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  • Articles  (56,801)
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  • 1975-1979  (56,801)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (56,801)
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  • Articles  (56,801)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper comments on the eleven papers presented in the “Materials Behaviour” section of the Extension Seminar of I.C.M.3 and reported in Vol. 2, No. 1 of this Journal. It is hoped that this permanent recording of the opinions stated during the Conference will stimulate further discussion as to the directions future work in this field should take. For conciseness, points of detail and specific aspects not related to the “Microstructure-Fatigue Resistance” theme have been omitted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A statistical approach to the failure of engineering components is presented which takes account of the size distribution of defects within the structure, and growth of these defects caused by cyclic loading during service. Statistical design methods are illustrated by considering the failure of simple bars which are assumed to contain pre-existing defects. It is argued that more efficient designs should result if safety factors are applied to failure rates rather than to design stresses (or some equivalent) since small reductions of the design stresses can lead to substantial decreases in the predicted failure rates. The statistical approach offers a controlled method of reducing conventional safety factors thus leading to more efficient designs. It also offers: (i) a rational method of assessing the safety of potentially hazardous engineering structures, e.g. pressure vessels, and (ii) a quantitative treatment of product reliability which can highlight methods of improving performance in service.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper introduces an analytical procedure for predicting engineering crack formation life of high temperature turbine components. This procedure is based upon elastic-plastic fracture mechanics rather than linear elastic fracture mechanics. State of the art, some experimental results and future developments are discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Residual stress distribution in the vicinity of fatigue cracks was determined experimentally by means of the X-ray method and theoretically calculated by finite element analysis. Both the intensity and the extent of residual stress increase with the increasing stress intensity factor amplitude. There is good agreement between experimental and theoretical results.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Flight simulation fatigue crack propagation tests with gust spectrum loading were carried out on laminates of (i) aluminium alloy 2024-T3/carbon epoxy, (ii) aluminium alloy 7475-T761/carbon-epoxy and (iii) titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V/carbon-epoxy, each with a nominal weight saving of 30% as compared to equivalent 2024-T3 panels. The performance of the 2024-T3/carbon-epoxy laminates was much superior to those of the other material combinations. Overall, there was a fairly strong effect of changing from an environment of normal air to an air plus water spray environment. Probable reasons for this strong effect are discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue crack propagation tests were carried out under pulsating stress, partly alternating stress and alternating plastic fatigue for Cr- Mo-V steel and mild steel. Although stress and strain intensity factors do not effectively correlate the fatigue crack growth rate over a wide range of stress and strain conditions, a normalized fatigue crack growth rate [(da/dN)/a] is related to the strain range. The fatigue crack propagation behavior at a notch under pulsating load is analyzed with the above relation by considering the cyclic elastic- plastic condition at the notch.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue crack growth under biaxial tensile load conditions is reported for a structural sheet steel. The new test facility can operate at high frequency (0–40 Hz) thereby permitting real-time testing required for threshold investigations; specimens are of the cruciform type.It is found that crack growth rate is affected by a cyclic tensile load applied in the direction of growth which decreases as the said load increases. The rate however increases if the biaxial loads are increasingly out of phase.Within the test conditions reported LEFM can be applied to crack growth under biaxial load conditions. The threshold stress intensity range is shown to be a function of load biaxiality, phase difference and stress ratio.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Criteria of fatigue strength of a round bar subjected to combined static and repeated bending and torsion have already been published by Findley and Sines together with empirical formulas by Gough. However, it is only Sines’criterion, by which the fatigue limit under combined bending and torsion is calculated, when completely reversed and pulsating fatigue limits and mean stresses are known. The authors show that Sines’criterion does not conform strictly with experimental results and they correct Sines’criterion so that fatigue failure occurs when the octahedral shearing stress amplitude attains a material constant value which decreases not only in proportion to the octahedral normal mean stress, but also in proportion to the octahedral normal stress amplitude. Applying the authors’criterion to combined repeated bending and torsion, plus coexistent static bending and torsion, a design formula was derived. The formula was compared with experimental results of Gough.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A reanalysis has been carried out on the results of Zachariah. An elastic-plastic analysis based on S-N data indicates that the mechanism of growth of very small cracks is similar to that expressed by linear elastic fracture mechanics, i.e. crack growth in mild steel is given by〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:8756758X:FFE351:FFE_351_mu1"/〉where Δγp is the plastic shear strain range and a is the crack length.Crack initiation occurs within a single grain and crack propagation is given by the above equation for cracks which can be smaller than a few microns. The size of an initiated crack is a function of stress level varying from 0·1–1·0 μm in the high strain fatigue regime to 2·3 μm close to the fatigue limit. The period of crack initiation is negligible in the HSF regime whilst the initiation period can dominate lifetime at low stress levels.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The effects of shot-peening residual stresses on bending fatigue behaviour of welded plate and surface-flawed plate were investigated. The results show that shot peening residual stresses may significantly increase fatigue strength as well as the threshold stress- intensity factor range of a surface-flawed plate. This paper presents a simple analytical method for determining the residual stresses. The calculated values are essentially in agreement with the experimental results.
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