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  • lead
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    Metals and pesticide levels found in fish taken from Vancouver Lake: memorandum to Steve O'Brien, dated May 19, 1977 (2021)
    State of Washington, Department of Ecology | Olympia, WA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3381 | 15 | 2015-04-28 21:13:02 | 3381
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Vancouver Lake Pilot Dredge Study revealed concentrations of certain chemicals which could be of concern: the metals copper, zinc and mercury and the pesticides lindane and aldrin were found in significant amounts. (PDF contains 1 page)
    Keywords: Pollution ; Fisheries ; Chemistry ; mercury ; zinc ; copper ; lindane ; aldrin ; pollution ; Vancouver Lake (Wash.)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Prenatal Mercury Exposure Upon Scholastic and Psychological Test Performance: Benchmark Analysis of a New Zealand Cohort (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 701-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Benchmark ; mercury ; risk assessment ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents benchmark (BMD) calculations and additional regression analyses of data from a study in which scores from 26 scholastic and psychological tests administered to 237 6- and 7-year-old New Zealand children were correlated with the mercury concentration in their mothers' hair during pregnancy. The original analyses of five test scores found an association between high prenatal mercury exposure and decreased test performance, using category variables for mercury exposure. Our regression analyses, which utilized the actual hair mercury level, did not find significant associations between mercury and children's test scores. However, this finding was highly influenced by a single child whose mother's mercury hair level (86 mg/kg) was more than four times that of any other mother. When that child was omitted, results were more indicative of a mercury effect and scores on six tests were significantly associated with the mothers' hair mercury level. BMDs calculated from five tests ranged from 32 to 73 mg/kg hair mercury, and corresponding BMDLs (95% lower limits on BMDs) ranged from 17 to 24 mg/kg. When the child with the highest mercury level was omitted, BMDs ranged from 13 to 21 mg/kg, and corresponding BMDLs ranged from 7.4 to 10 mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005917.52151.e6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur toxikologischen Beurteilung der Schwermetallgehalte (Cd, Hg, Pb) in Säuglings- und Kleinkindnahrung (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 54-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Quecksilber ; Blei ; Toxizität ; Säuglingsnahrung ; cadmium ; mercury ; lead ; toxicity ; infantformulas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary There are differences between young and adult organisms regarding toxokinetic aspects and clinical manifestations of heavy metal intoxications. Chronically, toxic Cd intake causes a microcytotic hypochromic anemia in young rats at lower exposure levels and after shorter exposure periods than in adult animals. Cd absorption is increased by co-administration of milk and in conjunction with iron deficiency. After long exposure periods toxic Cd concentrations accumulate in the kidney cortex; this process starts very early in life. In 3-year-old children Cd concentrations in the kidney can reach up to one-third of those found in adults. Hg++ and methyl-Hg can cause Hg encephalopathia, and frequently cause mental retardation in adults. Correspondingly, Hg++ accumulation in the brains of suckling rats is approx. 