ALBERT

Note: Contents: Preface. - Tritium in Antarctic precipitation - information on global distribution / D. Hebert. - On the physical geography of the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica, Dronning Maud Land) / W. Richter. - Investigation of Deuterium concentration relations between atmospheric water vapour and precipitations in the Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica / P. Kowski. - Isotope-hydrological and hydrochemical characterization of lakes in the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica) / W. Richter, U. Wand, G. Strauch, P. Kowski, W. Kurze. - Isotope-hydrological and hydrochemical studies of the interior Antarctic lake "Untersee" in the Wohlthat Massif, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica / W.-D. Hermichen, M. Crelle, P. Kowski, W. Kurze, U. Wand. - The isotope-glaciological situation in the surroundings of the Schirmacher Oasis/Dronning Maud Land - a first overview / W.-D. Hermichen, P. Kowski, G. Strauch. - Radiocarbon dating of breeding places of petrels in the Antarctic / A. Hiller, U. Wand. - K - Ar dating of basalt dykes in the Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica / G. Kaiser, U. Wand.

Note: Nr. 1 Untersuchung der Polarisation und anderer Eigenschaften der langperiodischen Mikroseismik von Uwe Walzer (1969) , Nr. 2 Durchführung spezieller geophysikalischer Analogieexperimente und ihre Deutung von Horst Hänsel und Hans-Joachim Wilke (1969) , Nr. 3 Zur Einwirkung der Stativelastizität auf Amplituden und Phasen von Schwerependeln von Claus Elstner (1969)

Note: 1. Deutscher Landesbericht (DDR) für die XIII. Generalversammlung der IUGG in Berkeley/Cal. 1963, Fachgruppe Geomagnetismus und Aeronomie 2. Bericht über die Sitzung des Europäischen Seismologischen Kommission (ESC), Assoziation für Seismologie und Physik des Erdinnern der IUGG 3. IQSY-Beauftragter: Übersicht über die bisher (Stand vom 1.2.65) von DDR-Instituten im Rahmen der IQSY-Verpflichtungen des NKGG an die Weltdatenzentren versandten Beobachtungsmaterialien und Sonderdrucke wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen 4. Nr. I/3: Final Report on IQSY Activities in the German Democratic Republic 1964-1965 (Presented by G. Cumme and E. A. Lauter) 5. IQSY-Activities in the GDR: Report to the IV Assembly of the Special Committee for the IQSY, London 1967 (Compiled by Cumme, G. und Wagner, C.-U.) , 1. Deutscher Landesbericht (DDR) für die XIII. Generalversammlung der IUGG in Berkeley/Cal. 1963, Fachgruppe Geomagnetismus und Aeronomie 2. Bericht über die Sitzung des Europäischen Seismologischen Kommission (ESC), Assoziation für Seismologie und Physik des Erdinnern der IUGG 3. IQSY-Beauftragter: Übersicht über die bisher (Stand vom 1.2.65) von DDR-Instituten im Rahmen der IQSY-Verpflichtungen des NKGG an die Weltdatenzentren versandten Beobachtungsmaterialien und Sonderdrucke wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen 4. Nr. I/3: Final Report on IQSY Activities in the German Democratic Republic 1964-1965 (Presented by G. Cumme and E. A. Lauter) 5. IQSY-Activities in the GDR: Report to the IV Assembly of the Special Committee for the IQSY, London 1967 (Compiled by Cumme, G. und Wagner, C.-U.)

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 81-October 82. - II. Planned Activities, October 82-October 83. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 83-October 84. - II. Planned Activities, October 84-October 85. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 82-October 83. - II. Planned Activities, October 83-October 84. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 80-October 81. - II. Planned Activities, October 81-October 82. - References.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Distribution List. - List of acronyms and abbreviations used. - Record of Amendments. - Foreword to 1st Edition. - Foreword to 2nd Edition. - HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - OPERATION OF INDIVIDUAL NATIONS' NETWORKS. - Australia's Antarctic Communications. - Japan's Antarctic communications. - UK Antarctic communications. - US Antarctic communications. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - Introduction. - Engineering principles of the GTS. - Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - Operational principles of the GTS. - The transmission of meteorological data an the GTS. - Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - Data processing. - Telecommunications system. - Weather reporting by traverse parties. - Automatic weather station in the Antarctic. - AIREP reports. - Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDIXES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual an the Global Data Processing System, Regional Aspects, the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Network of CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Results of the monitoring of Antarctic data reception carried out during the period 12-15 March 1982. - APPENDIX IV. - Existing links for the daily international exchange of meteorological data within the Antarctic. - APPENDIX V. - Principal routes by which Antarctic meteorological data enters the GTS. - APPENDIX VI. - List of Antarctic stations and the routing of their meteorological data to the GTS.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background and environmental setting Data collection and terminology Data analysis Gouge depths Gouge orientation Gouge frequency Extreme value analysis Applications to offshore design Gouge depth Extreme value statistics Burial depths Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Detailed bathymetric map of the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Tests Results Ice forces on inclined structures Transition of ice action due to velocity increase Aspect ratio Bridge pier nose geometry Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Plattsburgh Air Force Base Radar sounding system Survey procedure Cavity inspection Radar cavity detection test Radar profile results Falling-weight deflectometer tests Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Finite differences applied to heat transfer Heat conduction equation Boundary conditions Phase change Computer program ADDATA, the data subroutine TRIDIG, the matrix solver ISOTHM, the isotherm finider ADI, main program ADEPC, main program Verification of ADI Comparison of ADI with analytical results Comparison of ADI with experimental results Verification of ADIPC Comparison of ADIPC with analytical results-the Neumann solution Comparison of ADIPC with analytical results-two-dimensional phase change verification User instruction for ADI User instruction for ADIPC Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Program INFSUM and sample input and output for program ADI Appendix B. Program ADIPC and sample input and output

