ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. - Megacities and Global Change. - Megacities and Climate Change: Early Adapters, Mainstream Adapters, and Capacities. - Underground cities. - Water quality and socio-ecological vulnerability regarding urban development in selected case studies of megacity Guangzhou, China. - Rice for the Megacity. Dhaka's food supply between global risks and local vulnerabilities. - Land development strategies in megacities: Guiding land use and land rights in the context of urban sprawl and informality. - The influence of foreign direct investment on land use changes and regional planning in developing-World megacities: a Bangalore case study. - Inner-city development in megacities between degradation and renewal. The case of Sao Paulo case study. - Agile Firm Organisation and Upgrading in the Greater Pearl River Delta. - Linking Global Change, National Development Goals, Urbanization and International Migration in China: The Example of African Migrants in Guangzhou and Foshan. - "Phobopolis": Violence, fear and socio-political fragmentation of the space in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. - Dar es Salaam, megacity of tomorrow - informal urban expansion and the provision of technical infrastructure. - Bus Rapid Transit: the answer to transport problems in megacities? The example of TransMilenio (Bogotá / Colombia). - Governance in Megacities: Experiences, Challenges, and Implications for International Cooperation. - Managing the Metropolis: Planning in New York City. - E-Governance Initiatives in India: Case Studies from Hyderabad and Bangalore.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction; 1 Social science, religions, and climate change ; PART I The Global South ; 2 A retreating Goddess? Conflicting perceptions of ecological change near the Gangotri-Gaumukh glacier ; 3 Religion, indigenous knowledge and climate change in a mountain region: A case study of Thini village, Mustang, Nepal ; 4 Climate change projects in the land of gross national happiness: Does religion play a role in environmental policy in Bhutan? 5 Pursuing diplomacy overseas, fostering adaptation at home: The Church of Bangladesh's proactive responses to climate change ; 6 From theology to a praxis of ""eco-jihad"": The role of religious civil society organizations in combating climate change in Indonesia ; 7 Churches building resiliency to climate change in Solomon Islands ; 8 Prophecies and climate change in the Mam Altiplano of Guatemala ; 9 Religious perspectives on climate change in the West Ivoirian mountainous region ; 10 Climate change and indigenous African religion: A case study of the transitional ecological zone of Ghana ; PART II The Global North ; 11 Stepping up to the plate: Climate change, faith communities and effective environmental advocacy in Canada ; 12 The U.S. Catholic response to climate change ; 13 ""How many Presbyterians does it take to change a light bulb?"" Confronting global climate change in the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. ; 14 Keep Christianity brown! Climate denial on the Christian Right in the United States ; 15 Christian and Muslim climate activists fasting and praying for the planet: Emotional translation of ""dark green"" activism and green-faith identities ; 16 ""Healing the Land"" in the Canadian Arctic: Evangelism, knowledge, and climate change ; PART III The transnational context ; 17 An investigation of perception of climate change risk, environmental values and development programming in a faith-based international development organization ; 18 International advocacy for climate justice; Conclusion ; 19 Climate change and religion as global phenomena: Summing up and directions for further research

Description / Table of Contents: This text book provides the theoretical background of rock fracture mechanics and displacement discontinuity methods used for the modelling of geomechanical problems. The computer program FRACOD is used to analyse the fracture problems, assessing fracture initiation and propagation in tension (Mode I), shear (Mode II) and mixed mode I and II of solid intact or jointed geomaterials. The book also presents the fundamentals of thermo-mechanical coupling and hydro-mechanical coupling. Formulations of multiple regional mechanical, thermal and hydraulic functions, which allow analyses of fracture mechanics problems for structures made of brittle, rock-like materials, are provided. In addition, instructive examples of code verification and applications are presented. Additional material: The 2-D version of the FRACOD program, a manual on the program and a wealth of verification examples of classical problems in physics, mechanics and hydromechanics are available at http://extras.springer.com. A large number of applications related to civil, mining, petroleum and environmental engineering are also included.- The first textbook available on modelling of rock fracture propagation - Introduces readers to the fundamentals of rock fracturing - Uses a modern style of teaching with theory, mathematical modelling and applications in one package - The basic version of the FRACOD software, manual, verification examples and applications are available as additional material - The FRACOD program and manual enable the readers to solve fracture propagation problems on their own.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface 1. Trapped? ; 2. The Three Domains ; Pillar I: Standards and Engagement for Smarter Choices ; 3. Energy and Emissions: Technologies and systems ; 4. Why So Wasteful? ; 5. Tried and Tested: Four decades of energy efficiency policy ; Pillar II: Markets and Pricing for Cleaner Production and Products ; 6. Pricing Pollution ; 7. Cap-and-trade and offsets: From idea to practice ; 8. Who's hit? The distributional impacts of carbon pricing and how to handle them ; Pillar III: Strategic Investment for Innovation and Infrastructure ; 9. Pushing Further, Pulling Deeper: Bridging the technology valley of death ; 10. Transforming Systems ; 11. The Dark Matter of Economic Growth ; 12. Conclusions: Changing course