10 times higher than in grown animals. Milk increases the bioavailability of Hg++. In suckling rats Hg is bound to a greater extent to ligands in the erythrocytes. Methyl-Hg concentrations in breast milk reach 5% of those in maternal plasma and that is a severe hazard for breastfed children of exposed mothers. Toxic Pb concentrations can lead to Pb encephalopathia. A high percentage of surviving children have seizures and show signs of mental retardation. Anemia and reduced intelligence scores were recently observed in children after exposure to very low levels of Pb. Pb absorption is increased in children and after co-administration of milk. There are no definite proofs for carcinogenesis or mutagenesis after oral exposure to Cd, Hg, and Pb in man. Heavy metal concentrations were found in the same order of magnitude in commercial infant formulas and in breast milk. When infant formulas are reconstituted with contaminated tap water, however, Pb and Cd concentrations can be much higher. The average heavy metal uptake from such diets exceeds the provisional tolerable weekly intake levels set by the WHO for adults, calculated on the basis of an average food intake and a downscaled body weight. These considerations do not even provide for differences in absorption and distribution or for the increased sensitivity of children to heavy metal exposure. However, dilution effects for essential heavy metals were observed in fast-growing Young children; this effect might be extrapolated to toxic metals. These theoretical considerations are compared with epidemiological evidence. A health statistic from Baltimore shows a decline of Pb intoxications in infants. This observation correlates with a simultaneous decline in exposure to Pb which was due, for example, to decreased use of lead dyes in house paints and the abolition of tin cans for infant food. At the end of the observation period Pb-related infant mortality had decreased to zero. Maximum admissible Pb exposure from infant formulas in the USA has now been further reduced but the calculated Pb exposures in the example mentioned above are still lower. In conclusion, no hazard can be deducted from the mentioned epidemiological data regarding the present content of Cd, Hg, and Pb in commercially available infant formulas in Germany. Looking at the high toxic potential, however, it seems desirable to keep the content of these three metals in infant formulas as low as the best available technology can achieve.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die klinischen Symptome und die Toxokinetik von Schwermetallintoxikationen zeigen Unterschiede zwischen jungen und ausgewachsenen Organismen. Chronisch toxische Cd-Mengen verursachen eine mikrozytäre hypochrome Anämie, die bei Jungratten nach kürzerer und geringerer Exposition auftritt als bei erwachsenen Tieren. Nach der Resorption, die durch Milch und im Eisenmangel erhöht ist, akkumuliert Cd über Jahre bis zu toxischen Konzentrationen in der Nierenrinde. Dieser Fortgang beginnt im Säuglingsalter und kann in den ersten drei Lebensjahren bis zu 1/3 der Erwachsenenwerte erreichen. Hg++ und Methyl-Hg können u. a. eine Hg-Enzephalopathie hervorrufen, in deren Folge Kinder mehr als Erwachsene geistige Behinderungen zeigten. In Saugratten ist die Hg-Akkumulation im Hirn gegenüber erwachsenen Tieren zehnfach erhöht. Milch steigert die Bioverfügbarkeit von Hg++, das nach der Resorption bei Säuglingen vermehrt in den Erythrozyten gebunden wird. Methyl-Hg erreicht in der Muttermilch 5 % der mütterlichen Plasmakonzentration und führte bei epidemischen Vergiftungen zu schweren Schäden bei Säuglingen. Chronische Pb-Exposition kann Enzephalopathien verursachen, die bei Kindern in einem hohen Prozentsatz Krampfleiden und geistige Behinderungen hinterlassen. Anämien und Intelligenzminderungen werden bei Kindern nach sehr niedrigen Pb-Expositionen beobachtet. Die Pb-Resorption wird durch Milchgabe gesteigert und ist bei Kindern erhöht. Für Cd, Hg und Pb gibt es keine gesicherten Belege für Karzinogenese oder Mutagenese bei Menschen nach oraler Exposition. Der Schwermetallgehalt in kommerzieller Säuglingsnahrung liegt in derselben Größenordnung wie in der Muttermilch. Bei Verwendung von kontaminiertem Zapfwasser zur Rekonstitution von Fertignahrung ist die Belastung mit Pb und Cd jedoch erhöht. Die theoretische Metallaufnahme aus solchen Diäten, berechnet für einen normgewichtigen Säugling und einen repräsentativen Diätplan, übersteigt, bezogen auf das Körpergewicht, die „provisional tolerable weekly intakes“ der WHO für Erwachsene. Dabei führen Unterschiede in Resorption und Verteilung von Cd, Hg und Pb zu einer erhöhten Empfindlichkeit des kindlichen Organismus. Andererseits ergibt sich aus dem schnellen Wachstum von Säuglingen ein Verdünnungseffekt für essentielle Spurenmetalle, der von manchen Autoren auf