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  • Articles  (61)
  • Bacteria
  • Dissolved organic carbon
  • Springer  (61)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (61)
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  • Articles  (61)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (61)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Elsevier  (3)
Years
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxalate-metabolizing microorganisms in sagebrush steppe soil (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Oxalate metabolization ; Calcium oxalate ; Phosphorus cycling ; Fungi ; Bacteria ; Actinomycetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Oxalate metabolization by soil microorganisms was assessed using a calcium oxalate clearing medium and14CO2 release from [14C]-oxalate. Three saprophytic fungi, two bacteria, and one actinomycete tested produced14CO2 when grown in culture with [14C]-oxalate, yet failed to test positive for oxalate degradation using a calcium-clearing medium. A field plot was then established to determine the effects of oxalate inputs on oxalate metabolism. The amount of [14C]-oxalate metabolized by soil microorganisms and the number of bacteria metabolizing oxalate increased within 24 h after the addition of oxalic acid at a concentration of 11.1 μmol g-1 soil. Oxalate metabolism and bacterial numbers returned to the baseline within 84 days. Soil phosphate concentrations increased significantly above baseline 7 days after the addition of oxalate and did not return to prespike levels. Fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes were able to metabolize oxalate. Therefore, while oxalate can influence P cycles by increasing the amount of available phosphates, that increase is mediated by microbes that metabolize the oxalates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647677
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of chlorothalonil in soil after suppression of degradation (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biodegradation ; Cometabolism ; Bacteria ; Soil ; Fungicide ; Chlorothalonil ; Acclimation ; Repeated application
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract the degradation rate of chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) was significantly decreased after repeated application in field experiments. However, the degradation rate completely recovered after further application of chlorothalonil. Chlorothalonil was also degraded in a laboratory study, forming a stoichiometric amount of chloride anion. 4-Hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile (TPN-OH) was also detected as a metabolite in the study. Bacterial which degrade chlorothalonil rapidly were isolated from the soil. The cell suspension of the bacteria transformed chlorothalonil to TPN-OH and chloride anion, but did not utilize chlorothalonil (=cometabolism). It seems that microbial acclimation has occurred during repeated application because the bacteria could not be detected in soil which was not treated with chlorothalonil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335964
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous defoliation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) and associated changes in the composition and activity of the microbial population of an upland grassland soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1996), S. 52-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Defoliation ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial populations ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Respiration ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Upland grassland ; Upland soil ; Pseudomonas spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A microcosm study was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous plant defoliation on the composition and activity of microbial populations in the rhizosphere of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Continuous defoliation of ryegrass and clover resulted in significant (P〈0.01) increases in soil microbial biomass, although whilst increases were measured from day 2 in soil sown with clover significant increases were only seen from day 21 in soil sown with ryegrass. These increases were paralleled, from day 10 onwards, by increases in the numbers of culturable bacteria. Numbers of Pseudomonas spp. also increased in the later stages of the study. No influence on culturable fungal populations was detected. Whilst shifts in the composition of the microbial populations were measured in response to defoliation there was little effect on microbial activity. No changes in either dehydrogenase activity or microbial respiration in the rhizosphere of ryegrass or clover were measured in response to defoliation, but both dehydrogenase activity and microbial respiration were greater in ryegrass than clover when values over the whole study were combined. Continuous defoliation resulted in significant (P〈0.001) reductions in the root dry weight of ryegrass and clover, of the order 19% and 16%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420220
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of plant-bacterial-amoebal interactions on plant uptake of nitrogen under field conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Protozoa ; Naked amoebae ; Soil ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Ammonium excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Bacterial biomass and numbers of bacterivorous naked amoebae were estimated daily in soil associated with barley roots and, to avoid the influence of roots, in soil from a field in its fifth summer under bare fallow. The estimates were associated with two rainfall events and were started just before the first. Increases in bacteria were observed after each rainfall, and bacterial production was about the same size for both treatments. A peak in naked amoebae followed each burst of bacterial production in the root-associated soil, whereas in the fallowed soil protozoan production was low after the first rainfall and undetectable after the second. The bacterial populations in the fallowed soil had yet to decline by the end of the 12-day study, probably because grazing pressure by protozoa was low. Calculations based (1) on short-term decreases in bacterial biomass in soil close to roots or (2) on the amount of C added to the soil by plants over the growing season indicated that N released via bacterial-protozoan interactions contributed 10%–17% of the N taken up by the fertilized barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263171
