ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Historische Gärten sind als denkmalgeschützte Kulturgüter wertvolle Zeugnisse unserer Zivilisation. Wie lassen sie sich unter veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen bewahren? Anhand von vier historischen Gartenanlagen wird der natürliche, kulturelle und soziale Rahmen analysiert, in den die "Bilder" des Gartens eingeschrieben sind. Welche Handlungsoptionen bestehen jedoch, wenn Pflanzen oder Bäume den standörtlichen Gegebenheiten nicht mehr angepasst sind? Vertreter aus den Natur-, Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften sowie der Gartendenkmalpflege stellen erstmals gemeinsam Lösungsstrategien für die Bewahrung historischer Gärten als Gesamtkunstwerke unter dem Vorzeichen des Klimawandels vor.

Description / Table of Contents: The improvement of measurement and particularly surveying technologies results in a large as well as rapidly increasing amount of spatial data. These data stem from various measurement techniques as well as platforms and, therefore, may compile quite different densities, qualities, and error characteristics. Effective tools are required to understand and interpret them. The challenges include efficient processing, robustness against data flows and uncertainty, rationality of modeling, and the potential of automation and learning. This thesis presents an exploration of the use of statistical models and related techniques in spatial data analysis. The foundation of the methodology employed in the scope of this thesis consists of Bayesian statistics and Markov models. Selected approaches conceived by the author, including 3D building reconstruction, semantic building classification, pattern recognition in trajectories, and segmentation of RGBD data, demonstrate their potential in spatial data modeling and interpretation.

Description / Table of Contents: combines the latest in weather, climate and earth science to introduce students to the concepts and current issues of meteorology. Grounded in the scientific method, the new edition of this highly visual text shows students how to observe, calculate and synthesize information as budding scientists. Specific discussions center on severe weather systems like tornadoes and hurricanes, as well as everyday elements like wind, precipitation and the seasons. The MindTap course provides students with engaging features such as Concept Animations, a digital Study Guide, and summative EOC assessment. New assignable Case Study activities in each chapter allow students to apply their knowledge to real life studies and meteorological events.

Description / Table of Contents: Die moderne Wissenschaft hat tiefgreifend unser Verständnis der Natur geprägt. In den letzten drei Jahrhunderten bildete diese Idee der Natur den Hintergrund all unseres Tuns. Aufgrund der ökologischen Folgen des menschlichen Handelns tritt die Natur jedoch heute aus dem Hintergrund auf die Bühne, wie Bruno Latour in seinem faszinierenden Buch zeigt. Die Luft, die Meere, die Gletscher, das Klima, die Böden, alles interagiert mit uns. Wir haben die Epoche der Geohistorie betreten, das Zeitalter des Anthropozäns – mit dem Risiko eines Krieges aller gegen alle. Die alte Natur verschwindet und weicht einem Wesen, das schwierig zu bestimmen ist. Es ist alles andere als stabil und besteht aus einer Reihe von Feedbackschleifen in ständiger Bewegung. Gaia ist sein Name. Latour argumentiert, dass die komplexe und mehrdeutige Gaia-Hypothese, wie sie von James Lovelock entwickelt wurde, ein idealer Weg ist, um die ethischen, politischen, theologischen und wissenschaftlichen Aspekte des nunmehr veralteten Begriffs der Natur zu entwirren. Er legt den Grundstein für eine zukünftige Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaftlern, Theologen, Aktivisten und Künstlern, während wir beginnen, mit dem neuen Klimaregime zu leben.

Description / Table of Contents: Derived from an undergraduate course taught by the author, this accessible book seeks to challenge and provoke readers by posing a series of topical questions concerning climate change and society. Topic summaries provide answers to technical, socio-economic and moral questions surrounding the deployment of climate science. These include how to build and test a climate model, whom and what is most at risk from climate change, and whether we should geoengineer the climate. Practical exercises and case studies provide deeper insights by taking readers through role-play activities and authentic climate change projects. Supporting materials, including notes for instructors and students, graphics, video-clips, games, and online resources, offer scope for further private study and group work. With a focus on applying climate science in practice, this book is ideal for students of geography, natural science, engineering and economics, as well as practitioners involved in the climate service industry

Description / Table of Contents: The book summarizes the knowledge and experiences concerning the role of halogens during various geochemical processes, such as diagenesis, ore-formation, magma evolution, metasomatism, mineralization, and metamorphism in the crust and mantle of the Earth. It comprises the role of halogens in other terrestrial worlds like volatile-rich asteroids, Mars, and the ice moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Review chapters outline and expand upon the basis of our current understanding regarding how halogens contribute to the geochemical/geophysical evolution and stability of terrestrial worlds overall.

Description / Table of Contents: Teil 1: Globale Klimaprojektionen und regionale Projektionen für Deutschland und Europa -- Teil 2: Klimawandel in Deutschland: Regionale Besonderheiten und Extreme -- Teil 3: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in Deutschland -- Teil 4: Übergreifende Risiken und Unsicherheiten -- Teil 5: Integrierte Strategien zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel