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Scope of study Literature review Introduction Incipient formation of frazil ice Particle size and evolution of frazil ice Influences of turbulence and water temperature on the rate of frazil ice formation Conclusions Analytical model Introduction Elements of heat transfer Elements of turbulence Experimentation Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Introduction Nucleation of frazil ice Influences of turbulence on frazil ice formation Water temperature Influences of water temperature and turbulence on the concentration of frazil ice Frazil ice particle shape and size Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Preliminary frazil ice experiments Flume experiments Couette-flow Appendix B: Listing of computer program for calculation of frazil ice formation Appendix C: Water temperature rise attributable to frazil ice formation as computed usingthe analytical model .

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Background Materials Sample preparation Nuclear magnetic resonance Specific surface area Electrical conductivity Results and discussion Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Unfrozen water content vs temperature data for Lanzhou silt

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Location Purpose of study Previous work Chapter 2. Methodology Geology Overland erosion Wave erosion Frost penetration and heave Thaw failure Bank recession Ground water Soil moisture Chapter 3. Results Geology Geotechnical properties Overland erosion Wave erosion Freeze-thaw phenomena Ground water fluctuations Other slope failures Chapter 4. Discussion Overland erosion Wave erosion Thaw failure Universal soil loss equation Chapter 5. Summary and conclusions Techniques Erosion processes at Orwell lake Bank recession Literature cited Appendix A1: Average cumulative change of surface at erosion stations #2-12, 1980-81 Appendix A2: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix A3: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1 -12, 198 1-82 Appendix A4: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix AS: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1981-82 Appendix A6: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1 -1 2A, 1982 Appendix B: Dimensions of erosion sections, Orwell Lake, Minnesota Appendix C: Piezometer installation data, Orwell Lake, Minneso

Note: Contents of Part 1 S. Niese: Reactor neutron activation analysis of industrial materials R.P. Gardner, K. Verghese: Use of Monte Carlo methods in the calibration and design optimization of radiation gauges and analyzers R. Otto, P. Hecht: On labelling with generator nuclides M. Richter: Measurement of residence time distribution with radiotracers using periodic pseudo-random binary signal sequences J. Schoen: A computer code for tracer experiment data analysis H.-H. Deicke, J. Flachowsky, K.-P. Rudolph, N. Beiermann: Transit time measurements in technical plants by using a multichannel analyzer H. Bohne: Measurements of air currents L. Baranyai: Tracer study of simultaneous homogenization and segregation in industrial equipments N. Balabanov, N. Kapitanova: Application of radiotracer method for study of glass furnaces J. Thẏn: Evaluation of mixing particulate solids by radiotracer method H.-G. Koennecke, P. Kulicke, E. Antal, J. Jentzsch, H. Michael: Investigation of the mixing efficiency of kneading machines using radionuclides A.G. Belov, V.E. Zhuchko, Yu.S. Zamyatnin, Yu.G. Teterev, D. Rubio: Development of the nuclear-physical methods of analysis at the laboratory of nuclear reactions of the JINR R. Burek, K. Wojcik: A new concept for measuring of free moisture in solid materials N. Bachvarov, I. Georgiev, E. Manolov, P. Pavlov, H. Shukov, K. Tropolov: Process control system for fresh concrete preparation H. Baumbach: Investigation of moisture migration in the concrete of a special test construction under simulated load conditions A. Petrov, A. Sreno, H. Hristov, P. Penev, G. Georgiev: Beta-ray backscatter instruments for coating thickness measurements in electronic and electrotechnical industry W. Stuchlik, H. Kupsch: Radioactive level indicator for bulk materials in containers with calculation of the residual volume H. Baumbach, K. Fichtler, R. Melzer, D. Tietze, H. Ullrich: The determination of density variation in radiation protective walls of concrete by means of Bremsstrahlung of 1o MeV from linear accelerator D. Avramov: Modernized versions of mobile NDT laboratories V. Friedrich: Examples for radioisotope application in environment protection St. Szpilowski: Prediction of mixing length for transport of effluent in rivers A. Owczarczyk: The localization of the leakages through the dams and bottoms of large water reservoires W. Listwan: Progress in leak detection methods for underground pipelines and tanks J. Starẏ, A. Zeman, B. Havlik: Radionuclides in the investigation of the cumulation of toxic elements on alga and fish W. Richter, D. Kahl, H.-J. Grosse, F. Gleisberg: The use of an AIG-analyzer for the investigation of SO2-dispersion problems R. Goeldner, H.-J. Grosse, F. Gleisberg: Possibilities of the development of improved smoke detectors J. Adler, H.-R. Doering, H.-J. Grosse, F. Gleisberg: The use of the AIG in microelectronics P. Popp, R. Fahnert, S. Mothes, G. Oppermann: Methods for the determination of toxic compounds at work places H.-R. Doering. H.-J. Grosse: The detection of halocarbons by means of the aerosol ionization gas analyzer (AIG) E, Jaworska, I. Kaluska, G. Strzelczak: Crosslinking and free radical decay reactions in irradiated polyethylene in presence of additives J. Zahalka: Radiation modified materials in machine engineering W. Bobeth, R. Hanke, A. Heger, J. Morgenstern, H. Paessler: Technological aspects of planar structurizing on woven and knitted fabrics by localized radiation induced grafting B. Ihme, E. Maeder, A. Mally: Problems in the development of high-energy radiation processing of woven and knitted fabrics S. Nikolov. P, Panayotov, V. Diakova, M. Nikolova: Radiation modification of timber in people's republic of Bulgaria H. Dahlhelm. G. Matejko. G. Huebner: Experiments on sprouting inhibition in onions J. Thẏn: Process analysis with nuclear technique A. Merz: Axial dispersion and homogenization in chemical engineering systems A. Zeuner, F. Hartmann: Investigation of material transport in rotating dryers by aid of Lanthanum-140 D. Manr: Tracer research for modelling of Ion-exchange equipment

