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  • Articles  (374)
  • Column liquid chromatography  (349)
  • Bacteria
  • Dissolved organic carbon
  • Springer  (374)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 1985-1989  (374)
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  • Articles  (374)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of plant-bacterial-amoebal interactions on plant uptake of nitrogen under field conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Protozoa ; Naked amoebae ; Soil ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Ammonium excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Bacterial biomass and numbers of bacterivorous naked amoebae were estimated daily in soil associated with barley roots and, to avoid the influence of roots, in soil from a field in its fifth summer under bare fallow. The estimates were associated with two rainfall events and were started just before the first. Increases in bacteria were observed after each rainfall, and bacterial production was about the same size for both treatments. A peak in naked amoebae followed each burst of bacterial production in the root-associated soil, whereas in the fallowed soil protozoan production was low after the first rainfall and undetectable after the second. The bacterial populations in the fallowed soil had yet to decline by the end of the 12-day study, probably because grazing pressure by protozoa was low. Calculations based (1) on short-term decreases in bacterial biomass in soil close to roots or (2) on the amount of C added to the soil by plants over the growing season indicated that N released via bacterial-protozoan interactions contributed 10%–17% of the N taken up by the fertilized barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263171
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil microbial effects of a Cu-Ni smelter in southwestern Finland (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Soil respiration ; Litter decomposition ; Fungal hyphal length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of a Cu-Ni smelter on the soil microbial parameters: physiological groups of bacteria, soil respiration, fungal hyphal length, and green-needle litter decomposition, were investigated. The microbial parameters were reduced and this was significantly explained (P〈0.01) by the supplied environmental variables: exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, soil moisture, pH, and organic C as loss on ignition (Canoco, RDA-analysis). The importance of measuring exchangeable cations for major and trace elements appeared to be a relevant factor that must be considered when establishing relationships between microbial populations, their activity and the effect of heavy metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260522
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition and soil biota after reclamation of coal mine spoils in an arid region (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Decomposition ; Mine spoil reclamation ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Protozoans ; Nematodes ; Microarthropods ; Nitrogen immobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We compared soil biota and buried wheat straw decomposition on sites subject to topsoiling plus straw mulch reclamation procedures 1–4 years prior to our study and on an unmined site. Rates of straw decomposition were highest on the unmined site. Decomposition rates were higher on the 1- and 2-year-old sites than on the 3- and 4-year-old reclaimed spoil. Microarthropod population densities and number of taxa were greater from decomposing straw on the unmined site and lowest from straw on the 1- and 2-year-old areas. Soil bacteria, fungi, and protozoan populations on buried straw on the oldest reclaimed sites were generally equal to those on the unmined area. Nematode populations on buried straw in the unmined site and 1- and 2-year-old reclaimed sites were similar. Populations of denitrifying bacteria were larger on recently reclaimed sites than on 3- and 4-year-old sites. Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization varied as a function of the diversity and abundance of soil microarthropods. Soil microfauna can serve as an index of soil development in a disturbed arid soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256986
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-facilitated dispersal of inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soils (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 58-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Rhizobia ; Transport ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Water movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies were performed to assess the influence of percolating water and an advancing wetting front on the transport of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in sand and silt loam soils, and to assess the influence of clay content on water-facilitated dispersal of these bacteria in a sand amended with various amounts of kaolin. The data obtained showed that movement of B. japonicum in soil was dependent upon water movement and that both percolating water and an advancing wetting front readily transported bacteria in coarse-textured soils. Percolation with the equivalent of 10 cm of rainfall dispersed B. japonicum throughout 40-cm columns containing sand and silt loam soils. Percolation with 5 cm of water was sufficient to disperse B. japonicum throughout 20-cm columns of these soils but did not transport these bacteria below the surface 4 cm of a sand amended with 12% kaolin. Our finding that cells of B. japonicum are readily transported by an advancing wetting front indicates that non-saturated flow of soil water contributes to dispersal of inoculum in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260733
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial populations, enzyme activities and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium enrichment in earthworm casts and in the surrounding soil of a pineapple plantation (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 178-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Earthworm casts ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; N, P, K ; Organic C ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Urease activity ; Phosphatase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Total populations of bacteria and fungi, dehydrogenase activity (as a measure of total potential microbial activity), and urease and phosphatase activities were determined in earthworm casts and surrounding laterite soils planted to pineapple. The casts contained higher microbial populations and enzyme activities than the soil. Except for fungal populations, statistically significant (P = 0.05) increases were found in all other parameters. Microbial populations and enzyme activities showed similar temporal trends with higher values in spring and summer and lower values in winter. The earthworm casts contained higher amounts of N, P, K and organic C than the soil (P = 0.05). Selective feeding by earthworms on organically rich substrates, which break down during passage through the gut, is likely to be responsible for the higher microbial populations and greater enzyme activity in the casts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257763