Description / Table of Contents: Erstmals trägt dieses nationale Assessment den Forschungsstand zum Klimawandel umfassend für alle Themenbereiche und gesellschaftlichen Sektoren zusammen. Womit müssen wir in Deutschland rechnen, welche Auswirkungen werden die Klimaveränderungen auf Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft haben, und wie können wir uns wappnen? 126 Autoren aus ganz Deutschland äußern sich zu Themen wie bereits beobachtete und zukünftige Veränderungen, Wetterkatastrophen und deren Folgen, den Projektionen für die Zukunft, den Risiken sowie möglichen Anpassungsstrategien. Die Autoren stellen in verständlicher Sprache den aktuellen Forschungsstand dar und veranschaulichen die wichtigsten Gedanken in Grafiken und Tabellen. Alle Texte wurden mehrfach wissenschaftlich begutachtet. Klimawandel in Deutschland ist die erste Gesamtschau zu dem Themenkomplex, benennt offene Fragestellungen und liefert eine Grundlage für Entscheidungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Klimawandel. Deutschland reiht sich damit ein in die Liste von Ländern wie die Vereinigten Staaten, Österreich und Großbritannien, in denen derartige Berichte bereits vorliegen. Die Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Guy Brasseur und Prof. Dr. Daniela Jacob, ehemaliger Direktor und gegenwärtige Direktorin des Climate Center Germany/Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, und Susanne Schuck-Zöller, die auch die Projektleitung übernommen hat, werden bei diesem Buch unterstützt von einem Editorial Board, dem elf herausragende Wissenschaftler aus den wichtigsten Klimaforschungseinrichtungen in Deutschland angehören

Description / Table of Contents: With the ever increasing spatial resolution in the characterization of microstructures, textures and chemical as well as isotopic patterns and the continuously improving sensitivity and precision in mineral chemical and isotopic analysis, increasing evidence has emerged indicating that phase relations in rocks from high-temperature environments may be modified during exhumation and cooling and that the original equilibrium phase relations may not have been preserved or that equilibrium may never have been attained fully even at high temperatures. This volume accompanies an EMU School intended bring contemporary research on mineral reaction kinetics to the attention of young researchers and to put it into the context of recent developments in related disciplines. The school and the accompanying volume cannot give a comprehensive review of the current state of geomaterials research. Rather a selection of topics, methods and concepts, which the contributors deem currently most relevant and instructive, is presented. The aim is to provide a methodologically sound insight into the theoretical foundations of mineral reaction kinetics, to help students to become acquainted with contemporary methods in experimentation and analytical techniques, and to give worked examples that illustrate recent advances in geoscience based on an improved characterization and understanding of mineral and rock systems.

Description / Table of Contents: This work summarizes the historical progression of the field of lithium (Li) isotope studies and provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the research applications toward which they have been directed. In synthesizing the historical and current research, the volume also suggests prospective future directions of study. Not even a full decade has passed since the publication of a broadly inclusive summary of Li isotope research around the globe (Tomascak, 2004). In this short time, the use of this isotope system in the investigation of geo- and cosmochemical questions has increased dramatically, due, in part, to the advent of new analytical technology at the end of the last millennium. Lithium, as a light element that forms low-charge, moderate-sized ions, manifests a number of chemical properties that make its stable isotope system useful in a wide array of geo- and cosmochemical research fields.  

Description / Table of Contents: Mapping Environments and Exposures of the WorldMapping Earthquake Risk of the World -- Mapping Volcano Risk of the World -- Mapping Landslide Risk of the World -- Mapping Flood Risk of the World -- Mapping Storm Surge Risk of the World -- Mapping Sand-dust Storm Risk of the World -- Mapping Tropical Cyclone Wind Risk of the World -- Mapping Heat Wave Risk of the World -- Mapping Cold Wave Risk of the World -- Mapping Drought Risk (Maize) of the World -- Mapping Drought Risk (Wheat) of the World -- Mapping Drought Risk (Rice) of the World -- Mapping Forest Wildfire Risk of the World -- Mapping Grassland Wildfire Risk of the World -- Mapping Multi-hazard Risk of the World.

Description / Table of Contents: This is the first English-language atlas to systematically introduce the environment, hazard, vulnerability and risk mapping for 11 natural disasters, i.e. earthquake, volcano, landslide, flood, storm surge, sand-dust storm, tropical cyclone, heat wave, cold wave, drought and wildfire, and risk mapping for multi-hazard disaster in the world. The above 11 hazards are assessed and mapped at grid unit, comparable-geographic unit and national unit, and the multi-hazard is assessed and mapped at grid unit and national unit. The expected annual mortality and/or affected population risks and expected annual economic loss and/or affected property risk of 11 hazards and multi-hazard of the world at national level are unprecedentedly derived and ranked. The atlas can be a good reference for researchers and students in the field of natural disaster risk management and risk governance, and enterpriser and risk manager as well to understand the global natural disaster risk. Prof. Peijun Shi works at Beijing Normal University, China; Prof. Roger Kasperson works at Clark University, USA.

Description / Table of Contents: Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, Third Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the methods of paleoclimatic reconstruction and of the historical changes in climate during the past three million years. This thoroughly updated and revised text systematically examines each type of proxy and elucidates the major attributes and the limitations of each. This essential text provides a complete overview of the methods used in paleoclimatology. Paleoclimatology, Third Edition provides necessary context for those interested in understanding climate changes at present, and how present trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past. The text is richly illustrated and includes an extensive bibliography for further research.

Description / Table of Contents: Geofluids : Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins-ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There's been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria.* Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations* Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data* Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals* Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Treibhauseffekt & Co unter der Lupe - Ein kritischer Blick auf Statistiken, Messmethoden und Tatsachen aller Art - Welchen Klimaveränderungen müssen wir uns stellen?- Künftige Herausforderungen und Chancen von Wasserkraft bis Tourismus

Description / Table of Contents: Early warning for geologic disasters is a subject of intensive research. Opening up the path for students and lecturers alike, this book presents innovative trends in geoscientific research in this subject. The book successfully fills a gap in this field. The past years have seen new technologies that could be utilized for early warning and real-time loss estimation. They include self-organizing sensor networks, new satellite imagery with high resolution, multi-sensor observational capacities, and crowd sourcing. From this and improved physical models, data processing and communication methodologies a significant step towards better early warning technologies has been achieved by research.At the same time, early warning systems became part of the disaster management practice for instance in Japan and Indonesia. This book marks the important point where:* Research activities continue to improve early warning * Experience with applications is expandingAt this critical point in development of early warning for geological disasters it is timely to provide a volume that documents the state-of-the-art, provides an overview on recent developments and serves as knowledge resource for researcher and practitioners.