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Constitutive relationships Equations of motion Uniform flow Nonuniform flow Ice transport: Uniform flow Symmetric channel Asymmetric channel Ice transport: Nonuniform flow Further considerations Basis for model improvement Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Nomenclature Introduction Principal relationships Constitutive equation Failure criteria Secondary creep: Flow equations Creep at constant stress (σ = Const.) Creep model Creep strain (σ = Const.) Creep at constant strain rate (ϵ = Const.) Stress-strain relationship Stress/strain/strain rate at failure Test data Preliminary analysis Constant stress tests (σ = Const.) Constant strain rate tests (ϵ = Const.) The principle of superposition Thermodynamic equation of creep Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Dielectric properties of sea ice Time-domain spectroscopy measurement Laboratory measurements Field measurements Analysis of ladder data Conductivity of brine and sea ice Complex dielectric constant of brine and sea ice Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: COTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Model characteristics and test conditions Ice-hull coefficient of friction Measurements of ice properties Experimental procedures Data acquisition system Test program and procedures for 1:10 model Test program and procedures for 1:24 model Analysis of test results Comparison of test results between 1:10 and 1:24 models Analysis of tests in broken or brash-filled ice channels Analysis of tests in level ice Full-scale prediction of level ice resistance Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test material and test specimens Test material Required dimensions for test specimens Acquisition and preparation of specimens Field core sampling Specimen preparation in the laboratory Application of forces and displacements to uniaxial specimens Compression Tension Squareness imperfections Loading devices Universal testing machine Gas actuator for constant load Weight-and-pulley system for constant tension Equipment for triaxial tests Measurement of force and displacement Force Displacement Readouts and recorders Literature cited Appendix A: Phenolic-resin end caps Appendix B: Compliant platens Appendix C: Theoretical factor for converting overall strain to gauge-length strain indumbbell specimens Appci dix D: Items developed but not used in Phase I Appendix E: Use of the Brazil test

Note: Contents Manual 2.2 The relative measurement of aktivity Lectures 1.3 Statistics / H. Baumbach 2.2 Sealed sources / K. Vormum 2.4 Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis / H.-K. Bothe 3.1 The use of carriers / H. Koch 4.3 Autoradiography / K. Freyer 6.1 Radiometric methods in environmental control / H.-J. Große

Note: Aus dem Russischen übersetzt

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Model description and application Results and discussion Wind and current fields Standard simulation Thermodynamic simulation Zero ice strength Zero ice import Zero currents Modified currents Zero winds Dynamics simulation Summary and concluding remarks Literature cite

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Objectives Conclusions Introduction Background Previous cooperative investigations Project rationale and coordination Approach Landsat imagery Interpretation techniques Part I. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping the drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields (Lawrence W. Gatto) Objective Methods Results Conclusions Part II. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping and evaluating geologiclineaments and possible faults (Carolyn J. Merry) Objective Geologic structure Methods Results Conclusions Part Ill. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping surficial materials Section A. Landsat mapping (Harlan L. McKim) Objective Methods Results Section B. Field evaluation (Daniel E. Lawson) Objectives Methods Results Discussion Section C. Conclusions (Daniel E. Lawson and Harlan L. McKim) Literature cited Glossary

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Field measurement and analysis of transient heat flow A closer look at handling the constraints Random change Step change Ramp change Application of theory Literature cited Appendix A. Percentage error from a step input Appendix B. Time constraints of sample walls Appendix C. Percentage error from a ramp input Appendix D. Percentage error from a sinusoidal input Appendix E. Percentage error programs for a Hewlett-Packard HP-25 calculator Appendix F. Experimental determination of time constants Appendix G. Derivation of time constant formula for multiple layers

Note: Contents Abstract Preface lntroduction Experimental Sample preparation Testing procedure Results General features Commercial Ice Notched commercial ice Sanded commercial ice Pure ice Single crystal ice Snow-ice Colloidal alumina-dispersed ice Colloidal silica.dispersed ice NH4F doped ice HF doped ice Discussion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Test sites Test procedures and materials Analysis of test data Mobility tests Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Literature review Experimental design Climate Results and discussion Nutrient sources Mulches Soil fertility Cost analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Zero superheat Constant phase change rate Zero sensible heat Finite sensible heat Finite superheat Quasi-steady solution Heat balance integral solution Approximate methods Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction STARMET Test description Test results PLANEWAVE II Test description Test results DATEX II Test description Test results HANDEC II Test description Test results ROCKTEST II Test description Test results Summary and discussion Literature cited

