. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20174. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0006-4. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20175. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0010-8. (1)

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018; 1(1): 20176. Published 2018 Jan 09. doi: 10.1038/s41612-017-0011-7. (1)

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Contrasting response of hydrological cycle over land and ocean to a changing CO2 pathway (2021)

Yeh, Sang-Wook ; Song, Se-Yong ; Allan, Richard P. ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 53. Published 2021 Oct 27. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00206-6.

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Publication Date: 2021-10-27

Description: The hydrological cycle has a significant impact on human activities and ecosystems, so understanding its mechanisms with respect to a changing climate is essential. In particular, a more detailed understanding of hydrological cycle response to transient climate change is required for successful adaptation and mitigation policies. In this study, we exploit large ensemble model experiments using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 (CESM1) in which CO2 concentrations increase steadily and then decrease along the same path. Our results show that precipitation changes in the CO2 increasing and decreasing phases are nearly symmetrical over land but asymmetric over oceans. After CO2 concentrations peak, the ocean continues to uptake heat from the atmosphere, which is a key process leading the hydrological cycle’s contrasting response over land and ocean. The symmetrical hydrological cycle response over land involves a complex interplay between rapid responses to CO2 and slower responses to ensuing warming. Therefore, the surface energy constraints lead to the contrasting hydrological response over land and ocean to CO2 forcing that needs to be verified and considered in climate change mitigation and adaption actions.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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An oceanic pathway for Madden–Julian Oscillation influence on Maritime Continent Tropical Cyclones (2021)

Balaguru, Karthik ; Leung, L. Ruby ; Hagos, Samson M. ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 52. Published 2021 Oct 27. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00208-4.

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Publication Date: 2021-10-27

Description: While the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been shown to affect tropical cyclones (TCs) worldwide through its modulation of large-scale circulation in the atmosphere, little or no role for the ocean has been identified to date in this influence of MJO on TCs. Using observations and numerical model simulations, we demonstrate that MJO events substantially impact TCs over the Maritime Continent (MC) region through an oceanic pathway. While propagating across the MC region, MJO events cause significant sea surface cooling with an area-averaged value of about 0.35 ± 0.12 °C. Hence, TCs over the MC region immediately following the passage of MJO events encounter considerably cooler sea surface temperatures. Consequently, the enthalpy fluxes under the storms are reduced and the intensification rates decrease by more than 50% on average. These results highlight an important role played by the ocean in facilitating MJO-induced sub-seasonal variability in TC activity over the MC region.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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West African monsoon precipitation impacted by the South Eastern Atlantic biomass burning aerosol outflow (2021)

Solmon, F. ; Elguindi, N. ; Mallet, M. ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 54. Published 2021 Oct 27. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00210-w.

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Publication Date: 2021-10-27

Description: The West African Monsoon (WAM) is a complex system depending on global climate influences and multiple regional environmental factors. Central and Southern African biomass-burning (SABB) aerosols have been shown to perturb WAM during episodic northward inter-hemispheric transport events, but a possible dynamical connection between the core of the SABB aerosol outflow and the WAM system remains unexplored. Through regional climate modeling experiments, we show that SABB aerosols can indeed impact WAM dynamics via two competitive regional scale and inter-hemispheric dynamical feedbacks originating from (i) enhanced diabatic heating occurring in the Southeastern Atlantic low-cloud deck region, and (ii) aerosol and cloud-induced sea surface temperature cooling. These mechanisms, related to aerosol direct, semi-direct, and indirect effects, are shown to have different seasonal timings, resulting in a reduction of June to September WAM precipitation, while possibly enhancing late-season rainfall in WAM coastal areas.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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Seasonal predictability of baroclinic wave activity (2021)

Zhang, Gan ; Murakami, Hiroyuki ; Cooke, William F. ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 50. Published 2021 Oct 26. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00209-3.