Description / Table of Contents: Für die Beantwortung verschiedener Fragestellungen im Siedlungsraum werden kleinräumige Informationen zur Siedlungsstruktur (funktional, morphologisch und sozio-ökonomisch) benötigt. Der Gebäudebestand spielt eine besondere Rolle, da dieser die physische Struktur prägt und sich durch dessen Nutzung Verteilungsmuster von Wohnungen, Arbeitsstätten und Infrastrukturen ergeben. In amtlichen Geodaten, Karten und Diensten des Liegenschaftskatasters und der Landesvermessung sind die Gebäude in ihrem Grundriss modelliert. Diese besitzen allerdings nur selten explizite semantische Informationen zum Gebäudetyp. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie genau eine automatische Erkennung von Gebäudetypen unter Nutzung von Methoden der Geoinformatik, der Mustererkennung und des maschinellen Lernens möglich ist.In diesem Buch werden methodische Bausteine zur automatischen Klassifizierung von Gebäudegrundrissen vorgestellt. Im Kern werden Fragen beantwortet zu den Datenanforderungen, der Gebäudetypologie, der Merkmalsgewinnung sowie zu geeigneten Klassifikationsverfahren und den Klassifikationsgenauigkeiten, die abhängig von Eingangsdaten, Siedlungstyp und Trainingsdatenmenge erzielt werden können. Der Random-Forest-Algorithmus zeigte die höchste Flexibilität, Generalisierungsfähigkeit und Effizienz und wurde als bestes Klassifikationsverfahren identifiziert.Die Arbeit leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Gewinnung kleinräumiger Informationen zur Siedlungsstruktur. Die entwickelte Methodik ermöglicht ein breites Anwendungsspektrum in der Wissenschaft, Planung, Politik und Wirtschaft (u. a. Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Infrastrukturplanung, Risikomanagement, Energiebedarfsplanung oder dem Geomarketing).

Description / Table of Contents: Was uns wirklich bedroht und wie wir richtig damit umgehen. Nahezu täglich bringen uns die Medien neue Hiobsbotschaften: steigende Kriminalität, Vogelgrippe oder Elektrosmog. Wird unser Leben nicht immer gefährlicher, unsicherer, risikoreicher? Ortwin Renn, der international anerkannte Risikoforscher und renommierte Technik- und Umweltsoziologe, sagt: nein. Die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung steigt beständig, in vielerlei Hinsicht geht es uns immer besser. Wie fürchten uns, so Renn, vor "falschen" Gefahren, verschließen aber die Augen vor Risiken, die uns und unsere Nachwelt erheblich bedrohen. Renn zeigt, welches diese sind, warum wir sie unterschätzen und wie wir im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit verantwortungsvoll damit umgehen können.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents:PART I: FRAMEWORK OF CLIMATE SCIENCE 1. Overview of Climate Science 2. Earth' Climate System Today 3. Climatic Archives, Data and Models PART II: TECTONIC-SCALE CLIMATE CHANGE 4. CO2 and Long-Term Climate 5. Plate Tectonics and Long-Term Climate 6. Greenhouse Climate From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Last 50 Million Years PART III: ORBITAL-SCALE CLIMATE CHANGE 8. Astronomical Control of Solar Radiation 9. Insolation Control of Monsoons 10. Insolation Control of Ice Sheets 11. Orbital-Scale Changes in Carbon Dioxide and Methane 12. Orbital-Scale Interactions, Feedbacks, and Unsolved Problems PART IV: GLACIAL/DEGLACIAL CLIMATE CHANGE 13. The Last Glacial Maximum 14. Climate During and Since the Last Deglaciation 15. Millennial Oscillations of Climate PART V: HISTORICAL AND FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE 16. Humans and Pre-Industrial Climate 17. Climate Changes During the Last 1000 Years 18. Climate Changes Since 1850 19. Causes of Warming over the Last 125 Years 20. Future Climatic Change

