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  • Articles  (758)
  • climate change
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-07-03
    Description: Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten biodiversity and human well-being. These threats may increase in the future, necessitating accurate projections of potential locations and the extent of invasions. The main aim of the IAS prototype Digital Twin (IAS pDT) is to dynamically project the level of plant invasion at habitat level across Europe under current and future climates using joint species distribution models. The pDT detects updates in data sources and versions of the datasets and model outputs, implementing the FAIR principles. The pDT’s outputs will be available via an interactive dashboard. All input and output data will be freely accessible.
    Keywords: Invasive alien species ; Digital Twin ; climate change ; joint species distribution models ; Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems ; workflows
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Aim Species have different distribution patterns across the globe and among biogeographical regions. The Nearctic and Palaearctic regions share lineages because of their parallel biogeographic histories and ecological conditions. As the number of phylogenetic studies increases, there are more insights into past exchange events between these two regions and their effects on the current distribution of diversity. However, several groups have not been tested and an overall generalization is still missing. Here, we analyse the biogeographic history across multiple genera of odonates to elucidate a general process of species exchange, vicariance and species divergence between these two regions. Location The Holarctic, including the entire Nearctic and the East and West Palaearctic. Taxon 14 genera of Odonata (Insecta). Methods We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree for each genus to determine species relationships and divergence time using 3614 COI sequences of 259 species. Biogeographic ancestral range estimation was inferred for each phylogeny using BioGeoBEARS. Preferred habitat (lotic versus lentic) was established for each species. Results Exchange events were not restricted in time, direction or either lentic habitat or lotic habitat. Most genera crossed between both regions only once, and it was mainly across the Beringia, while three diverse anisopteran genera revealed multiple exchanges. Recent exchanges during the Pleistocene were associated with cold-dwelling and lentic species. Main Conclusions Our finding reveals the absence of a generalizable pattern of species exchange and divergence between the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions; instead, we found lineage-specific biogeographic patterns. This finding highlights the complexity of drivers and functional traits that shaped current diversity patterns. Moreover, it emphasizes that general conclusions cannot be formulated based on one single clade.
    Keywords: biogeography ; climate change ; damselflies ; dragonflies ; Holarctic
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Phenological responses to climate change frequently vary among trophic levels, which can result in increasing asynchrony between the peak energy requirements of consumers and the availability of resources. Migratory birds use multiple habitats with seasonal food resources along migration flyways. Spatially heterogeneous climate change could cause the phenology of food availability along the migration flyway to become desynchronized. Such heterogeneous shifts in food phenology could pose a challenge to migratory birds by reducing their opportunity for food availability along the migration path and consequently influencing their survival and reproduction. We develop a novel graph-based approach to quantify this problem and deploy it to evaluate the condition of the heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology for 16 migratory herbivorous waterfowl species in Asia. We show that climate change-induced heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology could cause a 12% loss of migration network integrity on average across all study species. Species that winter at relatively lower latitudes are subjected to a higher loss of integrity in their migration network. These findings highlight the susceptibility of migratory species to climate change. Our proposed methodological framework could be applied to migratory species in general to yield an accurate assessment of the exposure under climate change and help to identify actions for biodiversity conservation in the face of climate-related risks.
