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  • Articles  (10)
  • Sustainable development  (10)
  • Springer  (10)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (10)
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  • Articles  (10)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (10)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (10)
  • Economics  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation model for developing, implementing, and assessing conservation education programs: Examples from Belize and Costa Rica (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Conservation education ; Program evaluation ; Environmental education ; Park interpretation ; Resource management ; Sustainable development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Evaluation of conservation education programs can: (1) provide accountability in demonstrating a program's worth, (2) offer an opportunity for receiving feedback and improving programs, (3) further our understanding of the process of program development, and (4) promote conservation education by substantiating claims about its benefits. The Planning-Process-Product systems evaluation model provides feedback needed for making decisions about the development, implementation, and outcome of a program. Planning evaluation was useful in assessing the needs, goals, opportunities, and constraints of a number of programs in Costa Rica and Belize, such as a forestry education project and a zoo outreach program. It provided a basis for making planning decisions incorporating specific objectives, such as the reforestation of a region or a change in knowledge and attitudes in program participants. Process evaluation provided a Costa Rican sustainable development program with feedback during its implementation and enabled it to modify and improve its newsletter for local farmers and its ecology classes for school children. Product evaluation assessed project accomplishments, such as the $700,000 raised by the Children's Rainforest group and the 20 miles of riparian land under conservation management as part of the Belize Community Baboon Sanctuary project. Outcomes are compared with the programs original monetary or land management objectives to determine the success of the programs and to provide feedback for improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393846
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical conceptual plan to reforest central Himalaya for sustainable development (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Central Himalaya ; Sustainable development ; Deforestation ; Subsistence economy ; Ecosystem linkages ; Energy ; Agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Central Himalayan region is suffering from severe ecological problems as a consequence of deforestation and that threatens the subsistence population of the region. We analyze this problem and propose a plan for ecologically sustainable development for the region based on an analysis of the interrelationships of various ecosystems, particularly cropland and forest ecosystems, around which most human activities are concentrated. Each energy unit of agronomic yield leads to expenditure of about 12 energy units of forest/grazing land energy. Because with rapidly declining forest area, this form of agriculture is no longer sustainable and cannot be converted into a fossil fuel-based agriculture, we propose that agriculture in the mountain region has to be largely replaced with farm forests to revitalize the environment and to generate the basic needs of the subsistence economy of the hill population whose food grain needs can be met from the plains. We conclude by describing the advantages that are likely to accrue to the people for their long-term future. In terms of both energy and money, the value of resources collected from the forest to support agriculture in the present systems far exceeds the value of food grain that would be required to enable the proposed farm forest-based systems to function. At regional level, the proposed system would generate more energy than the existing systems, not only because the productivity of forest is about tenfold greater than that of cropland, but also because the proposed plan promotes recovery of various ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393883
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial systems approach to sustainable development: A conceptual framework (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental management 17 (1993), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Development ; Environment ; Environmental accounting ; Resource ; Spatial System ; Sustainability ; Sustainable development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Even though “sustainable development” seems to have emerged as the development paradigm of the 1990s, a great deal of vagueness still surrounds the meaning, definition, and theoretical underpinnings of the concept. There is also a general lack of emphasis on the spatial dimension of sustainable development when developing relevant conceptual or environmental accounting frameworks. In clarifying the concept, this article proposes a definition that explicitly incorporates the temporal as well as the spatial dimension of sustainability. It also develops a logically consistent conceptual framework for the analysis and evaluation of sustainable development, following a spatial systems approach. Five interconnected aspatial subsystems or subsets of a spatial system are identified and their respective operational dimensions discussed. A proposed composite index calleddegree of stainable development (DSD) and its five component indicators are also outlined. The difficulties involved in operationalizing the DSD measure and the conceptual framework are noted, and the various tasks that need to be undertaken in this regard are specified. It is concluded that future research utilizing the proposed conceptual framework should not only foster the development of appropriate methodologies for the comparative evaluation of sustainable development at global, national, or regional scales, but also offer insights to appropriate decision makers at various levels regarding available options and alternative actions for the healthy development of their respective societies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394688