Note: Contents Chapter One STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF TURBULENCE 1.1 Turbulence as a Random Process 1.2 Statistical Averages of Random Variables 1.3 Stationarity and Homogeneity 1.4 Spectral Decomposition 1.5 Connection Between Correlation and Spectral Functions 1.6 The Equations of Turbulences Chapter Two rlliASUREMENT OF TURBULENT FLUCTUATIONS 2.1 Modeling of Statistical Characteristics of Turbulent Fluctuations 2.2 Experimental Systems 2.3 Thermo-anemometry (Hot-wire and Hot-film) 2.4 Doppler method 2.5 Other Methods of Measuring Turbulent Fluctuations 2.6 Instrumental Processing of Recorded Fluctuations 2.7 Experimental Uncertainties Chapter Three TRANSDUCERS OF FINITE SIZE IN TURBULENT FLUCTUATIONS 3.1 General Relationships 3.2 Spatial and Wave Characteristics of Simple Transducers 3.3 A System of Transducers as Frequency Filter 3.4 Correction Functions for a Field of Velocity Fluctuations Chapter Four STATISTICAL MODELS OF TURBULENT FIELDS 4.1 Models of the Field as a Basis for Correcting the Results of Measurements 4.2 Corcos Model of the Turbulent Pressure Field and Its Simplest Modifications 4.3 Departure from Multiplication Hypothesis 4.4 Diffusion Model 4.5 Convection Model 4.6 Phase Velocity of Cross-Spectrum Chapter Five CORRECTION FUNCTIONS FOR THE PRESSURE FLUCTUATION FIELD 5.1 Power Spectrum 5.2 The Cross-Spectrum 5.3 Measurements with Wave Filters REFERENCES SUBJECT INDEX , Aus dem Russischen übersetzt

Note: Prefatory material in French

Note: Contents Chapter 1. Major Fields of Application [1.1] Introduction [1.2] Medicine; X-ray Computed Tomography [1.3] Medicine; Emission Computed Tomography [1.4] Medicine; Ultrasound CT [1.5] Astronomy [1.6] Electron Microscopy [1.7] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [1.8] Optics [1.9] Stress Analysis, Geophysics, and Other Areas [1.10] References Chapter 2. Definition of the Radon Transform [2.1] Introduction [2.2] Two Dimensions [2.3] Three Dimensions [2.4] Extension to Higher Dimensions [2.5] Some Important Examples Chapter 3. Basic Properties [3.1] Introduction [3.2] Homogeneity [3.3] Linearity [3.4] Transform of a Linear Transformation [3.5] Shifting Property [3.6] Transform of Derivatives [3.7] Transforms Involving Hermite Polynomials [3.8] Transforms Involving Laguerre Polynomials [3.9] Derivatives of the Transform [3.10] Transform of Convolution Chapter 4. Relation to Other Transforms [4.1] Introduction [4.2] Relation to the Fourier Transform [4.3] Relation to the Gegenbauer Transform [4.4] Relation to the Hough Transform Chapter 5. Inversion [5.1] Introduction [5.2] Odd Dimension [5.3] Even Dimension [5.4] Unification and the Adjoint [5.5] Fourier Methods Chapter 6. Recent Development of Inversion Methods [6.1] Introduction [6.2] Projection-Slice Theorem [6.3] Backprojection [6.4] Backprojection of Filtered Projections [6.5] Filter of Backprojections [6.6] Iterative Methods [6.7] Three-dimensional Methods [6.8] Categorized References Chapter 7. Series Methods [7.1] Introduction [7.2] Gegenbauer Transform Pair [7.3] Circular Harmonic Expansion ( n = 2) [7.4] Spherical Harmonic Expansion (n = 3) [7.5] A Tchebycheff Transform Pair of the Second Kind [7.6] Orthogonal Function Expansions on the Unit Disk [7.7] Orthogonal Function Expansions Over the Entire Plane [7.8] Other Approaches Chapter 8. More Properties, Applications, and Generalizations [8.1] Introduction [8.2] Characterization of the Transform [8.3] A Discrete Version [8.4] Picture Restoration [8.5] Transformations in Geophysics [8.6] The Integral Equation of Potential Scattering [8.7] Partial Differential Equations [8.8] Generalizations and Other Uses Appendix A. Translation of Radon's 1917 Paper Appendix B. Generalized Functions Appendix C. Special Functions References Index