toxische Metalle extrapoliert wird. Diesen theoretischen Überlegungen stehen epidemiologische Erfahrungen gegenüber. Eine Statistik über kindliche Bleivergiftungen aus Baltimore ist über einen Zeitraum von 13 Jahren stark rückläufig. Die einzelnen Stufen des Rückgangs lassen sich mit einem zeitgleichen Rückgang der kindlichen Pb-Belastung korrelieren, z. B. durch die Meidung von Bleifarben für den Hausanstrich oder die Abschaffung von bleihaltigem Verpackungsmaterial für Babynahrung. Am Ende des Beobachtungszeitraums weist die Mortalitätsstatistik keine einschlägigen Todesfälle mehr auf. In den USA wurde der zulässige Pb-Gehalt in der Säuglingsnahrung seither weiter reduziert. Die im oben genannten Beispiel aus deutschen Werten errechneten Pb-Belastungen liegen deutlich darunter. Zusammenfassend läßt sich aus den genannten epidemiologischen Erfahrungen keine akute Gefährdung durch die gegenwärtigen Cd-, Hg- und Pb-Gehalte in kommerzieller Säuglings- und Kleinkindnahrung ableiten. Das hohe toxische Potential läßt es aber wünschenswert erscheinen, die Gehalte dieser drei Metalle so niedrig zu halten, wie es nach neuestem technischem Stand möglich wäre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02019535
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blei-, Cadmium- und Quecksilbereintrag durch Gewürze und Gewürzzubereitung in Wurstwaren (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 34 (1995), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Blei ; Cadmium ; Quecksilber ; Gewürze ; Gewürzzubereitungen ; Wurstwaren ; Lead ; cadmium ; mercury ; spices ; condiments ; meat products
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The lead and cadmium contents of 50 spices and 19 condiments were investigated by means of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mercury contents were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption method including amalgamation. The mean concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury were 0.470 mg/kg, 0.080 mg/kg, and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. By using the detected levels of these three heavy metals in model calculations only a small carry-over of lead, cadmium, and mercury in meat products by spices and condiments can be assumed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 50 Gewürze und 19 Gewürzzubereitungen wurden mittels flammenloser Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie auf ihren Blei- und Cadmiumgehalt sowie mittels Kaltdampftechnik und nachfolgender Amalgamierung auf ihren Quecksilbergehalt untersucht. Im Mittel wurden hierbei 0,470 mg Blei, 0,080 mg Cadmium und 0,005 mg Quecksilber pro kg Würzmittel gefunden. Anhand von Modellrechnungen wurde ein nur geringer Blei-, Cadmium- und Quecksilbereintrag über Würzmittel in die Wurstsorten Fleischwurst, Leberwurst und Mettwurst aufgezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636944
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Umweltchemikalien in Eiern von Binnenland- und Wattenmeerbrütern des Austernfischers (Haematopus ostralegus) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: Biocides ; organochlorines ; mercury ; pollution ; river Rhine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1994/95 durchgeführte Vergleichsuntersuchungen zur Belastung von Binnenland- und Wattenmeerbrütern des Austernfischers mit den Bioziden DDT, DDE und HCH sowie den Industriechemikalien PCB, HCB und Hg ergaben in Austernfischer-Eiern vom Unteren Niederrhein signifikant höhere Konzentrationen chlororganischer Verbindungen als in Eiern der Wattenmeerinseln Griend (NL) und Mellum (D). Nur Hg wurde in niederrheinischen Eiern in hoch signifikant geringerer Konzentration gefunden als in Eiern von Brutvögel des Wattenmeeres. Austernfischer-Eier von Griend waren bezüglich der meisten analysierten Parameter geringer belastet als Eier von Mellum (Ausnahmen: pp'DDT, Σ PCB). Von den untersuchten Umweltchemikalien war die PCB-Konzentration in allen drei Untersuchungsgebieten am höchsten. Die hohe PCB-Kontamination am Unteren Niederrhein spiegelt die auch heute noch erhebliche Belastung des Flusses mit „Altlasten” wider. Weder die Konzentration der untersuchten Industriechemikalien noch die der Biozide dürften von embryotoxischer Wirkung gewesen sein.