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological characterization and nitrate reduction in subsurface soils (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil profiles ; Subsurface ; Microbial biomass ; Bacteria ; Microbial activity ; CO2 evolution ; Nitrate reduction ; N2O evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two borings (20 m depth) were performed in a sandy-clayey soil over a limestone bed and in a sandy soil with lumps of clay in some depths. Bacteria were found in the deeper soil layers of both profiles. The methods used to detect bacteria were those normally used for topsoil layers, plate counts of bacteria, ATP content, and direct microscopy. Measurements of CO2 evolution showed that the potential for bacterial activity was present in all depths of the two profiles. However, the activity was strongly dependent on the presence of easily available organic C. An indication of the denitrification potential was obtained by measuring the N2O evolution. Under aerobic incubation without the addition of glucose, N2O was detected only in the topsoil. When glucose was added to the soil samples, N2O was found at a low level in the deeper soil layers. Under anaerobic incubation, N2O was detected in all deeper layers, and increased markedly when glucose was added to the soil samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266479
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abiotic controls on the functional structure of soil food webs (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Fungi ; Protozoans ; Nematodes ; Mites ; Water potential ; “Cryptobiosis” ; Anhydrobiosis ; Trophic structure ; Food web
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis that the trophic structure of soil food webs changes as a result of the abiotic environment was examined by reviewing studies of soil biota. In dry soils with a water potential below −1.5 MPa, most bacteria, protozoans, and many species of nematodes are not active. These taxa persist in the soil in a state of anhydrobiosis. Because soil fungi grow at soil water potentials of −6.0 to −8.0 MPa, soil food webs in dry environments appear to be fungal-based and fungal grazers in dry environments appear to be predominantly fungiphagous mites. There is indirect evidence that some species of fungiphagous mites remain inactive in dry soils in a state of “cryptobiosis”. In habitats where there is insufficient vegetative cover to shade and modify the soil surface, the functional soil food web consists of fungi and a few taxa of soil acari for extended periods of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of protozoa on the availability of bacterial nitrogen to plants (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Protozoa ; Predation ; Nitrogen ; Mineralization ; Plant uptake ; Soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Microbial N from 15N-labelled bacterial biomass was investigated in a microcosm experiment, in order to determine its availability to wheat plants. Sterilized soil was inoculated with either bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone or with a suspension of a natural bacterial population from the soil) or bacteria and protozoa to examine the impact of protozoa. Plant biomass, plant N, soil inorganic N and bacterial and protozoan numbers were determined after 14 and 35 days of incubation. The protozoa reduced bacterial numbers in soil by a factor of 8, and higher contents of soil inorganic N were found in their presence. Plant uptake of N increased by 20010 in the presence of protozoa. Even though the total plant biomass production was not affected, the shoot: root ratios increased in the presence of protozoa, which is considered to indicate an improved plant nutrient supply. The presence of protozoa resulted in a 65010 increase in mineralization and uptake of bacterial 15N by plants. This effect was more pronounced than the protozoan effect on N derived from soil organic matter. It is concluded that grazing by protozoa strongly stimulates the mineralization and turnover of bacterial N. The mineralization of soil organic N was also shown to be promoted by protozoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260510
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular clocks and evolutionary relationships: Possible distortions due to horizontal gene flow (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 26 (1987), S. 16-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Relative rate test ; Globin genes ; Cytochromes ; Pseudogenes ; Coadaptation ; Viruses ; Viral host range ; Bacteria ; Songbirds ; Apes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper discusses recent evidence suggesting that genetic information from one species occasionally transfers to another remotely related species. Besides addressing the issue of whether or not the molecular data are consistent with a wide-spread influence of horizontal gene transfer, the paper shows that horizontal gene flow would not necessarily preclude a linear molecular clock or change the rate of molecular evolution (assuming the neutral allele theory). A pervasive influence of horizontal gene transfer is more than just consistent with the data of molecular evolution, it also provides a unique explanation for a number of possibly conflicting phylogenies and contradictory clocks. This phenomenon might explain why some protein clocks are linear while the superoxide dismutase clock is not, how the molecular data on the phylogeny of apes and Australian song birds are not necessarily in conflict with those based on morphology, and, finally, why the mycoplasmas have an accelerated molecular clock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111278
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between rhizoplane and rhizosphere bacteria and verticillium wilt resistance in potato (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1985), S. 347-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Antagonists ; Verticillium dahliae ; Potato cultivars ; Resistance ; Populations ; Quantitative ; Qualitative-Roots ; Soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six cultivars and breeding lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum) differing in susceptibility to verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae were studied with respect to quantitative and qualitative differences in the bacterial flora of their soil and rhizosphere-rhizoplane. Although, no association was observed between the types of bacteria that inhabited the soil or roots of wilt resistant and susceptible cultivars, quantitative differences were evident. These differences provide the first direct evidence that potato genotypes can influence bacterial populations. Bacterial populations were 9–25-fold higher on roots than in the adjacent soil. As the plants aged, the total number of rootcolonizing bacteria increased between 15 and 245%. Pseudomonas spp. were the most abundant microbes in the soil and rhizosphere-rhizoplane. The bacteria antagonistic to V. dahliae in vitro were identified as members of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Gluconobacter. A statistically significant trend was evident toward the association of antagonistic bacteria with the more resistant potato cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446976
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