Description / Table of Contents: This book reviews results from the CAWSES program, including the evolution of solar radiation, solar influence on Earth's atmosphere, the importance of coupling mechanisms and middle and upper atmosphere climate signals, relative to natural variability.CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) is the most important scientific program of SCOSTEP (Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics). CAWSES has triggered a scientific priority program within the German Research Foundation for a period of 6 years. Approximately 30 scientific institutes and 120 scientists were involved in Germany with strong links to international partners. The priority program focuses on solar influence on climate, atmospheric coupling processes, and space climatology. This book summarizes the most important results from this program covering some important research topics from the Sun to climate. Solar related processes are studied including the evolution of solar radiation with relevance to climate. Results regarding the influence of the Sun on the terrestrial atmosphere from the troposphere to the thermosphere are presented including stratospheric ozone, mesospheric ice clouds, geomagnetic effects, and their relevance to climate.Several chapters highlight the importance of coupling mechanisms within the atmosphere, covering transport mechanisms of photochemically active species, dynamical processes such as gravity waves, tides, and planetary waves, and feedback mechanisms between the thermal and dynamical structure of the atmosphere. Special attention is paid to climate signals in the middle and upper atmosphere and their significance relative to natural variability.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: Basic principles and theoretical basis ; Measuring vulnerability to promote disaster-resilient societies and to enhance adaptation: Conceptual frameworks and definitions ; Data, indicators and criteria for measuring vulnerability: Theoretical bases and requirements ; Part II: Vulnerability and environmental change ; Environmental components of vulnerability ; Crafting integrated early warning information systems: The case of drought ; Archetypical patterns of vulnerability to environmental change: An approach to bridging scales. Lessons learned from UNEP's Fourth Global Environment Outlook ; Part III: Global, national and sub-national assessment approaches ; Review of global risk index projects: conclusions for sub-national and local approaches ; The Global Risk Analysis for the 2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction ; Disaster risk hotspots: A project summary ; The WorldRiskIndex: A concept for the assessment of risk and vulnerability at global/national scales ; System of indicators of disaster risk and risk management for the Americas: Recent updating and application of the IDB-IDEA ; Multi-risk and vulnerability assessment of Europe's regions ; The evolution of the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) ; Disaster vulnerability assessment: The Tanzania experience ; Assessment of vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change in mountain environments ; Part IV: Local vulnerability assessment ; Community-based risk index: Pilot implementation in Indonesia ; Mapping vulnerability - Integration of GIScience and participatory approaches at the local and district levels ; Vulnerability assessment: The sector approach ; Self-assessment of coping capacity: Participatory, proactive and qualitative engagement of communities in their own risk management ; Part V: Institutional capacities, public sector vulnerability and dynamics of vulnerability ; Assessing institutionalized capacities and practices to reduce the risks of flood disaster ; Public sector fiscal vulnerability to disasters: The IIASA CATSIM model ; Dynamics of vulnerability: Relocation in the context of natural hazards and disasters ; Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Volcanoes have played a profound role in shaping our planet, and volcanic activity is a major hazard locally, regionally and globally. Many volcanoes are, however, poorly accessible and sparsely monitored. Consequently, remote sensing is playing an increasingly important role in tracking volcano behaviour, while synoptic remote sensing techniques have begun to make major contributions to volcanological science. Volcanology is driven in part by the operational concerns of volcano monitoring and hazard management, but the goal of volcanological science is to understand the processes that underlie volcanic activity. This volume shows how we may reach a deeper understanding by integrating remote sensing measurements with modelling approaches and, if available, ground-based observations. It includes reviews and papers that report technical advances and document key case studies. They span a range of remote sensing applications to volcanoes, from volcano deformation, thermal anomalies and gas fluxes, to the tracking of eruptive ash and gas plumes. The result is a state-of-the-art overview of the ever-growing importance of remote sensing to volcanology.