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Publication Date: 2021-10-26

Description: Midlatitude baroclinic waves drive extratropical weather and climate variations, but their predictability beyond 2 weeks has been deemed low. Here we analyze a large ensemble of climate simulations forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and demonstrate that seasonal variations of baroclinic wave activity (BWA) are potentially predictable. This potential seasonal predictability is denoted by robust BWA responses to SST forcings. To probe regional sources of the potential predictability, a regression analysis is applied to the SST-forced large ensemble simulations. By filtering out variability internal to the atmosphere and land, this analysis identifies both well-known and unfamiliar BWA responses to SST forcings across latitudes. Finally, we confirm the model-indicated predictability by showing that an operational seasonal prediction system can leverage some of the identified SST-BWA relationships to achieve skillful predictions of BWA. Our findings help to extend long-range predictions of the statistics of extratropical weather events and their impacts.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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Using particle swarm optimization to improve visibility-aerosol optical depth retrieval method (2021)

Wu, Jian ; Zhang, Shuang ; Yang, Qidong ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 49. Published 2021 Oct 22. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00207-5.

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Publication Date: 2021-10-22

Description: In view of the lack of long-term AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) data, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm is introduced and joint used with NLSM (the nonlinear least square method) to improve visibility-AOD retrieval method, which is referred to as the PSO-M-Elterman model and significantly increases data available rate by 8% and correlation by about 20% with the true value in the experimental group. The mean absolute error, the proportion of the smaller absolute error and the root mean square error in the PSO-M-Elterman model experimental group are 0.0314 and 91.23%, 0.0509 respectively, which significantly outperforms other groups. The main increase of AOD was found in the eastern region (South China, East China, Central China) and Taklimakan with the trend coefficients of 2.67, 2.46, 2.13, and 1.45 (×10−3 yr−1) in recent 55 years, which may not be interpreted by the influence of relative humidity. Long-term change of AOD in east China is mainly caused by human activity, and the AOD is higher in cities with a larger population and more human activity. The PSO-M-Elterman model can maximize the advantage of visibility sequence length to obtain long-term AOD inversion results.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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Trends in spectrally resolved outgoing longwave radiation from 10 years of satellite measurements (2021)

Whitburn, Simon ; Clarisse, Lieven ; Bouillon, Marie ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 48. Published 2021 Oct 22. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00205-7.

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Publication Date: 2021-10-22

Description: In recent years, the interest has grown in satellite-derived hyperspectral radiance measurements for assessing the individual impact of climate drivers and their cascade of feedbacks on the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). In this paper, we use 10 years (2008–2017) of reprocessed radiances from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) to evaluate the linear trends in clear-sky spectrally resolved OLR (SOLR) in the range [645–2300] cm−1. Spatial inhomogeneities are observed in most of the analyzed spectral regions. These mostly reflected the natural variability of the atmospheric temperature and composition but long-term changes in greenhouse gases concentrations are also highlighted. In particular, the increase of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 led to significant negative trends in the SOLR of −0.05 to −0.3% per year in the spectral region corresponding to the ν2 and the ν3 CO2 and in the ν4 CH4 band. Most of the trends associated with the natural variability of the OLR can be related to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation activity and its teleconnections in the studied period. This is the case for the channels most affected by the temperature variations of the surface and the first layers of the atmosphere but also for the channels corresponding to the ν2 H2O and the ν3 O3 bands.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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Quantifying the role of ocean coupling in Arctic amplification and sea-ice loss over the 21st century (2021)

Chemke, Rei ; Polvani, Lorenzo M. ; Kay, Jennifer E. ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 46. Published 2021 Oct 08. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00204-8.

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Publication Date: 2021-10-08

Description: The enhanced warming of the Arctic, relative to other parts of the Earth, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification, is one of the most striking features of climate change, and has important climatic impacts for the entire Northern Hemisphere. Several mechanisms are believed to be responsible for Arctic amplification; however, a quantitative understanding of their relative importance is still missing. Here, using ensembles of model integrations, we quantify the contribution of ocean coupling, both its thermodynamic and dynamic components, to Arctic amplification over the 20th and 21st centuries. We show that ocean coupling accounts for ~80% of the amplification by 2100. In particular, we show that thermodynamic coupling is responsible for future amplification and sea-ice loss as it overcomes the effect of dynamic coupling which reduces the amplification and sea-ice loss by ~35%. Our results demonstrate the utility of targeted numerical experiments to quantify the role of specific mechanisms in Arctic amplification, for better constraining climate projections.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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Terrestrial sources of summer arctic moisture and the implication for arctic temperature patterns (2021)

Harrington, Tyler S. ; Zhu, Jiang ; Skinner, Christopher B.