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Doubling sockeye salmon production in the Fraser River—Is this sustainable development? (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental management 17 (1993), S. 719-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Sockeye salmon ; Oncorhynchus nerka ; Fraser River ; Sustainable development ; Salmon production ; Fisheries management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We evaluate a proposal to double sockeye salmon production from the Fraser River and conclude that significant changes will be required to current management processes, particularly the way available catch is allocated, if the plan is to be consistent with five major principles embodied in the concept of sustainable development. Doubling sockeye salmon production will not, in itself, increase economic equity either regionally or globally. Developing nations may actually be hindered in their attempts to institute other, nonsalmon fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean as a result of the possible interception of salmon. Further, other users of the Fraser River basin will have to forgo opportunities so that salmon habitat can be conserved. If doubling sockeye salmon production is to meet the goal of doing more with less, it will be necessary to develop more efficient technologies to harvest the fish. If increasing salmon production is to reflect the integration of environmental and economic decision making at the highest level, then a serious attempt must be made to incorporate environmental assets into national economic accounting. Finally, to promote biodiversity and cultural self-sufficiency within the Fraser River basin, it will be important to safeguard the small, less-productive salmon stocks as well as the large ones and to allocate a substantial portion of the increased production to the Native Indian community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393892
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon sequestration, biological diversity, and sustainable development: Integrated forest management (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Integrated forest management ; Carbon ; Greenhouse gas ; Biodiversity ; Sustainable development ; Tropical forestry ; Socioeconomic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Tropical deforestation provides a significant contribution to anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration that may lead to global warming. Forestation and other forest management options to sequester CO2 in the tropical latitudes may fail unless they address local economic, social, environmental, and political needs of people in the developing world. Forest management is discussed in terms of three objectives: carbon sequestration, sustainable development, and biodiversity conservation. An integrated forest management strategy of land-use planning is proposed to achieve these objectives and is centered around: preservation of primary forest, intensified use of nontimber resources, agroforestry, and selective use of plantation forestry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustainability in context: An Australian perspective (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental management 14 (1990), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Sustainable development ; Policy ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This article examines the concept of sustainability (sustainable development, sustainable societies) with a view to providing a means of considering the idea in such a way as to be more useful to concerns of policy. A brief background is given, covering the historical development of the concept, the constituent ecological and social concerns that lie behind it, and some aspects of the sustainability debate in Australia. Some attributes of a sustainable future, as evident from the literature, are listed. The value base of the concept is recognized, and the correct place for sustainability concerns is identified within a simple policy-making model. The complexity of such a model in the real world is explored using a list of thecontexts of sustainability, illustrated with examples from Australian natural resource management. Finally, the more dynamic and flexible nature of patterns of production and consumption in more sustainable societies is recognized and explained, as are two guiding directives to be applied in the search for models which display characteristics of sustainability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394197
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in a petrified forest and implications towards management (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental management 16 (1992), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Petrified forest ; Conservation ; Sustainable development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Gallatin Petrified Forest of Montana, USA, is a unique resource. The extensive area of the fossil forests, the numerous petrified trees in upright positions, and the large number of vertical layers of “successive” forests are unparalleled in the world. Collection by permit is permitted, but damage to the petrified forest by indiscriminate collection occurs. To assess the impact, a comparative examination of replicate (over 13 yr) photography of selected specimens was undertaken. The amount of change over time, the possible cause of change, and the relationship of the location of the specimen to that amount of change were determined. It was found that although considerable loss continues, impacts prior to a 1973 collection policy were most severe. There was more loss by natural erosion than by collection, but the collections are additive to the natural changes. Size of petrified outcrops and the steepness of the slope on which they were found did correlate with the amount of natural change occurring over time. Human-induced change was associated with the distance of the outcrops from the main trailheads and the specimen size. This method provides a tool with which to monitor impacts and develop a future policy aimed towards conservation of a unique resource in light of the need for appreciative recreation and some specimen collection. Recommended changes in present management policy are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393823
