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  • Articles  (19)
  • Bacteria
  • Dissolved organic carbon
  • Springer  (19)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 1975-1979  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jet drop enrichment of bacteria, virus, and dissolved organic material (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 302-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Bubbles ; Scavenging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Four parameters that control the enrichment of bacteria in jet drops are bubble scavenging, drop size, drop position in the jet set, and the type of bacteria. Without the scavenging of bacteria as a bubble rises through the water it is doubtful that the observed enrichment factors, EF, greater than 1000 could be obtained. There is a maximum in EF as a function of top jet drop size, and the EF decreases from the top to the bottom drop of the jet set. The efficiency by which bubbles scavenge bacteria varies with species. Presumably these parameters apply in some degree to the EF of virus in jet drops. Dissolved organic material in natural waters can adsorb to bubbles and contribute to a large EF in jet drops, but there is a feedback mechanism whereby changes in bubble surface free energy modify the jet drop-size distribution. However, there is reason to believe this will not significantly influence the jet drop-size distribution produced by bubbles in the sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636887
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What does Halobacterium tell us about photoreception? (1977)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 3 (1977), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Photophobic response ; Rhodopsin ; Membrane ; Sensory transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A photosensory mechanism is proposed for Halobacterium halobium based on the observation of light-induced motor responses. Possible mechanisms of signal transduction in Halobacterium are discussed. Bacteriorhodopsin and the visual pigment rhodopsin are compared with respect to their structural and functional properties. The conclusion is drawn that Halobacterium may help to understand primary photochemical events of rhodopsin rather than the transduction mechanism of visual photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00536457
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization and degradation of lindane by soil microorganisms (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lindane ; Soil microorganisms ; Bacteria ; Actinomycetes ; Fungi ; Insecticide ; Chloride ; Respiration ; Degradation ; Utilization ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Of 147 microorganisms isolated from a loamy sand, 71 showed good growth with lindane (γ-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) and produced chloride in an aqueous medium. Thirteen soil microorganisms were selected to study the utilization of lindane. Lindane was metabolized by the microbes to γ-2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (γ-PCCH), α-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (α-TCCH), β-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (β-TCCH), γ-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (γ-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Cells of Pseudomonas sp. No. 62 grown on lindane simultaneously adapted to γ-PCCH, α-TCCH, β-TCCH, γ-TCCH, PCB, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,4-TCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TCB). The bacteria degraded each of these chemicals at least partially as indicated by an increased rate of oxygen consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454850
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum Glyoxylsäurestoffwechsel vonBacillus fastidiosus Stamm 83 (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacillus fastidiosus ; Bacteria ; C2-Metabolism ; Glyoxylate ; Hydroxypyruvate ; Tartronicsemialdehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung BeiBacillus fastidiosus, der Harnsäure und Allantoin über Glyoxylsäure abbaut, wurde der Glyoxylat-Stoffwechsel untersucht. Enzyme des Glycin-Serin-Weges, des Oxalat-Weges und des β-Hydroxyaspartat-Weges waren in zellfreien Extrakten nicht nachweisbar. Das Enzym Glyoxylatcaboligase, welches die Synthese von Tartronsäuresemialdehyd (TSA) aus Glyoxylsäure katalysiert, war zwar in den Extrakten vorhanden,abereine nachfolgende Umsetzung von TSA über den Glycerat-Weg schien unwahrscheinlich, da keine Glyceratkinase nachgewiesen werden konnte. Allerdingswurde eine enzymatische Tautomerisierung von Enzymen, welche die Synthese von Pyruvat aus HP über Serin katalysieren,deutet darauf hin, daß die beobachtete enzymatische Umwandlung von TSA zu HP in diesem Organismus an der Synthese von C3-Verbindungen aus Glyoxylat beteiligt ist.