Description / Table of Contents: Als Administrator profitieren Sie mit diesem ersten deutschsprachigen Buch zu Samba 4 von den vielen Vorteilen, die Ihnen die aktuelle Version bietet. Von den Protokollen und der Installation über die Einrichtung und Verwaltung einer Domäne oder die erweiterte Administration bis hin zu Migration von Samba 3 oder Windows Servern und dem Netzwerkeinsatz: Dieses Buch führt Sie Schritt für Schritt sicher zu Ihrer Samba 4-Umgebung. Dafür sorgen nicht nur die zahlreichen Praxisbeispiele, sondern auch das vollständige und sofort einsetzbare Praxisszenario.

Description / Table of Contents: Protokolle »SMB« und »NetBIOS«, Vorbereitung und Installation, Benutzerverwaltung, Gruppenrichtlinien (GPO), Verwaltung von Freigaben und Logonskripten, Dateisystem, Verwaltung von Clients und zusätzlichen Servern in der Domäne, Konfiguration von samba4 über die Registry, Einstellungen sichern, gelöschte Objekte wiederherstellen, Migration einer bestehenden Domäne von Samba 3 oder Windows Server, Samba 4 als Printserver, WINS und Samba 4, Einrichtung von ssh, Samba 4 und Firewalls, Schemaerweiterungen für Zarafa-Groupware

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction: Contours of the International Climate Movement - Conception and Contents of the Handbook ; Part 1 Theoretical Prospects of the Climate Movement ; 2. Framing Processes in the Climate Movement: from Climate Change to Climate Justice ; 3. Democratizing the Climate Negotiations System through Improved Opportunities for Participation ; 4. Antagonistic Standpoints: The Climate Justice Coalition Viewed in Light of a Theory of Societal Relationships with Nature ; 5. The Climate Justice Movement and the Hegemonic Discourse of Technology ; 6. Climate Justice from the Perspective of Philosophy ; Part 2 Components of the Climate Movement Regional Climate Movements ; 7. The Green Movement in Britain ; 8. The Climate Movement in Germany ; 9. Movements for Climate Justice in the US and Worldwide ; 10. The Australian Climate Movement: A disparate response to climate change and climate politics in a not so 'lucky country' ; 11. The Climate Movement in Brazil - Professionalism and Ideological Differences ; 12. India - The long march to a climate movement ; 13. China's Emerging Climate Change Movement - Finding a Place to Stand ; 14. Climate Justice In, By and For Africa ; 15. Activist Profile Bill McKibben ; 16. Activist Profile Naomi Klein ; 17. Activist Profile James Hansen ; 18. Activist Profile Gore ; Popular Activists 19. Activist Profile Tim DeChristopher ; 20. Activist Profile Anna Rose ; 21. Activist Profiles David Spratt und Phillip Sutton ; International NGOs and Network Organizations 22. Organization Profile Climate Action Network International ; 23. Organization Profile Climate Justice Now! ; 24. Organization Profile La Via Campesina ; 25. Organization Profile Friends of the Earth International ; 26. Organization Profile Climate Alliance ; Climate NGOs from the US 27. Organization Profile 350.org ; 28. Organization Profile Rising Tide ; 29. Organization Profile Energy Action Coalition ; Climate NGOs from Europe 30. Organization Profile Plane Stupid ; 31. Organization Profile Germanwatch ; Part 3 Arenas, Activities and Development of the Climate Movement ; 32. Between Pragmatism and Radicalization. NGOs and Social Movements in International Climate Politics ; 33. Re-Framing Climate Change: The Cochabamba Conference and Global Climate Politics ; 34. Debates and Conflicts in the Climate Movement ; 35. Small Island States and the new Climate Change: the Case of Kiribati ; 36. Ambivalent involvement: Civil-Society Actors in Forest Carbon Offsets. The case of the Climate Community and Biodiversity Standards (CCB) ; 37. In the Periphery of the Climate Movement - Humanitarian Organizations ; 38. Conclusion: Results of the Handbook - State, Influence and Future of the Climate Movement