    Notes: Summary Due to the international importance of the Wadden Sea for waders and waterfowl a long-term programme to monitor contamination of birds breeding in the Wadden Sea has been established in the early 1980s. One of the species selected is the Oystercatcher. Comparatively little is known about contamination of birds breeding inland. Therefore, we collected eight eggs of Oystercatchers breeding at the Lower Rhine (district of Kleve) and analysed their contamination with biocides (DDT, DDE, HCH) and industrial chemicals (PCB, HCB, Hg) in comparison to birds breeding on the Wadden Sea islands of Griend (NL) and Mellum (D), where ten eggs were collected in 1994/95. We found distinctive differences between inland and Wadden Sea breeding Oystercatchers. Eggs from the Lower Rhine had significantly higher residues of all organochlorines, whereas concentration of mercury was significantly lower than in those from birds breeding on the Wadden Sea islands. In general, eggs collected on Griend held lower concentrations than those collected on Mellum island, except pp'-DDT and Σ PCB. The high PCB contamination in Ostercatcher eggs from the Lower Rhine nowadays reflects the extreme pollution in the past. However, concentrations of the parameters studied obviously had no embryotoxic effects in Oystercatchers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01653466
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of heavy metals on chromatin supraorganization, nuclear phenotypes, and survival ofTriatoma infestans (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 74 (1995), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: copper ; mercury ; chromatin supraorganization ; survival ; Triatoma infestans ; Hemiptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nuclear phenotypes and survival of the hemipteran,Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), were studied in specimens treated with copper sulfate and methylmercury. The objective was to determine whether changes in chromatin supraorganization and insect survival similar to those promoted by other stressing agents could also be induced by heavy metals. At the concentrations used, copper sulfate and methylmercury were toxic to the cells, mainly inducing nuclear degenrration in the Malpighian tubules and being lethal to a large part of the insect population. Although some individual resistance was found, especially in fasted specimens, heavy metals were found to be much more lethal than was, for instance, a thermal shock at 0°C for 12 h. The nuclear phenotypes detected after heavy metal treatment were similar to those reported under other stressing conditions. However, the frequency at which nuclei exhibited aspects of heterochromatin unraveling was much higher than that found in fasted and thermal-shocked specimens, and was independent of the heavy metal type used. If this phenotype represents an attempt to improve opportunities for extensive cell and insect survival, it was not sufficiently effective. In 5th instar nymphs, the effect of CuSO4 on chromatin supraorganization was detected at early steps of spermatogenesis but not in the cells which were at late spermiogenesis when the metal was administered. This is probably due to changes in nuclear protein composition and to the tightly packed state of the DNA-protein complexes occurring at spermiogenesis, which may protect chromatin from damages. However, when CuSO4 was supplied to 4th instar nymphs, it slowed down the spermiogenesis process, possibly due to several factors including Cu2+ binding to DNA phosphates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381784
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of Cd and Pb in successive stages ofGalleria mellonella and metal transfer to the pupal parasitoidPimpla turionellae (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: insects ; metals ; metal transfer ; cadmium ; lead ; food chain ; concentration factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae ofGalleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) were exposed to Pb (4, 43, 430 μg Pb/g food dw) and Cd (4, 20, 40 μg Cd/g food dw) applied singly and in combination. Metal transfer of Pb and Cd was investigated from food to larvae and successive stages ofG. mellonella and also to the pupal parasitoidPimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Larvae/food concentration factors (CFs) were highest in controls (Cd 5.25, Pb 3.07) and ranged from 0.19 to 0.92 for Cd and from 0.18 to 0.83 for Pb in contaminated groups; in general, the CFs decreased with an increasing contamination level in food.G. mellonella eliminated most of its larval metal load before pupation (metal concentration in larvae ς〉 pupae). Although pupae were only moderately contaminated (0.11–1.61 μg Cd/g dw), concentrations inP. turionellae ranged from 0.5 to 6.8 μg Cd/g dw. Again, CFs (parasitoid/pupa) decreased with enhanced levels of metal in the host pupae (Cd 3.07–14.05, Pb 0.0–2.47). The CFs calculated for both species were lower at combined contamination compared to single application.G. mellonella can be classified as a ‘deconcentrator’ (CF〈1) along with other lepidopteran species, whereasP. turionellae is apparently a ‘macroconcentrator’ (CF〉2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383022