    Notes: Abstract Glyoxylate metabolism was studied inBacillus fastidiosus, which is known to degrade uric acid and allantoin via glyoxylic acid. Enzymes of the glycine-serine pathway, of the oxalate pathway and of the β-hydroxyaspartate pathway were not detected in cell-free extracts. Glycoxylate carboligase, which catalyzes the formation of tartronic semialdehyde (TSA) from glyoxylate was found to be present. A further utilization of TSA via the glycerate pathway appeared to be unlikely, since no glycerate kinase could be demonstrated. However, an enzymatic tautomerisation of TSA to hydroxypyruvate (HP) was observed in the extracts. Methods for the detection of this enzyme were described. The presence of enzymes, catalyzing the synthesis of pyruvate from HP via serine indicated that the observed enzymatic conversion of TSA to HP might participate in the formation of C3-compounds from glyoxylate in this microorganism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689976
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tryptophanase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio K-7 synthesis, purification, and some chemical catalytic properties (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Tryptophanase ; Vibrio ; Marine Vibrio ; Bacteria ; Enzyme ; Tryptophan ; Indole ; Amino acid ; Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The conditions for synthesis, purification, and properties of tryptophanase by a marine organism (Vibrio K-7) were studied. Tryptophanase was induced by tryptophan and its analogs, and partially repressed by 0.5% glucose or glycerol. NaCl (0.4M) was required for optimal growth and tryptophanase activity in whole cells. The enzyme was purified to 92% homogeneity by heat treatment, hydroxyapatite chromatography and fractionation with ammonium sulfate. This tryptophanase has been found to have kinetic properties similar to the tryptophanase from other microorganisms. It carries out both α, β-elimination reactions (using tryptophan, serine, cysteine and S-methyl-cysteine as substrates) and β-replacement reactions (forming tryptophan from indole and serine, cysteine or S-methyl-cysteine). The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 9.2S and requires pyridoxal 5′-phosphate as a cofactor. The optimal pH for the tryptophanase reaction is pH 8.0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411356
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for lignin degrading bacteria by means of 14C-labelled lignins (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lignin biodegradation ; Bacteria ; Nocardia spp. ; Pseudomonas spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several Nocardia and Pseudomonas spp., as well as some unidentified bacteria, isolated from lake water containing high loads of waste lignin, were tested for their capacity to release 14CO2 from specifically 14C-labelled dehydropolymer of coniferyl alcohol (DHP) or corn stalk lignins. The bacteria were selected according to their ability to degrade phenolic compounds. However, only some of them could release significant amounts of 14CO2 from the labelled lignin. The tested Nocardia spp. were more active than the Pseudomonas spp. and the unidentified bacteria. The most active strains belonged to N. autotrophica. These strains released CO2 significantly from the methoxyl group and transformed the other carbons from the phenylpropane skeleton of lignin also into CO2. Other less demethylating strains also released little CO2 from the other carbons of the lignin molecule. From corn stalk materials which were specifically labelled in the lignin part only small amounts of labelled CO2 were released.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407936
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energieabhängige 63Ni-Aufnahme bei Alcaligenes eutrophus Stamm H 1 und H 16 (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nickel accumulation ; Bacteria ; Heavy metal transport ; 63Nickel isotope ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Chemolithotrophy ; Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria ; Active transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Aufnahme von 63Ni wurde an zwei Stämmen von Alcaligenes eutrophus untersucht, die Nickelionen für das chemolithotrophe Wachstum benötigen. Mit Kohlendioxid als einziger Kohlenstoffquelle wird das Wachstum durch niedrige Konzentrationen von Nickel gefördert, wobei das Optimum der Wachstumsförderung bei 0,3 μM Nickel lag. Höhere Nickelkonzentrationen wirkten hemmend. Das heterotrophe Wachstum mit Fructose wurde durch Nickelionen nicht gefördert. — Übertragen in Phosphatpuffer, der von Schwermetallionen befreit worden war, zeigten autotroph gewachsene Zellen eine rasche Aufnahme von 63Ni, sofern Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und Kohlendioxid zugegen waren. Dabei wurde Nickel innerhalb von 60 min aus dem umgebenden Medium bis zur 280 fachen Konzentration in den Zellen angehäuft. Die beobachtete Ni-Aufnahme zeigte ein Temperaturoptimum bei etwa 29° C und wurde durch Hemmstoffe wie Arsenit, Jodacetat, Methylenblau, Natriumazid und Natriumcyanid stark beeinträchtigt. Andere Schwermetallionen (Zn, Co, Mn und Cu) verminderten die Nickelaufnahme nur geringfügig. Durch 58NiCl2 und Toluol wurde der Efflux von 63Ni aus den Zellen gefördert. Die Beobachtungen lassen darauf schließen, daß Nickelionen durch einen energieabhängigen Prozeß in chemolithotroph gewachsenen Zellen dieser Stämme angehäuft werden.