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction. - 2 Chinese loess and the east-asian monsoon. - 3 Asian monsoon variability recorded in other archives. - 4 Asian dust, eolian iron and black carbon-connections to climate changes. - 5 Mammalian evolution in asia linked to climate changes. - 6 Late cenozoic climate change in monsoon-arid Asia and global changes. - Index.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is the first of its kind on environmental change research devoted to monsoon-arid environment evolution history and its mechanism involved. Capturing the most prominent features of Asian climate and environmental changes, it gives a comprehensive review of the Asian monsoon records providing evidence for spatial and temporal climatic and environmental changes across the Asian continent since the Last Cenozoic. The dynamics underlying these changes are explored based on various bio-geological records and in particular based on the evidence of loess, speleothems as well as on mammal fossils. The Asian monsoon-arid climate system which quantifies the controlling mechanisms of climate change and the way it operates in different time scales is described. Attempts to differentiate between natural change and human-induced effects, which will help guide policies and countermeasures designed to support sustainable developement on the Chinese loess plateau and the arid west.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part 1: Economics and Adaptation ; 1. Introduction to the economics of adaptation to climate change ; 2. State of the Art on Economics of Adaptation ; 3. International Cooperation on Adaptation to Climate Change ; Part 2: Uncertainty, Equity, Valuation and Efficiency ; 4. Synergies between Adaptation and Mitigation and the Complexity of REDD+ ; 5. Incorporating climate change into adaptation programmes and project appraisal. Strategies for Uncertainty ; 6. Distributional Impacts: Intra-national, international and inter-temporal aspects of equity in Adaptation ; 7. Discounting ; 8. The Role of Economic Modelling for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies ; 9. Ecosystem-Based Adaptation ; Part 3: Adaptation in Activity Sectors ; 10. Climate Change and the Energy Sector: Impacts and Adaptation ; 11. Water for Agriculture: Some Thoughs on Adaptation to Climate Change from a Policy Perspective ; 12. Adaptation in Agriculture ; 13. Adaptation in Coastal Areas ; 14. Climate Change Adaptation and Human Health ; 15. Multi-sectoral Perspective in Modelling of Climate Impacts and Adaptation ; 16. Flood Risk Management: Assessment for Prevention with Hydro-economic Approaches ; Part 4: Other Dimensions of Adaptation ; 17. Fast Growing Countries and Adaptation ; 18. Economics of Adaptation in Low-income Countries ; 19. Regional and Local Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Developed Countries ; 20. the Role of Technology in Adaptation ; 21. Disaster Risk Management and Adaptation to Extreme Events: Placing Disaster Risk Management at the heart of National Economic and Fiscal Policy

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I: CONFLICT: BARRIERS TO A NEW AGREEMENT ; 1. Observations from the climate negotiations in Durban, South Africa ; 2. Does fairness matter in international environmental governance ; 3. Formation of climate agreements: The role of uncertainty and learning ; 4. Burden sharing in global climate governance ; 5. Negotiating to avoid 'gradual' versus 'dangerous' climate change: An experimental test of two prisoners' dilemmas ; 6. U.S. climate policy and the shale gas revolution ; PART 2:RESOLUTION: PATHS TOWARD A NEW AGREEMENT ; 7. The role of inequality in international environmental agreements with endogenous minimum participation requirements ; 8. Climate policy coordination through institutional design: an experimental examination ; 9. Improving the design of international environmental agreements ; 10. Managing dangerous anthropogenic interference: decision rules for climate governance ; 11. Exclusive approaches to climate governance: More effective than the UNFCCC? ; 12. Bottom up or top down ; PART 3:GOVERNANCE: STRUCTURES FOR A NEW AGREEMENT ; 13. Rethinking the legal form and principles of a new climate agreement ; 14. Technology agreements with heterogenous countries ; 15. International guidance for border carbon adjustments to address carbon leakage ; 16. The effect of enforcement in the presence of strong reciprocity: an application of agent-based modeling ; 17. EU emissions trading: achievements, challenges, solutions ; 18. The EU's quest for linked carbon markets: turbulence and headwind

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Geophysical studies of the crustal structure along the Dead Sea fault. -Geophysical studies of the lithosphere along the Dead Sea transform. - The seismogenic thickness along the Dead Sea transform. - The Dead Sea transform and the volcanism in northwestern Arabia. - Lateral motion and deformation along the Dead Sea transform. - Pleistocene strain partitioning during transpression along the Dead Sea fault, Metulla Saddle, northern Israel. - Review of on-fault palaeoseismic studies along the Dead Sea fault. - Pre-instrumental earthquakes along the Dead Sea rift. - Instrumental data on the seismic activity along the Dead Sea transform. - Evolution of Neogene-Quaternary waterbodies in the Dead Sea rift and their global climate relation. - Saline water in the Dead Sea rift - the role of runoff and relative humidity.