Description / Table of Contents: AA-LAVA.- Accelerometer.- Acid Rain.- Adaptation.- Airphoto and Satellite Imagery.- Albedo.- Antecedent Conditions.- Arsenic in Groundwater.- Asteroid.- Asteroid Impact.- Asteroid Impact Mitigation.- Asteroid Impact Predictions.- Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time (ALERT).- Avalanches.- Aviation (Hazards to).- Avulsion.- Base Surge.- Beach Nourishment (Replenishment).- Beaufort Wind Scale.- Biblical Events.- Body Wave.- Breakwaters.- Building Code.- Building Failure.- Buildings, Structures, and Public Safety.- Calderas.- Casualties Following Natural Hazards.- Challenges to Agriculture.- Civil Protection and Crisis Management.- Classification of Natural Disasters.- Climate Change.- Cloud Seeding.- Coal Fire (Underground).- Coastal Erosion.- Coastal Zone Risk Management.- Cognitive Dissonance.- Collapsing Soil Hazards.- Comet.- Communicating Emergency Information.- Community Management of Natural Hazards.- Complexity Theory.- Concrete Structures.- Convergence.- Coping Capacity.- Cost-Benefit Analysis of Natural Hazard Mitigation.- Costs (Economic) of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Creep.- Critical Incident Stress Syndrome.- Critical Infrastructure.- Cryological Engineering.- Cultural Heritage and Natural Hazards.- Damage and the Built Environment.- Debris Avalanche.- Debris Flow.- Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation.- Desertification.- Disaster Diplomacy.- Disaster Relief.- Disaster Research and Policy, History.- Disaster Risk Management.- Disaster Risk Reduction.- Disasters.- Dispersive Soil Hazards.- Doppler Weather Radar.- Dose Rate.- Drought.- Dust Bowl.- Dust Devil.- Dust Storm.- Dvorak Classification of Hurricanes.- Early Warning Systems.- Earthquake.- Earthquake Damage.- Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting.- Earthquake Resistant Design.- Economic Valuation of Life.- Economics of Disasters.- Education and Training for Emergency Preparedness.- Elastic Rebound Theory.- Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR).- El Niño/Southern Oscillation.- Emergency Management.- Emergency Mapping.- Emergency Planning.- Emergency Shelter.- Epicenter.- Epidemiology of Disease in Natural Disasters.- Erosion.- Erosivity.- Eruption Types (Volcanic Eruptions).- Evacuation.- Expansive Soils and Clays.- Expert (Knowledge-Based) Systems for Disaster Management.- Exposure to Natural Hazards.- Extensometers.- Extinction.- Extreme Value Theory.- Eyjafjallajökull Eruptions 2010.- Fault.- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).- Fetch.- Fire and Firestorms.- Flash Flood.- Flood Deposits.- Flood Hazard and Disaster.- Flood Protection.- Flood Stage.- Floodplain.- Floodway.- Fog Hazard Mitigation.- Fog Hazards.- Föhn.- Forest and Range Fires.- Frequency and Magnitude of Events.- Frost Hazard.- Fujita Tornado Scale.- Fumarole.- Galeras Volcano, Colombia.- Gas-Hydrates.- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Natural Hazards.- Geographic Information Technology.- Geohazards.- Geological/Geophysical Disasters.- Glacier Hazards.- Global Change and its Implications for Natural Disasters.- Global Dust.- Global Network of Civil Society Organizations for Disaster Reduction.- Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Natural Hazards.- Global Seismograph Network (GSN).- Haiti Earthquake 2010: Psychosocial Impacts.- Harmonic Tremor.- Hazard.- Hazard and Risk Mapping.- Hazardousness of a Place.- Heat Waves.- High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster.- Historical Events.- Hospitals in Disaster.- Human Impacts of Hazards.- Humanity as an Agent of Natural Disasters.- Hurricane (Typhoon, Cyclone).- Hurricane Katrina.- Hydrocompaction Subsidence.- Hydrograph, Flood.- Hydrometeorological Hazards.- Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015.- Hypocenter.- Ice and Icebergs.- Ice Storms.- Impact Airblast.- Impact Ejecta.- Impact Fireball.- Impact Firestorms.- Impact Tsunamis.- Impact Winter.- Inclinometers.- Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004.- Induced Seismicity.- Information and Communication Technology.- Insect Hazards.- Insurance.- Integrated Emergency Management System.- Intensity Scales.- International Strategies for Disaster Reduction (IDNDR and ISDR).- Internet, World Wide Web and Natural Hazards.- Isoseismal.- Jökulhlaups.- Karst Hazards.- Krakatoa (Krakatau).- Lahar.- Land Degradation.- Land Subsidence.- Land Use, Urbanization, and Natural Hazards.- Landsat Satellite.- Landslide.- Landslide Dam.- Landslide Impacts.- Landslide Inventory.- Landslide Triggered Tsunami, Displacement Wave.- Landslide Types.- Land-Use Planing.- Lateral Spreading.- Lava.- Levee.- Lightning.- Liquefaction.- Livelihoods and Disasters.- Loess.- Macroseismic Survey.- Magma.- Magnitude Measures.- Marginality.- Marine Hazards.- Mass Media and Natural Disasters.- Mass Movement.- Megacities and Natural Hazards.- Mega-Fires in Greece (2007).- Mercalli, Giuseppe (1850-1914).- Meteorite.- Methane Release from Hydrate.- Mining Subsidence Induced Fault Reactivation.- Misconceptions About Natural Disaster.- Mitigation.- Modified Mercalli (MM) Scale.- Monitoring Natural Hazards.- Monsoons.- Montserrat Eruptions.- Mortality and Injury in Natural Disasters.- Mt Pinatubo.- Mud Volcanoes.- Mudflow.- Myths and Misconceptions in Disasters.- Natural Hazard.- Natural Hazards in Developing Countries.- Natural Radioactivity.- Neotectonics.- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia 1985.- North Anatolian Fault.- Nuée Ardente.- Overgrazing.- Ozone.- Ozone Loss.- Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (PTWS).- Pahoehoe Lava.- Paleoflood Hydrology.- Paleoseismology.- Paraglacial.- Perception of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Permafrost.- Piezometer.- Piping Hazard.- Planning Measures and Political Aspects.- Plate Tectonics.- Pore-Water Pressure.- Post Disaster Mass Care Needs.- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).- Primary Wave (P-Wave).- Probable Maximum Flood (PMF).- Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP).- Psychological Impacts of Natural Disasters.- Pyroclastic Flow.- Queensland Floods (2010-2011) and Tweeting.- Quick Clay.- Quick Sand.- Radiation Hazards.- Radon Hazards.- Recovery and Reconstruction After Disaster.- Recurrence Interval.- Red Cross and Red Crescent.- Red Tides.- Reflections on Modeling Disaster.- Release Rates.- Religion and Hazards.- Remote Sensing of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Reservoir, Dams, and Seismicity.- Resilience.- Richter, Charles Francis (1900-1985).- Rights and Obligations in International Humanitarian Assistance.- Rip Current.- Risk.- Risk Assessment.- Risk Governance.- Risk Perception and Communication.- Rock Avalanche (Sturzstrom).- Rockfall.- Rogue Wave.- Rotational Seismology.- Sackung.- Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale.- San Andreas Fault.- Santorini, Eruption.- Sea Level Change.- Secondary Wave (S-Wave).- Sedimentation of Reservoirs.- Seiche.- Seismic Gap.- Seismograph/Seismometer.- Seismology.- Shear.- Shield Volcano.- Sinkhole.- Slide and Slump.- Slope Stability.- Snowstorm and Blizzard.- Social-Ecological Systems.- Sociology of Disaster.- Solar Flares.- Solifluction.- Space Weather.- Storm Surges.- Storms.- Stratovolcanoes.- Structural Damage Caused by Earthquakes.- Structural Mitigation.- Subduction.- Subsidence Induced by Underground Extraction.- Sunspots.- Supernova.- Surge.- Susceptibility.- Tangshan, China (1976 Earthquake).- Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards.- Tectonic Tremor.- Thunderstorms.- Tidal Bores.- Tiltmeters.- Time and Space in Disaster.- Tohoku, Japan (2011 Earthquake and Tsunami).- Torino Scale.- Tornadoes.- Triggered Earthquakes.- Tsunami.- Tsunami Loads on Infrastructure.- Uncertainty.- United Nations Organizations and Natural Disasters.- Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).- Unreinforced Masonry Buildings.- Urban Environments and Natural Hazards.- Usoi Landslide and Lake Sarez.- Vaiont Landslide, Italy.- Vesuvius.- Volcanic Ash.- Volcanic Gas.- Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.- Vulnerability.- Warning Systems.- Waterspout.- Wenchuan, China (2008 Earthquake).- Wildfire.- World Economy, Impact of Disasters.- Worldwide Trends in Natural Disasters.- Zoning