Note: Contents Recent research developments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:xi-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.01 --- A. H. F. Robertson and J. E. Dixon: Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:1-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.02 --- 1. Palaeotethys --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:75-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.03 --- A. M. C. Şengör, Y. Yılmaz, and O. Sungurlu: Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of Palaeo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:77-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.04 --- Olivier Monod and Ergün Akay: Evidence for a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic orogenic event in the Taurides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:113-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.05 --- I. E. Kerey: Facies and tectonic setting of the Upper Carboniferous rocks of Northwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:123-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.06 --- E. Demirtaşh: Stratigraphic evidence of Variscan and early Alpine tectonics in Southern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:129-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.07 --- 2. Neoththys --- Levant and North African offshore: Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:147-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.08 --- M. Delaune-Mayere: Evolution of a Mesozoic passive continental margin: Baër-Bassit (NW Syria) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:151-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.09 --- G. Sestini: Tectonic and sedimentary history of the NE African margin (Egypt—Libya) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:161-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.10 --- Gdaliahu Gvirtzman and Tuvia Weissbrod: The Hercynian Geanticline of Helez and the Late Palaeozoic history of the Levant / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:177-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.11 --- Z. Garfunkel and B. Derin: Permian-early Mesozoic tectonism and continental margin formation in Israel and its implications for the history of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:187-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.12 --- Yehezkeel Druckman: Evidence for Early-Middle Triassic faulting and possible rifting from the Helez Deep Borehole in the coastal plain of Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:203-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.13 --- Abdulkader M. Abed: Emergence of Wadi Mujib (Central Jordan) during Lower Cenomanian time and its regional tectonic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:213-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.14 --- F. Hirsch: The Arabian sub-plate during the Mesozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:217-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.15 --- Michel Delaloye and Jean-Jacques Wagner: Ophiolites and volcanic activity near the western edge of the Arabian plate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:225-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.16 --- 3. Neotethys: Turkey --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:235-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.17 --- A. Poisson: The extension of the Ionian trough into southwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:241-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.18 --- A. H. F. Robertson and N. H. Woodcock: The SW segment of the Antalya Complex, Turkey as a Mesozoic-Tertiary Tethyan continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:251-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.19 --- J. W. F. Waldron: Structural history of the Antalya Complex in the ‘Isparta angle’, Southwest Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:273-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.20 --- A. B. Hayward: Miocene clastic sedimentation related to the emplacement of the Lycian Nappes and the Antalya Complex, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:287-300, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.21 --- Hubert Whitechurch, Thierry Juteau, and Raymond Montigny: Role of the Eastern Mediterranean ophiolites (Turkey, Syria, Cyprus) in the history of the Neo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:301-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.22 --- Ingrid Reuber: Mylonitic ductile shear zones within tectonites and cumulates as evidence for an oceanic transform fault in the Antalya ophiolite, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:319-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.23 --- Pınar O. Yılmaz: Fossil and K-Ar data for the age of the Antalya complex, S W Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:335-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.24 --- L. E. Ricou, J. Marcoux, and H. Whitechurch: The Mesozoic organization of the Taurides: one or several ocean basins? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:349-359, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.25 --- A. Michard, H. Whitechurch, L. E. Ricou, R. Montigny, and E. Yazgan: Tauric subduction (Malatya-Elazıǧ provinces) and its bearing on tectonics of the Tethyan realm in Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:361-373, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.26 --- G. Aktaş and A. H. F. Robertson: The Maden Complex, SE Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan active margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:375-402, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.27 --- Cahit Helvaci and William L. Griffin: Rb-Sr geochronology of the Bitlis Massif, Avnik (Bingöl) area, S.E. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:403-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.28 --- Ömer T. Akıncı: The Eastern Pontide volcano-sedimentary belt and associated massive sulphide deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:415-428, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.29 --- A. I. Okay and N. Özgül: HP/LT metamorphism and the structure of the Alanya Massif, Southern Turkey: an allochthonous composite tectonic sheet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:429-439, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.30 --- Teoman N. Norman: The role of the Ankara Melange in the development of Anatolia (Turkey) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:441-447, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.31 --- Ayla Tankut: Basic and ultrabasic rocks from the Ankara Melange, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:449-454, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.32 --- A. I. Okay: Distribution and characteristics of the north-west Turkish blueschists / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:455-466, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.33 --- N. Görür, F.Y. Oktay, İ. Seymen, and A. M. C. Şengör: Palaeotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:467-482, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.34 --- J. P. Lauer: Geodynamic evolution of Turkey and Cyprus based on palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:483-491, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.35 --- 4. Neotethys: Greece and the Balkans --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:493-498, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.36 --- Robert Hall, M. G. Audley-Charles, and D. J. Carter: The significance of Crete for the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:499-516, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.37 --- Michel Bonneau: Correlation of the Hellenide nappes in the south-east Aegean and their tectonic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:517-527, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.38 --- M. Okrusch, P. Richter

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: National geodynamics Project-Upington geotraverse : simplified geological map 〈1: 250000〉 : Draughting and colour seperation by R M E Kováts /by V Vajner, J van Bever Donker, C Z van Zyl, and C.W.Stowe , Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: The Namaqualand geotraverse 〈1: 250000〉 /by H.J. Blignault, J.A.H. Marais, S.W. van der Merwe, G. van Aswegen and J.A. Muller

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Provisional geological map of the barberton greenstone belt and surrounding granitic terrane, Eastern Transvaal and Swaziland 〈1: 250000〉 : drawn by N.A.De N.C. Gomes and R.M. N.C. Gomes /by C.R. Anhaeusser, L.J. Robb and M.J. Viljoen, 1981