Description / Table of Contents: Ausführlicher Einstieg in HTML, CSS und JavaScript * Designs umsetzen und gute GUIs erstellen * Ereignisse behandeln und Funktionen einsetzen * Serverkommunikation, AJAX und Websockets nutzen * Mit oder ohne HTML5 und CSS3 * Karten einbinden und GPS-Daten auswerten * Responsive Webdesign und Touch Events * Webseiten für einfach alles, was einen Bildschirm hat * Video- und Audiomaterial einbinden * Zeichnen mit Canvas

Description / Table of Contents: Content: 1 Mechanical Testing of Ceramics 2 Ductile Ceramics 3 Imperfections (Defects) in Ceramics 4 Deformation in Ceramics 5 The Strength and Strengthening of Ceramics 6 Time-Dependent Deformation Creep 7 Cyclic Stress Fatigue 8 Fracture 9 Mechanical Properties of Nano-Grain-Size Ceramics

Description / Table of Contents: PART I: Ester Boserup’s Intellectual Heritage --- 1. Ester Boserup: An Interdisciplinary Visionary Relevant for Sustainability --- 2. “Finding Out Is My Life”: Conversations with Ester Boserup in the 1990s --- 3. Boserup’s Theory on Technological Change as a Point of Departure for the Theory of Sociometabolic Regime Transition --- PART II Land Use, Technology and Agriculture --- 4. The Dwindling Role of Population Pressure in Land Use Change – a Case from the South West Pacific --- 5. Conceptual and Empirical Approaches to Mapping and Quantifying Land-Use Intensity --- 6. Malthusian Assumptions, Boserupian Response in Transition to Agriculture Models --- 7. Reconciling Boserup with Malthus: Agrarian Change and Soil Degradation in Olive Orchards in Spain (1750-2000) --- 8. Beyond Boserup: The Role of Working Time in Agricultural Development --- PART III: Population and Gender --- 9. Following Boserup’s Traces: From Invisibility to Informalisation of Women’s Economy to Engendering Development in Translocal Spaces --- 10. Daughters of the Hills: Gendered Agricultural Production, Modernisation, and Declining Child Sex Ratios in the Indian Central Himalayas --- 11. Revisiting Boserup’s Hypotheses in the Context of Africa --- 12. An Interpretation of Large-Scale Land Deals Using Boserup’s Theories of Agricultural Intensification, Gender and Rural Development --- 13. Labour Migration and Gendered Agricultural Asset Shifts in Southeastern Mexico: Two Stories of Farming Wives and Daughters --- 14. Working Time of Farm Women and Small-Scale Sustainable Farming in Austria --- 15. A Human Ecological Approach to Ester Boserup: Steps Towards Engendering Agriculture and Rural Development --- 16. Conclusions: Re-Evaluating Boserup in the Light of the Contributions to this Volume

Description / Table of Contents: "The aim of this book, by providing a set of conceptual tools drawn from critical theory, is to open up questions and new problems and new research agendas for the study of environmental politics"--

Description / Table of Contents: The book focusses on questions of individual and collective action, the emergence and dynamics of social norms and the feedback between individual behaviour and social phenomena. It discusses traditional modelling approaches to social norms and shows the usefulness of agent-based modelling for the study of these micro-macro interactions. Existing agent-based models of social norms are discussed and it is shown that so far too much priority has been given to parsimonious models and questions of the emergence of norms, with many aspects of social norms, such as norm-change, not being modelled.  Juvenile delinquency, group radicalisation and moral decision making are used as case studies for agent-based models of collective action extending existing models by providing an embedding into social networks, social influence via argumentation and a causal action theory of moral decision making. The major contribution of the book is to highlight the multifaceted nature of the dynamics of social norms, consisting not only of emergence, and the importance of embedding of agent-based models into existing theory. 

Description / Table of Contents: 〈P〉The third edition of John Hannigan's classic undergraduate text has been fully updated and revised to highlight contemporary trends and controversies within global environmental sociology. 〈I〉Environmental Sociology〈/I〉 offers a distinctive, balanced treatment of environmental issues, reconciling Hannigan's much-cited model of the social construction of environmental problems and controversies with an environmental justice perspective that stresses inequality and toxic threats to local communities.〈/P〉

Description / Table of Contents: Preface.- Data and Methods.- Population Norms for the EQ-5D --- Cross-Country Analysis of EQ-5D Data --- Socio-demographic Indicators based on EQ-5D --- Annex 1 --- Annex 2