Description / Table of Contents: Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain -- there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some of the changes be more abrupt, crossing some threshold or "tipping point" to change so fast that the time between when a problem is recognized and when action is required shrinks to the point where orderly adaptation is not possible? "Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change" is an updated look at the issue of abrupt climate change and its potential impacts. This study differs from previous treatments of abrupt changes by focusing on abrupt climate changes and also abrupt climate impacts that have the potential to severely affect the physical climate system, natural systems, or human systems, often affecting multiple interconnected areas of concern. The primary timescale of concern is years to decades. A key characteristic of these changes is that they can come faster than expected, planned, or budgeted for, forcing more reactive, rather than proactive, modes of behavior. "Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change" summarizes the state of our knowledge about potential abrupt changes and abrupt climate impacts and categorizes changes that are already occurring, have a high probability of occurrence, or are unlikely to occur. Because of the substantial risks to society and nature posed by abrupt changes, this report recommends the development of an Abrupt Change Early Warning System that would allow for the prediction and possible mitigation of such changes before their societal impacts are severe. Identifying key vulnerabilities can help guide efforts to increase resiliency and avoid large damages from abrupt change in the climate system, or in abrupt impacts of gradual changes in the climate system, and facilitate more informed decisions on the proper balance between mitigation and adaptation. Although there is still much to learn about abrupt climate change and abrupt climate impacts, to willfully ignore the threat of abrupt change could lead to more costs, loss of life, suffering, and environmental degradation. "Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change" makes the case that the time is here to be serious about the threat of tipping points so as to better anticipate and prepare ourselves for the inevitable surprises.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field of thermal infrared remote sensing. Temperature is one of the most important physical environmental variables monitored by earth observing remote sensing systems. Temperature ranges define the boundaries of habitats on our planet. Thermal hazards endanger our resources and well-being. In this book renowned international experts have contributed chapters on currently available thermal sensors as well as innovative plans for future missions. Further chapters discuss the underlying physics and image processing techniques for analyzing thermal data. Ground-breaking chapters on applications present a wide variety of case studies leading to a deepened understanding of land and sea surface temperature dynamics, urban heat island effects, forest fires, volcanic eruption precursors, underground coal fires, geothermal systems, soil moisture variability, and temperature-based mineral discrimination. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing: Sensors, Methods, Applications is unique because of the large field it spans, the potentials it reveals, and the detail it provides.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of geochemistry. The book first lays out the 'geochemical toolbox': the basic principles and techniques of modern geochemistry, beginning with a review of thermodynamics and kinetics as they apply to the Earth and its environs. These basic concepts are then applied to understanding processes in aqueous systems and the behavior of trace elements in magmatic systems. Subsequent chapters introduce radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry and illustrate their application to such diverse topics as determining geologic time, ancient climates, and the diets of prehistoric peoples. The focus then broadens to the formation of the solar system, the Earth, and the elements themselves. Then the composition of the Earth itself becomes the topic, examining the composition of the core, the mantle, and the crust and exploring how this structure originated. A final chapter covers organic chemistry, including the origin of fossil fuels and the carbon cycle's role in controlling Earth's climate, both in the geologic past and the rapidly changing present.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Risk and uncertainty assessment in natural hazards L. J. Hill, R. S. J. Sparks and J. C. Rougier; 2. Quantifying natural hazard risk J. C. Rougier; 3. Model limitations: the sources and implications of epistemic uncertainty J. C. Rougier and K. J. Beven; 4. Expert elicitation and judgment W. P. Aspinall and R. M. Cooke; 5. Risk and uncertainty in hydrometeorological hazards T. L. Edwards and P. G. Challenor; 6. Hydrometeorological hazards under future climate change T. L. Edwards and P. G. Challenor; 7. Hydrological flood uncertainty and risk research J. Freer, K. J. Beven, J. Neal, G. Schumann, J. Hall and P. Bates; 8. Uncertainties in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment W. P. Aspinall; 9. Landslide and avalanche hazards T. K. Hincks, W. P. Aspinall, R. S. J. Sparks, E. A. Holcombe and M. Kern; 10. Tsunami hazard and risk T. K. Hincks, R. S. J. Sparks and W. P. Aspinall; 11. Risk and uncertainty assessment of volcanic hazards R. S. J. Sparks, W. P. Aspinall, H. S. Crosweller and T. K. Hincks; 12. Risk assessment and management of wildfires T. K. Hincks, B. D. Malamud, R. S. J. Sparks, M. J. Wooster and T. J. Lynham; 13. Technological facilities, infrastructure and hazardous materials, including some notes on space weather R. S. J. Sparks, W. P. Aspinall, N. A. Chapman, B. E. Hill, D. J. Kerridge, J. Pooley and C. A. Taylor; 14. Statistical aspects of risk characterization in ecotoxicology G. L. Hickey and A. Hart; 15. Social science perspectives on natural hazards risk and uncertainty S. Cornell and M. Jackson; 16. Human responses to natural hazard risk: considerations for improving the effectiveness of risk management systems H. S. Crosweller and J. Wilmshurst; Index

Description / Table of Contents: After more than 20 years of use, close-range photogrammetry, now for the most part entirely digital, has become an accepted, powerful and readily available technique for engineers, scientists and others who wish to utilise images to make accurate 3D measurements of complex objects. Here they will find the photogrammetric fundamentals, details of system hardware and software, and broad range of real-world applications in order to achieve this. Following the introduction, the book provides fundamental mathematics covering subjects such as image orientation, digital imaging processing and 3D reconstruction methods, as well as a discussion of imaging technology, including targeting and illumination, and its implementation in hardware and software. It concludes with an overview of photogrammetric solutions for typical applications in engineering, manufacturing, medical science, architecture, archaeology and other fields.