    Keywords: bird migration ; climate change ; graph-based approach ; heterogeneous shifts ; network integrity ; phenological asynchrony ; vegetation phenology
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: Sponges are abundant components of coral reefs known for their filtration capabilities and intricate interactions with microbes. They \nplay a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of coral reefs. Humic substances (HS) affect bacterial communities across \nterrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. However, the specific effects of HS on sponge-associated microbial symbionts have \nlargely been neglected. Here, we used a randomized-controlled microcosm setup to investigate the independent and interactive effects of HS, elevated temperature, and UVB radiation on bacterial communities associated with the sponge Chondrilla sp. Our results \nindicated the presence of a core bacterial community consisting of relatively abundant members, apparently resilient to the tested \nenvironmental perturbations, alongside a variable bacterial community. Elevated temperature positively affected the relative abundances of ASVs related to Planctomycetales and members of the families Pseudohongiellaceae and Hyphomonadaceae. HS increased \nthe relative abundances of several ASVs potentially involved in recalcitrant organic matter degradation (e.g., the BD2-11 terrestrial \ngroup, Saccharimonadales, and SAR202 clade). There was no significant independent effect of UVB and there were no significant \ninteractive effects of HS, heat, and UVB on bacterial diversity and composition. The significant, independent impact of HS on the \ncomposition of sponge bacterial communities suggests that alterations to HS inputs may have cascading effects on adjacent marine \necosystems.
    Keywords: climate change ; coral reefs ; DOM ; sponge microbiome ; terrestrial organic matter
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-02-20
    Description: Game is a powerful educational tool able to involve students and keep their attention high, promoting cognitive development, discoveries, reasoning, and thinking. It is also an effective active form of learning which consolidates the acquired knowledge and carries out an authentic assessment through reality tasks and immediate feedback typical of the use of the digital games. Our gamy-learning experimentation focuses on new methods and practices of science communication, with the aim to face the challenge of educating about natural risks and climate change. The goal is to facilitate the automatic choice of good practices, by stimulating mind, intuition and logic in the perspective of teambuilding in school-based civic education. The proper application of technological tools is a valuable aid for conscious communication for the next generation. A Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Education is experienced, in order to test the efficacy of our GeoQuest TROPOMAG digital adventure, and pave the ground for the implementation of the storytelling in an integrated table game. Our climate change role-playing videogame explores phenomena related to the possible effects of changes in the Earth's magnetic field on the atmosphere. The virtual adventure path is played on smartphones and follows alternative paths chosen by the players to develop the storytelling. As a result, students play not only “just for fun”, but also to actively participate in their learning process and acquisition of new knowledge, skills and competences in environmental issues.
    Description: Published
    Description: Lisbona
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Keywords: Gamification ; digital game based learning ; computer supported collaborative learning education ; climate change ; geomagnetism ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 04.05. Geomagnetism ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 01.03. Magnetosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 6
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    In:  Ecology and Evolution vol. 3 no. 8, pp. 2765-2781
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Open ocean zooplankton often have been viewed as slowly evolving species that have limited capacity to respond adaptively to changing ocean conditions. Hence, attention has focused on the ecological responses of zooplankton to current global change, including range shifts and changing phenology. Here, we argue that zooplankton also are well poised for evolutionary responses to global change. We present theoretical arguments that suggest plankton species may respond rapidly to selection on mildly beneficial mutations due to exceptionally large population size, and consider the circumstantial evidence that supports our inference that selection may be particularly important for these species. We also review all primary population genetic studies of open ocean zooplankton and show that genetic isolation can be achieved at the scale of gyre systems in open ocean habitats (100s to 1000s of km). Furthermore, population genetic structure often varies across planktonic taxa, and appears to be linked to the particular ecological requirements of the organism. In combination, these characteristics should facilitate adaptive evolution to distinct oceanographic habitats in the plankton. We conclude that marine zooplankton may be capable of rapid evolutionary as well as ecological responses to changing ocean conditions, and discuss the implications of this view. We further suggest two priority areas for future research to test our hypothesis of high evolutionary potential in open ocean zooplankton, which will require (1) assessing how pervasive selection is in driving population divergence and (2) rigorously quantifying the spatial and temporal scales of population differentiation in the open ocean.