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the selective respiratory inhibition method for measuring the ratio of fungal:bacterial activity in acid agricultural soils (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 354-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Substrate-induced respiration ; Selective ; inhibition ; Prokaryote:eukaryote ratio ; Arable soils ; Fungi ; Bacteria ; Cycloheximide ; Streptomycin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for the measurement of the fungal and bacterial contribution to substrate-induced respiration was tested in three arable soils. Glucose and different amounts of cycloheximide (eukaryote inhibitor) and streptomycin sulfate (prokaryote inhibitor) were added to soil suspensions, and respiration (CO2 evolution) was measured. Streptomycin sulfate concentrations from 10 to 120 mg ml–1 soil solution caused a stable inhibition of respiration. Amounts of cycloheximide ranging from 5 to 35 mg ml–1 showed an increasing inhibition. In a test with separate and combined addition of the antibiotics at maximum inhibitory concentrations, inhibition by streptomycin was completely overlapped by cycloheximide. This indicated non-target inhibition which may lead to overestimation of fungal respiration. Experiments with sterilized soils inoculated with either fungi or bacteria confirmed that streptomycin selectively inhibited bacteria. Cycloheximide, however, did not only inhibit fungal respiration already at 2 mg ml–1, but also increasingly inhibited bacterial respiration at increasing concentrations. Only at less than 5 mg cycloheximide ml–1 was the condition of selective fungal inhibition fulfilled. When 2 mg cycloheximide and 10 mg streptomycin sulfate ml–1 were applied, the sum of the separate inhibitions almost equalled the combined inhibition by the mix of both inhibitors in field samples. This method yielded fungal:bacterial respiration ratios of 0.50 to 0.60, and confirmed the dominance of bacteria in Dutch arable soils. The ratios obtained by the selective inhibitors were not correlated with, and were higher than, ratios of fungal:bacterial biovolume (0.19 to 0.46) as determined by microscopy and image analysis. Similar measurements in a forest soil (A-horizon) raised doubts on the reliability of the fungal inhibition by cycloheximide in this soil. It is concluded that the separate:combined inhibition ratio should always be checked, and comparison with other approaches is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050325
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of soil fungal:bacterial biomass ratios as an indicator of ecosystem self-regulation in temperate meadow grasslands (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 282-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Grasslands ; Management ; Microbial biomass ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  There is much interest in the development of agricultural land management strategies aimed at enhancing reliance on ecosystem self-regulation rather than on artificial inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides. This study tested the usefulness of measures of soil microbial biomass and fungal:bacterial biomass ratios as indicators of effective conversion from an intensive grassland system, reliant mainly on fertilisers for crop nutrition, to a low-input system reliant mainly on self-regulation through soil biological pathways of nutrient turnover. Analysis of soils from a wide range of meadow grassland sites in northern England, along a gradient of long-term management intensity, showed that fungal:bacterial biomass ratios (measured by phospholipid fatty acid analysis; PLFA) were consistently and significantly higher in the unfertilised than the fertilised grasslands. There was also some evidence that microbial biomass, measured by chloroform fumigation and total PLFA, was higher in the unfertilised than in the fertilised grasslands. It was also found that levels of inorganic nitrogen (N), in particular nitrate-N, were significantly higher in the fertilised than in the unfertilised grasslands. However, microbial activity, measured as basal respiration, did not differ between the sites. A field manipulation trial was conducted to determine whether the reinstatement of traditional management on an improved mesotrophic grassland, for 6 years, resulted in similar changes in the soil microbial community. It was found that neither the cessation of fertiliser applications nor changes in cutting and grazing management significantly affected soil microbial biomass or the fungal:bacterial biomass ratio. It is suggested that the lack of effects on the soil microbial community may be related to high residual fertility caused by retention of fertiliser N in the soil. On the basis of these results it is recommended that following the reinstatement of low-input management, the measurement of a significant increase in the soil fungal:bacterial biomass ratio, and perhaps total microbial biomass, may be an indicator of successful conversion to a grassland system reliant of self-regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050554
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of solid waste compost on microbiological and physical properties of a burnt forest soil in field experiments (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 410-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Keywords Aggregate stability ; Bacteria ; Burnt soil ; Compost ; Fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The restoration of soil microbial activities is a basic step in the reclamation of burnt soils. For this reason, the ability of municipal solid waste compost to accelerate the re-establishment of bacterial and fungal populations, as well as to re-establish physical properties in a burnt soil, was evaluated in a field experiment. Four treatments were performed by adding different doses of compost (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg compost m–2 soil) to a burnt Calcic Rodoxeralf soil, and the changes in microbial populations, salt content, aggregate stability and bulk density were evaluated for 1 year. Initially, the addition of compost had a negative effect on soil microbial populations, but 3 months after compost addition, the number of viable fungal propagules increased in all the amended soils. This positive effect lasted until the end of the experiment. From 30 days onwards, all the amended soils showed a greater total number of bacterial cell forming units than the unamended burnt soil. Organic amendment increased the percentage of 2- to 4-mm aggregates, although the effect on the stability of the 0.2- to 2-mm aggregates and on bulk density was less noticeable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000270