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of heavy metal stress on free amino acids in the haemolymph and proteins in haemolymph and total body tissue of Lymantria dispar larvae parasitized by Glyptapanteles liparidis (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: insect ; parasitoid ; protein ; free amino acid ; cadmiun ; lead ; copper ; zinc ; Lepidoptera ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heavy metal contamination of the forest pest insect Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae), the gypsy moth, can alter its haemolymph composition, as has already been shown for carbohydrates and lipids in recent studies. L. dispar larvae are frequently parasitized by Glyptapanteles liparidis (Bouché) (Hymenoptera; Braconidae) larvae, which can—to some extent—regulate the population size of the pest insect. The parasitoids feed on the haemolymph of L. dispar larvae; hence, a different haemolymph composition of the host alters the trophic situation of the parasitoids. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether metal contamination also affects the concentrations of free amino acids in L. dispar haemolymph, and protein concentrations in their haemolymph and tissue. L. dispar larvae were parasitized on the first day of the second instar and then reared on diets contaminated with Cd, Pb, Cu or Zn at two concentrations each. Haemolymph and total body tissue of the larvae (fourth instar/third day) were analyzed. The concentrations of the free amino acids were elevated in five out of the eight contamination groups (Cd6, Pb4, Cu6, Cu10, Zn60), whereas haemolymph protein concentrations were significantly reduced in all contaminated individuals. The haemolymph protein concentration was 18 mg/ml in the control group and decreased to less than 10 mg/ml due to cadmium and zinc contamination at both concentrations and in the low copper contamination group. In contrast, total body proteins (136 μg/mg dry weight in the control group) were elevated due to heavy metal stress. Analyses of haemolymph protein concentrations during the fourth instar demonstrated an increase of the proteins from day one to day four (followed by a decrease on the fifth day) in the control group and the cadmium contamination group. A steady increase of proteins from the first to the fifth day in the copper and zinc contaminated larvae indicated a retarded development in these groups. Thus, the present study along with other recent studies demonstrated, that heavy metal stress changes the concentrations of all main haemolymph compounds of L. dispar larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333822
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structure of [(OC)4Os(PbMe2)]2 and some derivatives of the type Os2(CO)7(SnMe2)2(L) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 7 (1996), S. 121-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Carbonyl ; osmium ; tin ; lead ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complexes [(OC)4Os(PbMe2)]2 (3) and [(OC)4OsSnBu 2 ′ ]2 (4) have been prepared from be reaction of Na2[Os(CO)4] with Me2PbCl2 and Bu 2 ′ SnCl2, respectively, in THF and their X-ray crystal structures determined. The red derivative,3, was light-sensitive in solution. The reactions or [(OC)4 Os(SnMe2)]2 (2), or its decarbonylated derivative [Os3(CO)7(SnMe2)2]2 (7), with olefins or phosphorus donor ligands have also been investigated, and the structures of two derivatives, viz. [Os2(CO)7(SnMe2)2(C2H4)] (5a) and [Os2(CO)7(SnMe2)2(PMe3)] (6a), have been determined; the noncarbonyl ligand occupies an equatorial site in each case. The X-ray crystal structures of all these compounds, like those of [(OC)4Os(EMe2)]2 (E=Ge (1), Sn (2)) which have been reported previously, show leaning of the axial carbonyl ligands toward the metal tetracycle, i.e., an “umbrella” effect. Crystallographic data for compound3: space group, P21/a;a=13.4404(13) Å,b=10.7494(14) A,c=148967(18) A,β=98.204(9)°,R=0.035, 1983 observed reflections. For compound4: space group,P1;a=9.016(1) Å,b=9.370(1),c=11.334(1) A, α=103.67(1)°,β=100.30(1)°, γ=115.03(1)°, R=0.046, 2026 observed reflections. For compound5a: space group,P1;a=9.2933(11)Å,b=9.7181(3),c=12.2508(15) A, α=89.21(1)°,β=87.61(1)°, γ=86.13(1)°,R=0.038, 2770 observed reflections. For compound6a space groupP1:a=8.7244(9)Å,b=10.9318(6),c=13.2560(13) A, α=87.815(6)°,β=83.655(8)°, γ=82.343(6)°, R=0.030, 3497 observed reflections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01166052
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Molecular Structure of the Mercury-Bridged Heteronuclear Complex [Pt3(dppm)3 {(μ4-Hg)-RuCp(CO)2}2][PF6]2 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 107-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Platinum ; mercury ; ruthenium ; heteronuclear ; cluster ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Addition of a THF solution prepared by stirring [CpRu(CO)2]2 over Na/Hg amalgam to a solution of the triplatinum cluster [Pt3(dppm)3(CO)][PF6]2 (1) in THF gives the heteronuclear cluster [Pt3(dppm)3{(μ4-Hg)–RuCp(CO)2}2] [PF6]2 (2) in 40% yield following chromatography. A single crystal X-ray study of 2 reveals structural parameters for the Pt3Hg2 molecular core that are consistent with those of other structurally characterized complexes of this type. 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectra of this complex indicate that the structure observed in the solid state is retained in solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021933831065
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