    Keywords: adaptation ; climate change ; marine ; oceanic ; selection ; zooplankton
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Shifts in rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures associated with climate change are likely to cause widespread forest decline in regions where droughts are predicted to increase in duration and severity. One primary cause of productivity loss and plant mortality during drought is hydraulic failure. Drought stress creates trapped gas emboli in the water transport system, which reduces the ability of plants to supply water to leaves for photosynthetic gas exchange and can ultimately result in desiccation and mortality. At present we lack a clear picture of how thresholds to hydraulic failure vary across a broad range of species and environments, despite many individual experiments. Here we draw together published and unpublished data on the vulnerability of the transport system to drought-induced embolism for a large number of woody species, with a view to examining the likely consequences of climate change for forest biomes. We show that 70% of 226 forest species from 81 sites worldwide operate with narrow (,1 megapascal) hydraulic safety margins against injurious levels of drought stress and therefore potentially face long-term reductions in productivity and survival if temperature and aridity increase as predicted for many regions across the globe. Safety margins are largely independent of mean annual precipitation, showing that there is global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought, with all forest biomes equally vulnerable to hydraulic failure regardless of their current rainfall environment. These findings provide insight into why drought-induced forest decline is occurring not only in arid regions but also in wet forests not normally considered at drought risk.
    Keywords: global convergence ; vulnerability ; forests ; drought ; climate change ; drought-induced forest decline
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-12-07
    Description: Natural hazards are increasingly threatening our communities; hence it is imperative to provide communities with reliable information on possible impacts of such disasters, and on resilience measures that can be adopted to recover from disasters. To increase the engagement of various stakeholders in decision-making processes related to resilience to natural hazards, problem-specific information needs to be presented to them in a language understandable to non-experts in the field. To this end, this paper illustrates experimentation with low-code platforms for fast digitalization of resilience reports, incorporating the perspectives of various stakeholders in the analysis, thus making informed decision-making practicable. We present a co-creation-based approach to develop GIS-based user-friendly dashboards in support to the identification of resilience strategies against natural hazards; this approach has been developed within the framework of the European project ARCH. Urban areas are regarded as complex social-ecological systems whose various dimensions should be considered in this resilience endeavor, during all phases of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation cycle. The work presented in this paper specifically targets the possible impacts and risks that might affect the cultural heritage subsystems of our cities, generally underrepresented in the international literature related to urban resilience assessment. We describe how we applied our approach to the Camerino municipality, a historic Italian town exposed to seismic risk, which was struck by a severe earthquake sequence in 2016–2017 and discuss the results of our experience.
    Description: The research activities have been funded by the project “ARCH—Advancing Resilience of historic areas against Climate-related and other Hazards” funded by Horizon 2020—European Union Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No. 820999. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME, nor REA, nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The work is also funded by Project 1.7 “Technologies for the efficient penetration of the electric vector in the final uses” within the “Electrical System Research” PTR 22–24.
    Description: Published
    Description: 65
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: urban resilience ; cultural heritage ; geographic information system ; seismic risk ; knowledge representation ; climate change ; 05.08. Risk ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: Dataset: OIO2-WOD2018
    Description: OIO2 is a gridded data product of dissolved oxygen interpolated from shipboard observations archived in the World Ocean Database 2018 (WOD18). The quality-controlled WOD18 data are averaged for each bin at 1°x1° and monthly resolution where mean, variance, and sample size are recorded from 1965 to 2014 for the bottle data, and from 1987 to 2014 for the CTD-O2 data. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/886218
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-2123546
    Keywords: deoxygenation ; oxygen ; climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: Dataset: Mesocosm warming experiment temperature
    Description: This dataset includes seawater temperature measurements from mesocosms. Data were collected as part of a mesocosm study at the Bodega Marine Laboratory examining the independent and interactive effects of warming, host genotypic identity, and host genotypic diversity on the prevalence and intensity of infections of seagrass by the wasting disease parasite Labyrinthula zosterae. These data were plotted in Schenck et al (2022) as Figure S1. And Bois et al., 2021 as Figure 1. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/883037
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1652320
    Keywords: climate change ; host-parasite ; microbiome ; seagrass ; wasting disease
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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