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and stratification of bacteria and fungi in the organic layers of a scots pine forest soil (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Fungi ; Bacteria ; Nitrogen ; Scots pine ; Stratification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The abundance and micro-stratification of bacteria and fungi inhabiting the organic layers of a Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris L.) were investigated. An experiment using stratified litterbags, containing organic material of four degradation stages (fresh litter, litter, fragmented litter and humus) was performed over a period of 2.5 years. Dynamics and stratification of fluorescent stained bacteria and fungi, ratios between bacterial and fungal biomass, and relationships with moisture and temperature are described. Average bacterial counts in litter and fragmented litter were similar, i.e., approximately 5×109 bacteriag–1 (dry weight) organic matter, and significantly exceeded those in humus. The mean bacterial biomass ranged from 0.338 to 0.252mg carbon (C) g–1 (dry weight) organic matter. Lengths of mycelia were significantly below the usually recorded amounts for comparable temperate coniferous forests. The highest average hyphal length, 53mg–1 (dry weight) organic matter, was recorded in litter and decreased significantly with depth. The corresponding mean fungal biomass ranged from 0.050 to 0.009mg Cg–1 (dry weight). The abundance of bacteria and fungi was influenced by water content, that of fungi also by temperature. A litterbag series with freshly fallen litter of standard quality, renewed bimonthly, revealed a clear seasonal pattern with microbial biomass peaks in winter. The mean hyphal length was 104mg–1 (dry weight) and mean number of bacteria, 2.40×109 bacteria g–1 (dry weight). Comparable bacterial and fungal biomass C were found in the freshly fallen litter [0.154 and 0.132mgCg–1 (dry weight) organic material, respectively]. The ratio of bacterial-to-fungal biomass C increased from 1.2 in fresh litter to 28.0 in humus. The results indicate the existence of an environmental stress factor affecting the abundance of fungi in the second phase of decomposition. High atmospheric nitrogen deposition is discussed as a prime factor to explain low fungal biomass and the relatively short lengths of fungal hyphae in some of the forest soil layers under study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050382
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of chlorothalonil in soil after suppression of degradation (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Biodegradation ; Cometabolism ; Bacteria ; Soil ; Fungicide ; Chlorothalonil ; Acclimation ; Repeated application
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The degradation rate of chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) was significantly decreased after repeated application in field experiments. However, the degradation rate completely recovered after further application of chlorothalonil. Chlorothalonil was also degraded in a laboratory study, forming a stoichiometric amount of chloride anion. 4-Hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile (TPN-OH) was also detected as a metabolite in the study. Bacterial which degrade chlorothalonil rapidly were isolated from the soil. The cell suspension of the bacteria transformed chlorothalonil to TPN-OH and chloride anion, but did not utilize chlorothalonil (=cometabolism). It seems that microbial acclimation has occurred during repeated application because the bacteria could not be detected in soil which was not treated with chlorothalonil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335964
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protease and deaminase activities in wheat rhizosphere and their relation to bacterial and protozoan populations (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizosphere effect ; Protease activity ; Deaminase activity ; Bacteria ; Protozoa ; Nitrogen mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Protease and deaminase activities and population dynamics of bacteria and protozoa were measured in the rhizosphere of wheat to study their interactions with the mineralization of nitrogen. The experimental design allowed the separation of roots and soil material by means of a gauze. The most pronounced “rhizosphere effect” was detected for all the measured variables in the soil closest to the gauze. The number of bacteria was significantly higher in the presence than in the absence of plants up to 4 mm away from the soil-root interface and the closer to this interface the higher the number. Protozoan and bacterial population dynamics were positively correlated; generally, populations of flagellates and amoebae were comparable and their sum accounted for the population of total protozoa. For both enzyme activities the rhizosphere effect extended up to 2 mm away from the soil-root interface. The histidinase activity was of bacterial origin, while it is likely that bacteria, protozoa and root hair all contributed to the overall caseinase activity. Decomposition of root exudates and native organic matter in the rhizosphere, reflected by a growing microbial population, is associated with nitrogen mineralization through increases in caseinhydrolysing and L-histidine-deaminating activities. The adopted soil-plant microcosm is suitable for the study of the rhizosphere effect over time of incubation and distance gradient from the soil-root interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336047
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