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Marginality—An Overview and Implications for Policy --- Part 1 Concepts and Theory --- 2 Marginality—A Framework for Analyzing Causal Complexities of Poverty --- 3 Exclusion and Initiatives to “Include”: Revisiting Basic Economics to Guide Development Practice --- 4 Marginality from a Socio-ecological Perspective --- Part 2 Dimensions and Prevalence of Marginality --- 5 Mapping Marginality Hotspots --- 6 The Poorest: Who and Where They Are --- 7 Targeting the Poorest and Most Vulnerable: Examples from Bangladesh --- 8 Correlates of Extreme Poverty in Rural Ethiopia --- 9 Examining the Circle of Attachment, Trauma, Shame, and Marginalization: the Unheard Voices of Young Kutchi Girls --- Part 3 Environmental Drivers of Marginality --- 10 Poverty, Agriculture and the Environment: the Case of Sub-Saharan Africa --- 11 The Marginal Poor and their Dependence on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa --- 12 Land Degradation, Poverty, and Marginality --- Part 4     Experiencing Marginality in Africa and Asia --- 13 Tackling Social Exclusion and Marginality for Poverty Reduction: Indian Experiences --- 14 Consumption Behavior of the Poorest and Policy Implications in Indonesia --- 15 Addressing Extreme Poverty and Marginality: Experiences in Rural China --- 16 Experiences in Targeting the Poorest: a Case Study from Bangladesh --- 17 Rural Poverty and Marginalization in Ethiopia: a Review of Development Interventions --- Part 5 Responses to Marginality at Different Levels: State, Business, and Community --- 18 Macro, Fiscal, and Decentralization Options to Address Marginality and Reach the Extremely Poor --- 19 Social Protection, Marginality, and Extreme Poverty: Just Give Money to the Poor --- 20 Innovative Business Approaches for the Reduction of Extreme Poverty and Marginality --- 21 Business Initiatives that Overcome Rural Poverty and Marginality Through Creating Shared Value --- 22 The Marginalized and Poorest in Different Communities and Settings of Ethiopia

Description / Table of Contents: Preface.- Data and Methods.- Population Norms for the EQ-5D --- Cross-Country Analysis of EQ-5D Data --- Socio-demographic Indicators based on EQ-5D --- Annex 1 --- Annex 2

Description / Table of Contents: Das lösungsorientierte und umfassende Buch zum Windows Server 2012 R2 mit zahlreichen fundierten Hintergrundinformationen. Der Autor Ulrich B. Boddenberg greift bei der Beschreibung des Servers auf seine praktischen Erfahrungen in zahlreichen Projekten bei mittleren und großen Kunden zurück. Denn ein modernes Betriebssystem wie Windows Server 2012 R2 bietet weit mehr als nur die Möglichkeit, Programme auszuführen. Er beschreibt alle zentralen Technologien wie die Virtualisierung mit Hyper-V V3, Active Directory, Remotedesktopdienste, den Webserver IIS sowie SharePoint. Neben diesen konkreten Technologien geht es auch um Grundlagen wie Netzwerkprotokolle, Kerberos-Authentifizierung oder die eingesetzte Hardware. Zentrale Aspekte wie Performance, Verfügbarkeit und Sicherheit ziehen sich durch das gesamte Buch.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Acknowledgements --- Chapter 1 – Natural Heritage at Risk by Climate Change --- Chapter 2 – Climate Change in Central and Eastern Europe --- Chapter 3 – Effects of Climate Change on the Hydrological Cycle in Central and Eastern Europe --- Chapter 4 – Potential impacts of climate change on protected habitats --- Chapter 5 – Climate Change impact modelling cascade - Benefits and limitations for --- Chapter 6 – Indicators for Monitoring Climate Change-Induced Effects on Habitats – a --- Chapter 7 – Remote Sensing-based Monitoring of Potential Climate-induced Impacts on Habitats --- Chapter 8 – Assessment of Climate-induced Impacts on Habitats --- Chapter 9 – Legal Aspects of Climate Change Adaptation --- Chapter 10 – A Methodical Framework for Climate Change-Adapted Management in Protected Areas --- Chapter 11 – Monitoring concept of climate-induced impacts on peat bog vegetation in Pokljuka plateau in Triglav National Park, Slovenia --- Chapter 12 – Concept for the monitoring of climate induced impacts on rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in Triglav National Park, Slovenia --- Chapter 13 – Suggested management measures for Natura 2000 Habitats in Körös-Maros National Park, Hungary --- Chapter 14 – Climate-induced challenges for wetlands: revealing the background for the adaptive ecosystem management in the Biebrza Valley, Poland --- Chapter 15 – Habitat changes caused by sea level rise, driven by climate change in the Northern Adriatic coastal wetlands, Slovenia --- Chapter 16 – Potential impacts of climate change on forest habitats in the Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest in Germany --- Chapter 17 – Potential Impact of Climate Change on Alpine Habitats from Bucegi Natural Park, Romania --- Chapter 18 – Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Habitats and their Effects on Invasive Plant Species in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania --- Chapter 19 - Reproduction biology of an alien invasive plant: a case of drought-tolerant Aster squamatus on the Northern Adriatic seacoast, Slovenia --- Chapter 20 – Conclusions and Recommendations for Adapting Conservation Management in the Face of Climate Change --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: PART I: Ester Boserup’s Intellectual Heritage --- 1. Ester Boserup: An Interdisciplinary Visionary Relevant for Sustainability --- 2. “Finding Out Is My Life”: Conversations with Ester Boserup in the 1990s --- 3. Boserup’s Theory on Technological Change as a Point of Departure for the Theory of Sociometabolic Regime Transition --- PART II Land Use, Technology and Agriculture --- 4. The Dwindling Role of Population Pressure in Land Use Change – a Case from the South West Pacific --- 5. Conceptual and Empirical Approaches to Mapping and Quantifying Land-Use Intensity --- 6. Malthusian Assumptions, Boserupian Response in Transition to Agriculture Models --- 7. Reconciling Boserup with Malthus: Agrarian Change and Soil Degradation in Olive Orchards in Spain (1750-2000) --- 8. Beyond Boserup: The Role of Working Time in Agricultural Development --- PART III: Population and Gender --- 9. Following Boserup’s Traces: From Invisibility to Informalisation of Women’s Economy to Engendering Development in Translocal Spaces --- 10. Daughters of the Hills: Gendered Agricultural Production, Modernisation, and Declining Child Sex Ratios in the Indian Central Himalayas --- 11. Revisiting Boserup’s Hypotheses in the Context of Africa --- 12. An Interpretation of Large-Scale Land Deals Using Boserup’s Theories of Agricultural Intensification, Gender and Rural Development --- 13. Labour Migration and Gendered Agricultural Asset Shifts in Southeastern Mexico: Two Stories of Farming Wives and Daughters --- 14. Working Time of Farm Women and Small-Scale Sustainable Farming in Austria --- 15. A Human Ecological Approach to Ester Boserup: Steps Towards Engendering Agriculture and Rural Development --- 16. Conclusions: Re-Evaluating Boserup in the Light of the Contributions to this Volume