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Groningen, Univ., Diss., 1983 , CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION. - CHAPTER 1. ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE TECHNIQUES. - 1.1. Introduction. - 1.2. Isotope mass spectrometry of H, O and C. - 1.2.1. 2H analysis of H2. - 1.2.2. 18O and 13C analysis of CO2. - 1.3. Preparation of H2 from H2O and organic compounds. - 1.3.1. Combustion and reduction system. - 1.3.1.1. Automated vacuum taps. - 1.3.1.2. Automated cold trap. - 1.3.1.3. Automated combustion. - 1.3.1,4, Membrane pump. - 1.3.2. Performance and results. - 1.3.2.1. H2O samples. - 1.3.2.1. Organic samples. - 1.4. Preparation of CO2 from H2O and organic compounds. - 1.4.1. Introduction. - 1.4.2. Review of the available methods for extracting oxygen. - 1.4.3. Sealed nickel tube pyrolysis. - 1.4.3.1. Principle. - 1.4.3.2. Realization. - 1.4.3.3. Technical details. - 1.4.3.4. Results and calibration. - 1.4.3.5. 18O analysis of some organic pounds 1.4.3.5. δ2H of hydrogen produced by the SNTP method. - 1.5. Preparation of carbon dioxide for 13C analysis. - 1.6. Separation of cellulose from wood and peat. - 1.6.1. Introduction. - 1.6.2. Separation of cellulose from wood. - 1.6.3. Separation of cellulose from peat. - 1.6.4 Nitration and drying of cellulose. - CHAPTER 2. 18O FRACTIONATION BETWEEN CO2 AND H2O. - 2.1. Introduction. - 2.2. 18O analysis of H2O. - 2.3. Equilibration with CO2. - 2.4. Mass spectrometric analyses. - 2.5. Results anddiscussion. - CHAPTER 3. FACTORS AFFECTING THE 2H/1H AND 18O/16O RATIO OF PLANT CELLULOSE. - 3.1. Survey of factors affecting the 2H/1H and 18O/16O ratio. - 3.2. Isotopic composition of precipitation. - 3.3. Leaf-water isotopic enrichment. - 3.3.1. Theoretical. - 3.3.2. Measurement of leaf-water enrichment. - 3.3.2.1. Trees. - 3.3.2.2. Bog plants. - 3.4. Biochemical fractionation. - CHAPTER 4. 2H, 18O AND 13C VARIATIONS IN TREE RINGS. - 4.1. Introduction. - 4.2. Methods and material. - 4.3. Results and discussion. - 4.3.1. Intra-ring variations. - 4.3.1.1. Late wood. - 4.3.1.2. Differences between early wood and late wood. - 4.3.2. Inter-ring variations. - CHAPTER 5. 2H, 18O AND 13C VARIATIONS IN PEAT. - 5.1. Introduction. - 5.2. δ2H, δ18O and δ13C values of bog plants. - 5.2.1. Material and method. - 5.2.2. δ18O and δ2H. - 5.2.3. δ13C 5.3. Engbertsdijksveen I. - 5.3. Introduction. - 5.3.2. Description of the local vegetational succession. - 5.3.3. Cellulose preparation. - 5.3.4. The δ2H and δ18O record. - 5.4. Engbertsdijksveen VII. - 5.4.1. Introduction. - 5.4.2. Description of the local vegetational succession. - 5.4.3. The δ2H and δ18O record. - 5.4.4. The δ13C record. - 5.5. Comparison between Engbertsdijksveen I and VII. - 5.6. Conclusions. - Appendix. - REFERENCES. - SUMMARY. - SAMENVATTING. - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

Note: CONTENTS: Preface / G. C. S. Clarke and W. Punt. - 8. Solanaceae / W. Punt and M. Monna-Brands. - 9. Saxifragaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 10. Boraginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke. - 11. Escalloniaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 12. Grossulariaceae / A.A.M.L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 13. Hydrangeaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 14. Parnassiaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 15. Plantaginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R.Jones. - 16. Valerianaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 17. Aceraceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 18. Hippuridaceae / M. S. Engel. - 19. Haloragaceae / M. S. Engel. - 20. Papaveraceae / A. J. Kalis. - Index. - Errata.