Description / Table of Contents: Eine effektive Klimapolitik muss nicht nur unerwünschten Klimawandel vermeiden, sondern auch Anpassungsstrategien umfassen. Diese sollen die negativen Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft mindern. Die Entwicklung neuer Technologien, die weltweit einen Beitrag zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel leisten können, bietet auch wirtschaftliche Chancen für deutsche Unternehmen. Diese acatech POSITION stellt spezifische Klimafolgen in sechs Schlüsselbereichen dar, darunter natürliche Ressourcen, Stadtentwicklung, Energie- und Gesundheitsversorgung. So wird ein Beitrag zur gegenwärtigen Anpassungsdiskussion geleistet. acatech möchte sowohl die Risiken als auch die Chancen der Folgen des Klimawandels in Deutschland aufzeigen, das Bewusstsein für die Bedeutung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen in der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion stärken und mit seinen Handlungsempfehlungen zur Entwicklung nachhaltiger Anpassungsstrategien beitragen.

Description / Table of Contents: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are revolutionizing the world in a way their original developers never envisaged. From being military 'war' tools, GNSS satellites are rapidly becoming 'peace' tools that play a potentially critical role in enabling changing environmental phenomenon that do not permit direct measurements to be remotely observed via their all-weather, highly accurate and continuously updatable positional time series. This is evident, for example, in their use in emerging environmental monitoring methods that are considered in this book. These include: GPS-based radio telemetry, which is enhancing ecological and conservation monitoring by more accurately mapping animal movements, their behaviours, and their impact on the environment; GNSS-meteorology, which is contributing to weather and climate change studies; GNSS-remote sensing, which, for example, allows the rapid monitoring of changes in fresh water resources and cryosphere; Geosensor network techniques, which are earning a crucial role in disaster response management; Epidemiology, for improved efficiency in tracking and studying the spread of infectious diseases and climate change effects on vector-borne diseases; and Economics, to provide data for the econometric modelling of casual impact of policies. In Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA), and Sustainability Assessments (SA), GNSS, together with other spaced-based remote sensing techniques, are emerging, not only as modern tools that connect the developers to the community, but also provide information that support Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methods, which inform decision making and policy formulations.By bringing the two fields of geodesy (the parent of GNSS technology) and environmental studies (potential users of this technology), this book presents the concepts of GNSS in a simplified way that can, on the one hand, be understood and utilised by environmentalists, while on the other, outlines its potential applications to environmental monitoring and management for those engaged more with its technology, which hopefully will further energise the already innovative research that is being carried out. Lastly, this book is most relevant to all the professionals whose work is related to the environment such as hydrologists, meteorologists, epidemiologists, economist, and engineers, to name just a few.

Description / Table of Contents: Hyperspectral narrow-band (or imaging spectroscopy) spectral data are fast emerging as practical solutions in modeling and mapping vegetation. Recent research has demonstrated the advances in and merit of hyperspectral data in a range of applications including quantifying agricultural crops, modeling forest canopy biochemical properties, detecting crop stress and disease, mapping leaf chlorophyll content as it influences crop production, identifying plants affected by contaminants such as arsenic, demonstrating sensitivity to plant nitrogen content, classifying vegetation species and type, characterizing wetlands, and mapping invasive species. The need for significant improvements in quantifying, modeling, and mapping plant chemical, physical, and water properties is more critical than ever before to reduce uncertainties in our understanding of the Earth and to better sustain it. There is also a need for a synthesis of the vast knowledge spread throughout the literature from more than 40 years of research.Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation integrates this knowledge, guiding readers to harness the capabilities of the most recent advances in applying hyperspectral remote sensing technology to the study of terrestrial vegetation. Taking a practical approach to a complex subject, the book demonstrates the experience, utility, methods and models used in studying vegetation using hyperspectral data. Written by leading experts, including pioneers in the field, each chapter presents specific applications, reviews existing state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights the advances made, and provides guidance for the appropriate use of hyperspectral data in the study of vegetation as well as its numerous applications, such as crop yield modeling, crop and vegetation biophysical and biochemical property characterization, and crop moisture assessment.This comprehensive book brings together the best global expertise on hyperspectral remote sensing of agriculture, crop water use, plant species detection, vegetation classification, biophysical and biochemical modeling, crop productivity and water productivity mapping, and modeling. It provides the pertinent facts, synthesizing findings so that readers can get the correct picture on issues such as the best wavebands for their practical applications, methods of analysis using whole spectra, hyperspectral vegetation indices targeted to study specific biophysical and biochemical quantities, and methods for detecting parameters such as crop moisture variability, chlorophyll content, and stress levels. A collective "knowledge bank," it guides professionals to adopt the best practices for their own work.