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Acknowledgements --- Chapter 1 – Natural Heritage at Risk by Climate Change --- Chapter 2 – Climate Change in Central and Eastern Europe --- Chapter 3 – Effects of Climate Change on the Hydrological Cycle in Central and Eastern Europe --- Chapter 4 – Potential impacts of climate change on protected habitats --- Chapter 5 – Climate Change impact modelling cascade - Benefits and limitations for --- Chapter 6 – Indicators for Monitoring Climate Change-Induced Effects on Habitats – a --- Chapter 7 – Remote Sensing-based Monitoring of Potential Climate-induced Impacts on Habitats --- Chapter 8 – Assessment of Climate-induced Impacts on Habitats --- Chapter 9 – Legal Aspects of Climate Change Adaptation --- Chapter 10 – A Methodical Framework for Climate Change-Adapted Management in Protected Areas --- Chapter 11 – Monitoring concept of climate-induced impacts on peat bog vegetation in Pokljuka plateau in Triglav National Park, Slovenia --- Chapter 12 – Concept for the monitoring of climate induced impacts on rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in Triglav National Park, Slovenia --- Chapter 13 – Suggested management measures for Natura 2000 Habitats in Körös-Maros National Park, Hungary --- Chapter 14 – Climate-induced challenges for wetlands: revealing the background for the adaptive ecosystem management in the Biebrza Valley, Poland --- Chapter 15 – Habitat changes caused by sea level rise, driven by climate change in the Northern Adriatic coastal wetlands, Slovenia --- Chapter 16 – Potential impacts of climate change on forest habitats in the Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest in Germany --- Chapter 17 – Potential Impact of Climate Change on Alpine Habitats from Bucegi Natural Park, Romania --- Chapter 18 – Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Habitats and their Effects on Invasive Plant Species in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania --- Chapter 19 - Reproduction biology of an alien invasive plant: a case of drought-tolerant Aster squamatus on the Northern Adriatic seacoast, Slovenia --- Chapter 20 – Conclusions and Recommendations for Adapting Conservation Management in the Face of Climate Change --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Marginality—An Overview and Implications for Policy --- Part 1 Concepts and Theory --- 2 Marginality—A Framework for Analyzing Causal Complexities of Poverty --- 3 Exclusion and Initiatives to “Include”: Revisiting Basic Economics to Guide Development Practice --- 4 Marginality from a Socio-ecological Perspective --- Part 2 Dimensions and Prevalence of Marginality --- 5 Mapping Marginality Hotspots --- 6 The Poorest: Who and Where They Are --- 7 Targeting the Poorest and Most Vulnerable: Examples from Bangladesh --- 8 Correlates of Extreme Poverty in Rural Ethiopia --- 9 Examining the Circle of Attachment, Trauma, Shame, and Marginalization: the Unheard Voices of Young Kutchi Girls --- Part 3 Environmental Drivers of Marginality --- 10 Poverty, Agriculture and the Environment: the Case of Sub-Saharan Africa --- 11 The Marginal Poor and their Dependence on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa --- 12 Land Degradation, Poverty, and Marginality --- Part 4     Experiencing Marginality in Africa and Asia --- 13 Tackling Social Exclusion and Marginality for Poverty Reduction: Indian Experiences --- 14 Consumption Behavior of the Poorest and Policy Implications in Indonesia --- 15 Addressing Extreme Poverty and Marginality: Experiences in Rural China --- 16 Experiences in Targeting the Poorest: a Case Study from Bangladesh --- 17 Rural Poverty and Marginalization in Ethiopia: a Review of Development Interventions --- Part 5 Responses to Marginality at Different Levels: State, Business, and Community --- 18 Macro, Fiscal, and Decentralization Options to Address Marginality and Reach the Extremely Poor --- 19 Social Protection, Marginality, and Extreme Poverty: Just Give Money to the Poor --- 20 Innovative Business Approaches for the Reduction of Extreme Poverty and Marginality --- 21 Business Initiatives that Overcome Rural Poverty and Marginality Through Creating Shared Value --- 22 The Marginalized and Poorest in Different Communities and Settings of Ethiopia