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental planning, ecosystem science, and ecosystem approaches for integrating environment and development (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental management 17 (1993), S. 289-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Ecosystems ; Ecosystem approach ; Sustainable development ; Regional planning ; Environmental planning ; Human ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Currently popular concepts such as sustainable development and sustainability seek the integration of environment and development planning. However, there is little evidence that this integration is occurring in either mainstream development planning or environmental planning. This is a function of the history, philosophies, and evolved roles of both. A brief review of the experience and results of mainstream planning, environmental planning, and ecosystem science suggests there is much in past scientific and professional practice that is relevant to the goal of integrated planning for environment and development, but still such commonly recommended reforms as systems and multidisciplinary approaches, institutional integration, and participatory, goal-oriented processes are rarely achieved. “Ecosystem approaches,” as developed and applied in ecology, human ecology, environmental planning, anthropology, psychology, and other disciplines, may provide a more transdisciplinary route to successful integration of environment and development. Experience with ecosystem approaches is reviewed, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and they are compared to traditional urban and regional planning, environmental planning, and ecosystem science approaches. Ultimately a synthesis of desirable characteristics for a framework to integrate environment and development planning is presented as a guide for future work and a criterion for evaluating existing programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394672
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brazilian Amazonia: Industrial development and environmental monitoring (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 597-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Environmental monitoring ; Amazonia ; Remote sensing ; Sustainable development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract After a critical analysis of the strategies for conservation of the environment in Latin America and of large-scale development projects (agriculture and livestock raising, mining and electrical power plants) in the Amazon region of Brazil, this paper deals with the use of high-resolution satellite imagery for environmental monitoring. Two areas were considered in the study, Tucurui and Altamira. Spot/XS and Landsat/TM multispectral images were used, together with color aerial photographs of these areas. A computer-assisted visual interpretation procedure was employed to analyze images, and linear multispectral transformation was applied in selected subscenes in order to improve information extraction. The results indicate that high-resolution satellite imagery is generally compatible with the scale of the environmental problems in Amazonia and is a very efficient source of detailed information at a local scale on many aspects of the environment, in particular for monitoring changes over time in selected areas. Therefore, commercial satellite imagery, processed by specialized software, can accommodate a variety of analysis needs for decision makers and can also be an effective means of verification of international agreements on conservation of the environment in Amazonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02400862
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A framework for modelling economy-environment-development relationships based on dynamic carrying capacity and sustainable development feedback (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 3 (1993), S. 395-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: Sustainable development ; dynamic models ; growth theory ; integrated modelling ; carrying capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A large literature exists that deals with economic issues of development and growth. It includes various approaches that can be classified as formal-theoretical, empirical-statistical and qualitative-verbal. Recently, the issue of sustainable development has been discussed much, which has given rise to some novel views on the relationship between development and environment. Most of these contributions utilize a more or less qualitative approach. A comprehensive inquiry of the relationship between economy, development, growth and environment may include an analytical approach as well. An analytical framework is proposed here for studies of environment-economy-development relationships that separates between economy, development, environment, and value system. A distinction is made between direct and indirect economy-environment interactions. To overcome disadvantages of assumptions of determinism in long term analysis a sustainable development feedback mechanism is proposed. It reflects anticipative behaviour to natural environmental changes in making long term decisions. This can be seen as a specific element of endogenous growth, namely one based on environmental factors. To illustrate the ideas a number of theoretical models are discussed that can be regarded as dynamic formal extensions of the concept of carrying capacity. Different cases include combinations of internal and external feedback mechanisms to an economy. The results demonstrate that in addition to behaviourial patterns that have been obtained by more complex studies other patterns may emerge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418819
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