Note: CONTENTS: Introduction. - International co-operation. - Intergovernmental co-operation. - Non-governmental co-operation. - I. Scientific Programme. - 1. Astronomy. - 2. Biological Sciences. - 2.1 The marine ecosystem and its living resources. - 2.1.1 Food resources, phytoplankton production and zooplankton. - 2.1.2 The role of the benthos. - 2.1.3 The role of micro-organisms. - 2.1.4 Distribution and incidence of seals in the pack-ice of the Weddell Sea. - 2.1.5 Distribution and life history of fishes. - 2.1.6 Large-scaie distribution and drift of krill. - 2.1.7 Composition and behaviour of krill shoals. - 2.1.8 Preservation and processing of krill. - 2.2 The adaptation of antarctic marine organisms to their environment. - 2.2.1 Experiments and marine studies on .the ecophysiology of krill. - 2.2.2 Temperature regulation and food requirements of warm-blooded antarctic animals. - 2.2.3 Growth, digestive system and food economy of antarctic fishes. - 2.2.4 Freezing resistance of sea animals. - 2.2.5 Taxonomy of antarctic marine organisms. - 2.3 Terrestrial biology in Antarctica. - 2.3.1 Temperature adjustments in the reproductive biology of antarctic birds. - 2.3.2 Biochemical bases of growth processes in poikilothermic organisms at very low temperatures. - 2.3.3 Nutritional biology of poikilothermic herbivora. - 2.3.4 Study of lichens, fungi and bacteria in Antarctica and on offshore islands. - 2.3.5 Photosynthesis and heterotrophic life cycle of plants at very low temperatures. - 2.4 Environmental protection in Antarctica. - 2.5 Human biology and medicine in polar regions. - 3. Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing. - 3.1 Satellite geodesy. - 3.2 Doppler satellite positioning. - 3.3 Geodetic mapping of ice-free areas. - 3.4 Remote-sensing by satellite. - 4. Geology and Geophysics. - 4.1 Study of drift processes as a contribution to the geological history of Antarctica. - 4.1.1 Study of magnetic structures by means of aeromagnetic photography. - 4.1.2 Paleomagnetic studies of drift evolution. - 4.1.3 Micro-earthquakes as indicators of tectonic activity. - 4.1.4 Earth tides and natural oscillations of the earth. - 4.2 Studies of the structure of crust and mantle. - 4.2.1 Structure of the basement complex of the transantarctic mountain chain in the area east of the Filchner Ice Shelf. - 4.2.2 Structure of the basement of the Weddell Sea, the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf, and the peripheral area. - 4.2.3 Oldest and highly metamorphous rocks of the East Antarctic. - 4.3 Stratigraphy, tectonics and magmatism in the mobile areas. - 4.3.1 Mobile fringe areas of the East Antarctic. - 4.3.2 Paleozoic and mesozoic mountains(Beacon upper group) in the transantarctic mountains. - 4.3.3 Early paleozoic to cainozoic orogenes in the area around the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf. - 4.4 Study of exogenous processes under extremely cold conditions. - 4.4.1 Glacial geology and geomorphology. - 4.4.2 Weathering and detrital formation. - 4.5 Geoscientific marine research. - 5. Glaciology. - 5.1 Volume and dynamics of the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf. - 5.2 Determining the extent and thickness of the ice and its temporal variation in the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf sector and peripheral areas. - 5.3 Determining the composition and inner structure of the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf on the basis of geophysical surface measurements. - 5.4 Studies of the dynamics of the pack-ice in the Weddell Gyre. - 5.5 Physical characteristics of ocean ice. - 5.6 Glaciological drillings. - 5.7 Chemical composition and accumulation genesis of antarctic background aerosol; global transport of trace gases and aerosols. - 5.8 Study of the elastic and rheological characteristics of ice, its heat conductability and texture affected by deformation. - 6. Upper Atmosphere and Extraterrestrial Physics. - 6.1 Investigation of whistlers and VLF radio emissions (chorus, hiss, etc) at conjugated points. - 6.2 Study of terresterial magnetic pulsations at conjugated points. - 6.3 Study of atmospherics to obtain more precise data on worldwide thunderstorms. - 6.4 Measurements of the aero-electric field. - 6.5 Balloon-based study of the ionosphere in the light of Mg t resonance lines. - 6.6 Measurement of the vertical distribution of ozone, steam and aerosol up to an altitude of 30 km. - 6.7 Measurements of emission in the infrared 9.6 µ ozone band from the ground. - 6.8 Other projects which may be carried out simultaneously with the above or later. - 6.9 Proposed basic terrestrial magnetic equipment for the Antarctic Station. - 6.10 Meteorite search expedition. - 6.11 Study of micrometeorites and cosmic dust. - 7. Meteorology and Oceanography. - 7.1 Meteorology. - 7.1.1 Atmospheric boundary stratum. - 7.1.2 Study of stratospheric circulation. - 7.1.3 Measurement of trace gases over long periods. - 7.1.4 Other research projects. - 7.1.5 Weather service observations and consultations. - 7.1.6 Basic meteorological equipment for the Antarctic Station. - 7.2 Physical oceanography. - 7.2.1 Formation and extent of bottom water in the Atlantic sector of the circumantarctic ocean. - 7.2.2 Numeric simulation of the vertical flows of material, energy and impulses. - 7 2.3 Time scales of transportation in deep water with the aid of radioactive trace elements. - 7.2.4 Detection of heavy metals in the Antarctic Ocean. - 7.2.5 Fishery oceanography in circumantarctic waters. - 7.2.6 Other research projects. - 8. Engineering Sciences. - 8.1 Shipbuilding technology. - 8.1.1 Measuring and testing programme regarding the performance of vessels in ice and technical developments in the construction of ice-going vessels. - 8.2 Iceberg location and navigation. - 8.2.1 Iceberg location. - 8.2.2 Development of precision positioning systems (also for dynamic positioning) to ensure noninterference with signals transmitted through ice and water masses of different thicknesses. - 8.3 Construction techniques. - 8.4 Exploration techniques. - 8.5 Other topics. - The Antarctic Research Station. - The Polar Research and Supply Ship. - The Polar Research Institute. - Institutions contributing to the Programme.