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction: Can improving returns to food-water in Africa meet African food needs and the needs of other consumers? ; Part I: The history of land grabs and the contradictions of development ; 1.1 Enclosure revisited: putting the global land rush in historical perspective ; 1.2 Land alienation under colonial and white settler governments in southern Africa: historical land 'grabbing' ; 1.3 Sudan and its agricultural revival: a regional breadbasket at last or another mirage in the desert? ; 1.4 The contradictions of development: primitive accumulation and geopolitics in the two Sudans ; 1.5 The experience of land grab in Liberia ; Part II: Investors-profiles and current investment trends ; 2.1 Chinese engagement in African agriculture: fiction and fact ; 2.2 The global food crisis and the Gulf's quest for Africa's agricultural potential ; 2.3 A global enclosure: the geo-logics of Indian agro-investments in Africa ; 2.4 Private investment in agriculture ; 2.5 The role of domestic investors: the arrival of the 'businessmen' in West Africa ; 2.6 'Land grabs' and alternative modalities for agricultural investments in emerging markets ; 2.7 Change in trend and new types of large-scale investments in Ethiopia ; 2.8 Tapping into Al-Andaluz resources: opportunities and challenges for investment in Morocco ; 2.9 A blue revolution for Zambia? Large-scale irrigation projects and land and water 'grabs' ; Part III: The political economy of land and water grabs ; 3.1 Claiming (back) the land: the geopolitics of Egyptian and South African land and water grabs ; 3.2 Investing into the next cycle? Land grabs and the green economy ; 3.3 The political economy of land and water grabs ; 3.4 Will peak oil cause a rush for land in Africa? ; 3.5 How to govern the global rush for land and water? ; 3.6 Keep calm and carry on: what we can learn from the three food price crises of the 1940s, 1970s and 2007-8 ; 3.7 Constructing a new water future? An analysis of Ethiopia's current hydropower development ; 3.8 Inverse globalisation? The global agricultural trade system and Asian investments in African land and water resources ; Part IV: Environment ; 4.1 Green and blue water dimensions of foreign direct investment in biofuel and food production in West Africa: the case of Ghana and Mali ; 4.2 Green and blue water in Africa: how foreign direct investment can support sustainable intensification ; 4.3 Groundwater in Africa: is there sufficient water to support the intensification of agriculture from 'land grabs'? ; 4.4 The water resource implications for and of FDI projects in Africa: a biophysical analysis of opportunity and risk ; 4.5 Analyse to optimise: sustainable intensification of agricultural production through investment in integrated land and water management in Africa ; Part V: Livelihoods ; 5.1 Expectations and implications of the rush for land: understanding the opportunities and risks at stake in Africa ; 5.2 China-Africa agricultural co-operation, African land tenure reform and sustainable farmland investments ; 5.3 Competing narratives of land reform in south Sudan ; 5.4 Struggles and resistance against land dispossession in Africa: an overview