    Notes: Abstract Kinetic studies of the uptake of 63Ni were undertaken with two strains of Alcaligenes eutrophus, known to require nickel ions for chemolithotrophic growth. Using carbon dioxide as sole carbon source, growth is stimulated by low concentrations of nickel with optimum concentration for growth stimulation at about 0.3 μM nickel. Higher nickel concentrations were inhibitory. Heterotrophic growth on fructose was not stimulated by nickel ions.-Upon transfer into phosphate buffer freed of heavy metal ions, autotrophically grown cells exhibited rapid uptake of 63Ni which was dependent upon th presence of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Within 60 min nickel was accumulated from the medium, reaching 280-fold concentration in the cells. The observed uptake exhibited a temperature optimum at about 29° C and was markedly inhibited by metabolic inhibitors such as arsenite, iodoacetate, methylene-blue, sodium azide and sodium cyanide. Other heavy metal ions (Zn, Co, Mn and Cu) only slightly inhibited 63Ni-uptake. The efflux of 63Ni from the cells was stimulated by 58NiCl2 and by toluene. These data indicate that nickel ions are accumulated by an energy dependent mechanism in chemolithotrophically grown cells of these strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428595
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between lindane and microbes in soils (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 105 (1975), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lindane ; Soil Microorganisms ; Interaction ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Respiration ; Chloride ; Degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three lindane (γ-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) treated soils were studied under laboratory conditions to determine the interaction between lindane and the soil microorganisms. Microbial populations and respiration were monitored to study insecticide effects. Formation of lindane degradation products and chloride content were examined to determine effects of the microorganisms. Some populations in lindane treated soils showed temporary declines but all ultimately recovered to at least the level of the controls in 16 weeks. Respiration was stimulated over a 9-week period especially in the sandy and clay loams, suggesting the possibility of microbial degradation of the insecticide. Lindane degradation products separated and identified by TLC included γ-2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (γ-PCCH), α-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (α-TCCH), γ-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (γ-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Chloride production increased in soils treated with higher levels of lindane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447127
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of selenium in bacterial cells using TEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Selenium ; Bacteria ; Intracellular deposits ; Intranuclear fibrillary aggregates ; TEM ; X-ray microanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria isolated from lake sediment samples reduced sodium selenite to elemental selenium. Finestructural observations were made on a number of different bacterial species cultured in the presence of sodium selenite. Examination of Escherichia coli and a Pseudomonas species revealed electron-dense deposits of irregular shape, composed of smaller units, within the cytoplasm but not on the cell wall and cell membrane. Cells of Aeromonas and Flavobacterium species exhibited conspicuous intranuclear fibrillary aggregates and different electron-dense inclusions. It appeared that the membrane structures were somewhat more easily stained in some bacterial cells after growth on agar plates containing sodium selenite. The deposits and fibrillary accumulations were interpreted to contain selenium on the basis of energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Control preparations and cells grown in the presence of sodium selenate were void of any fine-structural abnormalities. Alterations in fine structure are discussed in relation to the metabolism of selenium by bacterial cells and possible sites of inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427860
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotaxonomic significance of the xanthomonadins, novel brominated aryl-polyene pigments produced by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Xanthomonas ; Bacteria ; Phytopathogens ; Pigments ; Xanthomonadins ; Isobutyl xanthomonadins ; Mass spectra ; Taxonomy ; Chemotaxonomy ; Brominated ; Aryl-polyenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell pigments produced by strains of Xanthomonas spp. (including representatives of all five presently recognized taxospecies of these phytopathogenic bacteria) have been isolated as isobutyl esters, purified, and characterized in terms of electronic absorption, chromatographic and co-chromatographic, and mass spectrometric properties. This comparative examination reveals that these bacteria produce brominated aryl-polyene pigments which are given the trivial name “xanthomonadins”. The several xanthomonadins usually occur as mixtures which have been resolved by chromatography and sorted into several Pigment Groups, thus enabling a more rational approach in our on-going systematic study of their exact chemical structures and biosynthesis. From what is presently known, some of the xanthomonadins might differ from xanthomonadin I, the exact structure of which has previously been determined in material from Xanthomonas juglandis ICPB XJ103, by their being monobrominated (rather than dibrominated, as is xanthomonadin I), by their having the equivalent of one methyl group less than does xanthomonadin I, and/or in other ways. The pigments of Xanthomonas ampelina (a little known and possibly questionable member of this genus) seem somewhat different from the pigments of the other Xanthomonas spp. The ability to form these distinctive xanthomonadin pigments is a useful chemotaxonomic marker for the genus Xanthomonas, since such pigments are not known to be formed by taxonomically or ecologically adjacent bacteria. Sufficient characterization of this assemblage of xanthomonadin pigments is presented so that they can be isolated and identified routinely on the basis of the aforementioned properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428572
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