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 25. Published 2021 Apr 21. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00181-y.

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Publication Date: 2021-04-21

Description: Sea ice melt and ocean heat accumulation in the Arctic are strongly influenced by the presence of atmospheric water vapor during summer. While the relationships between water vapor concentration, radiation, and surface energy fluxes in the Arctic are well understood, the sources of summer Arctic water vapor are not, inhibiting understanding and prediction of Arctic climate. Here we use the Community Earth System Model version 1.3 with online numerical water tracers to determine the geographic sources of summer Arctic water vapor. We find that on average the land surface contributes 56% of total summer Arctic vapor with 47% of that vapor coming from central and eastern Eurasia. Given the proximity to Siberia, near-surface temperatures in the Arctic between 90°E-150°E, including the Laptev Sea, are strongly influenced by concentrations of land surface-based vapor. Years with anomalously large concentrations of land surface-based vapor in the Arctic, and especially in the Laptev Sea region, often exhibit anomalous near-surface poleward flow from the high latitudes of Siberia, with links to internal variability such as the Arctic Dipole anomaly.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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The fast response of Sahel precipitation to climate change allows effective mitigation action (2021)

Monerie, Paul-Arthur ; Pohl, Benjamin ; Gaetani, Marco

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 24. Published 2021 Apr 06. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00179-6.

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Publication Date: 2021-04-06

Description: Climate change will drive major perturbations of the West African summer monsoon. A zonal contrast in precipitation will develop at the end of the century, with an increase in precipitation over the central Sahel and a decrease in precipitation over the western Sahel. Such a zonal contrast results from the antagonist effects of the fast (due to enhanced radiative warming over land, and over the North Hemisphere, relative to the South Hemisphere) and slow (associated with long-term changes in oceanic circulation) responses of precipitation to increasing greenhouse gases. While such changes have already been assessed, less attention has been given to their temporality, an issue of major importance to promote efficient mitigation and adaptation measures. Here, we analyse the future evolution of precipitation changes decomposed into a fast and a slow response, showing that the fast response dominates the slow one. From this evidence, we highlight that mitigation strategies may be successful at reducing the effect of climate change on Sahel precipitation within a few decades, by muting the fast response. This decomposition also allows for a better understanding of the uncertainty of climate model predictions in Africa.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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Projecting changes in extreme rainfall from three tropical cyclones using the design-rainfall approach (2021)

Jalowska, Anna M. ; Spero, Tanya L. ; Bowden, Jared H.

Springer Nature

In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2021; 4(1): 23. Published 2021 Mar 25. doi: 10.1038/s41612-021-00176-9.

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Publication Date: 2021-03-25

Description: In the past quarter-century, Eastern North Carolina (ENC) experienced several devastating tropical cyclones that led to widespread flooding and damage. Historical climate records reflect an increasing trend in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events across the eastern U.S., which is projected to continue to increase throughout the twenty-first century. Potential changes to extreme rainfall across ENC are explored and quantified for 2025–2100 for three tropical cyclones using an approach based on relative changes in future extreme rainfall frequencies (return periods) from dynamically downscaled projections. Maximum rainfall intensities at ‘2100’ could increase locally by 168%, with widespread regional increases in total rainfall up to 44%. Although these magnitudes exceed the consensus in the literature, the values here are comparable to the most extreme rainfall events observed in the U.S. during the early twenty-first century, which suggests that the intensity of projected future events is already a present-day reality.

Electronic ISSN: 2397-3722

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Springer Nature

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hits 1 - 10 | 233 hits