Description / Table of Contents: Content:- Part I. Scientific Evidences of Climate Change and Societal Issues. Climate Change Evidences and Contrarian Viewpoints.- Carbon Emissions and Human Activities.- 4. Natural Climatic Archives: Overview and Discussion of Proxy Data.- 5. Chemistry and Physics of CO2.- Climate Change and U.S. Laws.- Climate Change and International Protocols.- Ethics and Environmental Policy.- Mass Media Roles in Climate Change Mitigation.- Energy Economics.- Emission Trading.- Venture Capital Investment and Trend in Clean Technologies.- Part II. Impact of Climate Change.- Carbon Liability.- Impacts of Climatic Changes on Biogeochemical Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems.- Climate Change and Dynamics of Soil Carbon Cycle.- Effects of Climate Change on Costal Flood.- Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity.- Impacts of Climatic Changes on Water Quality and Fish Habitat in Aquatic Systems.- Part III. Energy Conservation.- Energy Efficient Design on Future Transportation Systems.- Building Design for Energy Conservation.- Thermal Energy Storage and Transport.- Greenhouse Gas Reduction from Chemical Processing.- Mobile and Arial Sources of Greenhouse Gases and Abatement Strategies.- Part IV. Alternative Energies.- Biochemical Conversion of Biomass.- Thermal Conversion of Biomass.- Hydrogen Production.- Nuclear Energy and Environmental Impact.- Harvesting Solar Energy using Inexpensive and Benign Materials.- Solar Concentrators.- Wind Energy.- Geothermal Energy.- Hydropower.- Part V. Advanced Combustion.- Carbon Capture and Sequestration.- Chemical Absorption.- Oxy-Fuel Combustion.- Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) .- Conversion of Syngas to Fuels.- Chemical Looping.- Integrated O2-Transport Membrane.- Part VI. Advanced Technologies.- Low Temperature Fuel Cells.- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.- Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells.- Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 and Water Splitting.- Geoengineering Strategy for Global Climate Stabilization.- Technological Options for Reducing Non-CO2 GHG Emissions.- Thermoacoustics.- Part VII. Education and Outreach.- Developing a Climate Literate Society Through Education.- An Introductory Course on Climate Change

Description / Table of Contents: Technologien zur Abscheidung und Speicherung von CO2 (CCS) sind eine mögliche Option zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasen. Ob das Potenzial von CCS als Klimaschutzoption in Deutschland zukünftig genutzt werden wird, hängt aber insbesondere davon ab, ob die Technologien in der Bevölkerung generell und vor Ort akzeptiert werden. Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung gibt einen Einblick in relevante Forschungsansätze und Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen zur Akzeptanz von CCS in Deutschland. Sie präsentiert zugleich die Ergebnisse eines Workshops am Wuppertal Institut und vermittelt einen Eindruck von den Herausforderungen bei der praktischen Umsetzung von Forschungsergebnissen und der Durchführung zukünftiger Forschung zur Technikakzeptanz.

Description / Table of Contents: Sozialwissenschaft

Description / Table of Contents: Hyperspectral remote sensing is an emerging, multidisciplinary field with diverse applications that builds on the principles of material spectroscopy, radiative transfer, imaging spectrometry, and hyperspectral data processing. While there are many resources that suitably cover these areas individually and focus on specific aspects of the hyperspectral remote sensing field, this book provides a holistic treatment that captures its multidisciplinary nature.The content is oriented toward the physical principles of hyperspectral remote sensing as opposed to applications of hyperspectral technology. Readers can expect to finish the book armed with the required knowledge to understand the immense literature available in this technology area and apply their knowledge to the understanding of material spectral properties, the design of hyperspectral systems, the analysis of hyperspectral imagery, and the application of the technology to specific problems.

Description / Table of Contents: The Handbook provides a comprehensive statement and reference point for hazard and disaster research, policy making, and practice in an international and multi-disciplinary context. It offers critical reviews and appraisals of current state of the art and future development of conceptual, theoretical and practical approaches as well as empirical knowledge and available tools. Organized into five inter-related sections, this Handbook contains sixty-five contributions from leading scholars. Section one situates hazards and disasters in their broad political, cultural, economic, and environmental context. Section two contains treatments of potentially damaging natural events/phenomena organized by major earth system. Section three critically reviews progress in responding to disasters including warning, relief and recovery. Section four addresses mitigation of potential loss and prevention of disasters under two sub-headings: governance, advocacy and self-help, and communication and participation. Section five ends with a concluding chapter by the editors.The engaging international contributions reflect upon the politics and policy of how we think about and practice applied hazard research and disaster risk reduction. This Handbook provides a wealth of interdisciplinary information and will appeal to students and practitioners interested in Geography, Environment Studies and Development Studies.

Description / Table of Contents: Seit langem wachsen Zahl und Auswirkungen von Naturgefahren an. Kenntnisse und Analysen beschränkten sich bislang weitgehend auf sektorale Betrachtungen. Angestoßen durch die Diskussionen zum Klimawandel, und hier vor allem durch die geforderte Bereitstellung von eindeutigen Langfristvorhersagen, hat sich im wissenschaftlichen Umfeld die Sichtweise auf die Minderung der Auswirkungen von Naturgefahren gewandelt. Vorsorge umfasst nunmehr in stärkerem Maße die Nutzung von Erfahrungen und Daten vergangener Ereignisse, aber ebenso die Verwendung der Kenntnisse über zukünftige, für die Katastrophenvorsorge relevante Bedingungen. Schließlich werden Anstrengungen unternommen, die von vorneherein die Erwartungen und Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung in von Natur - gefahren exponierten Regionen in die Gestaltung der Vorsorge aufnehmen. Alle Themen werden in Deutschland in verschiedensten Bereichen, von der Grundlagenforschung bis zur lokalen praktischen Umsetzung von Anpassungsstrategien, bearbeitet. Das 11. Forum möchte den Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen den Beteiligten fördern und alle Interessenten einladen, aktiv mit zu wirken.