Note: Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTERNAL CYCLING AND THROUGHPUT : Pathways from River Mouth to Sea Floor Depth Profiles of Sea Salt Composition Constituent Classification The Chemical Composition of Marine Organic Matter Composition of Particulate Matter Caught in Sediment Traps A Simple Model for Biologically Utilized CDnstituents The Distributions of Biointermediate Constituents Estimation of Input Rates Horizontal Segregation of CDnstituents in the Deep Sea Summary CHAPTER 2 THE SEDIMENTARY SINK Factors Influencing the Distribution of Sedimentary Constituents Introduction Sediment Types Distribution of Opal Production Opal Solution on the Sea Floor Distribution of Calcite in Marine Sediments Degree of Calcite Saturation Variation in the Carbonate Ion Content of Sea Water Spacial Variations in the CaC0 3 Saturation of Sea Water Factors Controlling the Rate of Calcite Solution Thickness and Shape of the Sublysocline Transition Zone Variation of Sediment Type with Time Manganese Nodules Summary CHAPTER 3 THE ATMOSPHERIC IMPRINT : The Cycles of Gases within the Sea Introduction Solubilities of Gases in Sea Water The Rate of Gas Exchange Stagnant Film Thickness Derived from Natural Radiocarbon Stagnant Film Thicknesses Determined by the Radon Method Oxygen Concentrations in Surface Ocean Water Oxygen Deficiencies in the Deep Sea The Marine N2O Cycle Excess Helium The Carbon Dioxide Content of Surface Ocean Water Origin of the Equatorial Pacific CO2 Anomaly Summary CHAPTER 4 REACTIVE METALS AND THE GREAT PARTICULATE SWEEP : The Cycle of Metals in the Sea Introduction Products of Uranium and Thorium Decay Thorium Isotopes in the Sea Protactinium-231 to Thorium-230 Activity Ratios The Distribution of Lead-210 The Distribution of Polonium-210 The Distribution of Radium-226 Anthropogenic Plutonium in the Sea Toward a Model of Metal Transport Distributions of Stable Metals in the Sea Stable Isotope Ratios in Reactive Metals Transport of Iron and Manganese in the Sea Lessons from Controlled Ecosystem Studies Distribution Coefficients Summary CHAPTER 5 HOW FAST DOES THE MILL GRIND? : Rates of Vertical Mixing and Sediment Accumulation Introduction Rate of Vertical Mixing Implication to the Distribution of Radium-226 Distribution of Radiocarbon in the Ocean Rate of Continental Runoff Sediment Accumulation Rates Radiocarbon Dating Uranium Series Dating Beryllium Dating Potassium-Argon Dating Agreement Among Dating Methods Comparison of Model and Observed Rates of CaC0 3 Solution Summary CHAPTER 6 WHAT KEEPS THE SYSTEM IN WHACK? : Control Mechanisms Operating in the Sea Introduction Phosphate Controls Silicate Controls Carbon Controls Interactions between the Phosphate and Carbon Controls Nitrate Controls Dissolved Oxygen Controls Major Anion Controls Major Cation Controls Possible Causes for Perturbations Recorders of Paleoocean Chemistry The Marine Geochemistry of Carbon-13 The Uranium Content of Coral Factors Influencing Nutrient Gradients in the Deep Sea Summary CBAPTER 7 FREIGHT TRAINS AND FICKIAN CONFUSION : The Movement of Water Through the Deep Sea Introduction Types of Motion One Dimensional Advection - Diffusion Model Tracers for Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Mixing Rates Based on Radon-222 and Radium-228 The Distribution of Helium-3 in the Deep Pacific Sources of Deep Water Northern Component Water Conservative Properties of NCW Initial Radiocarbon to Carbon Ratio in NCW Feed for NCW Production Southern Component Water Ventilation of the Deep Atlantic Ocean Ventilation of the Deep Pacific and Indian Oceans The Grand Cycle of Radiocarbon in the Deep Ocean Biological Short-Circuiting Temporal Variations in Radiocarbon Production Argon-39 Summary CHAPTER 8 THE ANTHROPOGENIC INVASION : The Movement of Water Through the Oceanic Thermocline Introduction Input Functions Hydrology of the Main Thermocline Tritium Distribution within the Thermocline Temporal Trends in Tritium Tritium as a Guide to Deep Water Formation Supplementary Information from Strontium-90 Bomb Carbon-14 Distribution within the Thermocline Explanations for Low Equatorial Bomb Carbon-14 Inventories Implications of Equatorial Upwelling to the Tritium Budget An Upwelling Rate Based on the Equatorial CO2 Anomaly Helium-3 Distribution in the Main Oceanic Thermocline Purposeful Tracers Summary CHAPTER 9 ICE SHEETS AND OCEAN PHOSPHATE : Glacial to Interglacial Changes in Ocean Chemistry Introduction Temperature and Salinity Changes Formation and Destruction of Organic Materials Changes in CaCO3 Storage Evidence for an Early Post-Glacial Lysocline Change Changes in Phosphate Concentration The Combined Evidence from Deep Sea Cores Cause of the Oceanic Phosphate Change An Alternate Scenario Wrap Up of the CO2 Record The Oxygen Record Glacial to Interglacial Changes in Ocean Mixing Rate Glacial to Interglacial Lysocline Changes Changes in the Distribution of Nutrients in the Deep Sea Summary CHAPTER 10 CAN MAN OVERRIDE THE CONTROLS? : The Buildup of Fossil Fuel CO2 in the Atmosphere and Oceans Introduction CO2 Production in the Past CO2 Production in the Future Capacity of the Sea for Fossil Fuel CO2 Uptake Utilizable Capacity - Simplified Calculation Utilizable Capacity - Rigorous Calculation Kinetics of Fossil Fuel CO2 Uptake by the Sea Numerical Model crosschecks on the Validity of the Numerical Model Prediction of Future CO2 Levels Solution of Sea Floor Calcite Summary REFERENCES, CONSTANTS, DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND INDEX Introduction to the References Subject Outline for the References Annotated Reference List Frequently Used Constants Definitions of Isotope Notations Abbreviations Index Foldout Caption

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric Introduction Glacial characteristics Water treatment Materials and methods Experimental design Pilot plant intake Hydrocyclone Chemical addition system Flocculation system Filtration system Pilot plant operations Coagulant chemical preparations Flow measurement Sampling Results and discussion Kenai River w ater quality Evaluation of pilot plant testing Performance of pilot plant elements Physical and chem ical variables Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Reading records Refractions Reflections Rayleigh waves Spatial resolution Anomalies Results and discussion Seismic velocity distribution Attenuation Low-level natural seismicity Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Error estimates Appendix B: Velocity profiles Appendix C: Seismic cross sections

Note: Contents: Abstract Preface Introduction Vapor flow Temperature profile Crystal growth rates Equilibirum versus kinetic growth forms of snow crystals Discussion Summary Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Summary Introduction Determining economic thicknesses for insulation Background Analysis method for new construction Analysis method for reinsulating existing construction Sensitivity and longevity of the results Sensitivity Longevity Recommendations Saving money vs. saving energy Energy economics conservation Building energy performance standards Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Heating system costs Appendix B: Present worth factors Appendix C: Base case and incremental thermal properties Appendix D: LCC comparison graphs for wall and roof systems Appendix E: Cost penalties for energy conservatism Appendix F: Graphic aid for figuring energy savings thermal improvements