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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 4 (1994), S. 5-34 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: problem solving ; design process ; conceptual and procedural knowledge ; curriculum structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the preliminary results of a pilot study investigating the nature of ‘problem-solving’ activity in technology classrooms. The research focuses on the relationship and potential mismatch between teachers' and children's agendas, aims, perceptions and beliefs concerning design and technology activities. A case study of an 11-week project was undertaken with four pupils aged 13. In-depth classroom observation and interviews allowed us to investigate the problem solving used in designing and making a kite, and the pupils' ‘application’ of the knowledge required. Our analysis charts the influence of the teacher's task structuring and interventions on the children's problem-solving behaviour. The results indicate that the design process is highly complex and not always communicated successfully by teachers. What children typically encounter in design and technology projects are different problems requiring different approaches according to the kind of task and the stage reached in its solution. The popular idea that ‘problem solving’ in technology denotes a holistic ‘design-and-make’ process is hence under challenge. Moreover, the assumed access and application of relevant bodies of knowledge from other contexts is highly problematic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 5 (1995), S. 255-266 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: design process ; integration ; extra-rational/rational ; learning processes ; analogy ; quantum physics ; unpredictability ; ambiguity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The traditional, linear, rational models of designing have over-simplified a complex process; unfortunately, this simplification misrepresents reality. Students need to become aware of the ambiguous nature of a complex process such as designing just as they need to be introduced to the ambiguous nature of living in a modern world. The challenge is to develop a design process to be used as a teaching/learning strategy that is non-linear, that integrates processes from the rational and extra-rational levels of the mind and which captures the ambiguous nature of the design process. Using the counter-intuitive behaviour that exists in quantum theory as an analogy seems best to describe the true nature of designing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 9 (1999), S. 241-267 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: technological capability ; technological decision making ; technological literacy ; values and ethics in technology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Technology is a force that reshapes society, the dominant organizer which fundamentally changes everything. It provides material comforts and benefits but can change social patterns and values. Major innovations are happening simultaneously, stretching biological, mental and social adaptation to the limit. Technological decision making relies on an equal focus on three areas: resources (knowledge and information), expression (skills and practices) and responsibility (values and ethics). Decisions cannot be left to the ‘blackbox’ stage when functioning is effectively hidden from view and the technology has entered our culture. Similarly, participation in decision making cannot be left to a select few but must be the role of every citizen. Ensuring full participation in decisions should form the central role of technology education if it is finally to be recognized as a full member of the ‘general education club’. All students must be able to reflect, develop ethical standards and demonstrate how values are expressed through technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 6 (1996), S. 221-238 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: technological literacy ; technological capability ; comparison ; curriculum as process ; curriculum as content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract British and American discourses and experiences with respect to technology education are compared. Out of this comparison important issues are identified that have implications for the larger ongoing conversation on technology beyond these countries. They include the role of the state in establishing and validating the subject, the dual claims of technology literacy and technological capability, and dual curricular approaches — content and process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 7 (1997), S. 141-159 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: conceptual knowledge ; procedural knowledge ; problem solving ; design process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The ideas that underlie the title of this chapter have been part of a familiar debate in education, namely that of the contrast of content and process. In both science and mathematics similar arguments have taken place, and these debates represent a healthy examination of, not only the aims of science and mathematics education, but the teaching and learning issues, and as such they reflect the relative maturity of these subject areas. Even in technology education, which is still in its infancy as a subject, echoes of these debates exist and there are contrasts of approaches to the balance of process and content across the world. The 'debate' in technology is evangelical in nature, with for example, proponents making claims for problem-solving approaches as a basis for teaching with few accounts and almost no empirical research of what actually happens in classrooms. There is insufficient consideration of the learning issues behind this, or other proposals, and it is timely to turn our attention to student learning. This article examines the nature of technological knowledge and what we know about learning related to it. The article argues that learning procedural and conceptual knowledge associated with technological activity poses challenges for both technology educators and those concerned with research on learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 7 (1997), S. 241-258 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: student learning ; technological capability ; classroom culture ; problem solving
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the analysis of student (ages 6–15 years) technological capability as they undertake technological tasks. The activities covered a number of different contexts (including different subject areas), and had differing degrees of openness and methods of presentation. Data was obtained from 261 of the 400 students that took part in the classroom activities. A holistic approach to analysing student performance was developed and this provided insights into the strategies adopted by the students. Some preliminary conclusions are: the focus of students on an end-product meant that they did not fully consider the processes that might be required to solve the problem; student technological approaches were influenced by the culture of the classroom; and existing concepts of technological processes influenced the approaches undertaken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 10 (2000), S. 43-59 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: designing ; technological capability ; young children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Technology education in the early years in Australia is a newly defined curriculum area. A growing amount of resource development has occurred to support technology teaching in schools. However, only a limited amount of research into technology education for children aged three to eight years has taken place. This paper presents the findings of a pilot study which investigated the planning, making and evaluating activities of children when engaged in technology education whilst in childcare. In particular, young children's ability to design, and then use their design for making was examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 5 (1995), S. 199-217 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: design process ; problem-solving ; design models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract There are many published models for the process of design or open-ended problem solving. Some of these are represented in diagrammatic form while others are implicit within the text of the publication. Where do these models come from? Upon what evidence are they based and how accurately do they describe the pupil designer? The idea that we should teach pupils a procedure for completing design and make tasks or a strategy for solving problems is an attractive one but is there only one procedure and is this easily transferred to a wide variety of tasks? This article examines the similarities in a variety of published models for the design or problem-solving process including those implicitly described in the development of the National Curriculum for Design and Technology in England and Wales. It finds a surprising consensus of opinion among authors but suggests that there is little research evidence to support their claims.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 7 (1997), S. 259-278 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: developing informed attitudes ; critical reflection ; design values ; national technology framework ; technological capability ; technological perspective ; technological sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews the status of value judgements within Design and Technology education in Scotland in relation to National Guidelines. It highlights consequences for teacher education. These include developing critical awareness, acquiring and assessing information and developing the skills of decision-making and appraisal necessary for discrimination and judgement in the context of an increasingly international arena. The literature suggests that there is little support for the teaching of product appraisal and the evaluative strategies required. Initial teacher education and in-service programmes are being developed to enable teachers to respond to the challenge of this often controversial aspect of Design and Technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 8 (1998), S. 167-184 
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Keywords: cognitive models ; design process ; technological literacy ; technological primitives ; technological-problem-solving
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Technology education has undergone extraordinary changes in the last decade. Educators and educational policy makers have become aware of the importance of technology in the basic formation of today's educated person. At the same time rapid and continuous change in technology itself poses serious challenges in regards education and training in this field. Thus technology related contents, skills and teaching strategies for all specialization levels are being reconsidered and redefined for educating both the technologically literate person and the expert practitioner. In an attempt to examine the learning process of technological problem solving (TPS), we suggest and define an appropriate conceptual framework, encompassing all components of the process, i.e., knowledge, skills, and cognitive models. First the background to our proposal is presented, followed by the description of the two main components of the model: the Learning Space and the Technological Primitives repertoire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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