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Blueprint for a Green Economy in the 21st Century 3. Sustainable Development 4. Progress in Valuing the Environment 5. Accounting for the Environment and Sustainability 6. Progress in Prices and Incentives for Environmental Improvement 7. Towards a Green Global Economy 8. Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Climate Change Finance ; 2. The Landscape of Climate Finance ; 3. Estimates of Incremental Investment for and Cost of Mitigation Measures in Developing Countries ; 4. Development and Climate Change Adaptation Funding: Coordination and Integration ; 5. Estimating Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change ; 6. Raising Climate Finance to Support Developing Country Action: Some Economic Considerations ; 7. Sources of Finance for Climate Action: Principles and Options for Implementation Mechanisms in this Decade ; 8. Mobilizing Climate Finance ; 9. International Climate Finance from Border Carbon Cost Leveling ; 10. Sources of Long-term Climate Change Finance ; 11. Spending Adaptation Money Wisely ; 12. Beyond Climate Finance: From Accountability to Productivity in Addressing the Climate Challenge ; 13. Recent Developments Related to International Climate Change Finance

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction ; 2 Drinking ten bathtubs of water a day ; 3 Water for bread and pasta ; 4 The meat eater, a big water user ; 5 How our cotton clothes link to a disappearing sea ; 6 Burning water: the water footprint of biofuels ; 7 The overseas water footprint of cut flowers ; 8 The supply-chain water footprint of paper ; 9 Maximum sustainable water footprint per river basin ; 10 Water-use efficiency ; 11 Allocating the world's limited freshwater resources ; 12 Getting trade right ; 13 Product transparency ; 14 Who will be the heroes of change?

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction ; Part I Theory and Practice ; 2 Theory ; 3 Practice ; Part II Case Studies ; 4 Introduction to the Case Studies ; 5 Agent-Based Models of Supply Chains ; 6 An Agent-Based Model of Consumer Lighting ; 7 An Agent-Based Model of CO2 Policies and Electricity Generation ; 8 An Agent-Based Model of a Mobile Phone Production, Consumption and Recycling Network ; 9 Next Steps in Modelling Socio-technical Systems: Towards Collaborative Modelling

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction: What's Economics Got to Do with It? Part 1: Ecological Sustainability: How Much Nature Do We Need? 2. How Much Nature Do We Have? 3. How Much Nature Do We Need? Can We Sustain Its Use? 4. What Should We Do About It? Part 2: Economic Sustainability: How Much For Nature? 5. What is the Value of Nature? 6.Accounting for Economic Sustainability. 7. What Should We Do About It? 8. Bridging the Gap: Ecologial and Environmental Economics. Part 3: Sustainable Development: What Else Do We Need? 9. A Cure-All Paradigm? 10. What Should We Do About It? 11. Some Conclusions: What's Countable? What Counts? What Should We Do About It?

Description / Table of Contents: "In recent years the issue of food security has become centre stage in the global agenda. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this book provides an overview of the new global challenges connected with land, food supply and agriculture. It does not simply raise the debate; rather it aspires to move forward the debate that has started with the G20 meetings"--

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface 1 Mechanical Testing of Materials 2 Introduction to Dislocations 3 Plastic Deformation 4 Strengthening Mechanisms 5 Time Dependent Deformation - Creep 6 Cyclic Stress - Fatigue 7 Fracture 8 Mechanical Behavior in the Micron and Submicron/Nano range Index

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I Addressing Water Governance Challenges in the Anthropocene ; 1 Addressing Water Governance Challenges in the Anthropocene ; 2 A Starting Point: Understanding Governance, Good Governance and Water Governance ; 3 Adaptive Capacity, Adaptive Governance and Resilience ; 4 The Assessment of Adaptive Capacity ; 5 Applying a Multi-pronged Approach to Assessing Adaptive Capacity ; Part II The Case Areas in Chile and Switzerland ; 6 Introducing the Case Study Areas: Hydro-climatic and Governance Contexts ; 7 Water Governance in the Context of IWRM: Switzerland ; 8 Water Governance in the Context of IWRM: Chile ; 9 Converging Threats: Driving Pressures for Adaptive Capacity ; Part III Applying the Assessment ; 10 Governance in the Face of Uncertainty and Change ; 11 Bridges and Barriers to Adaptive Capacity ; 12 Operationalising Adaptive Capacity ; 13 Assessing Adaptive Capacity ; Part IV Challenges in Developing and Mobilising Adaptive Capacity ; 14 Balancing Structural Con fl icts Across Scales to Develop and Mobilise Adaptive Capacity ; 15 Coping with and Communicating Uncertainty ; 16 Addressing the Challenge of Institutional Infrastructure in a Technically Focussed World

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I - LTSER Concepts, methods and linkages ; Socioeconomic Metabolism and the Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production: What Promise Do They Hold for LTSER? ; Using Integrated Models to Analyse Socio-ecological System Dynamics in Long-Term Socio-ecological Research - Austrian Experiences ; Modelling Transport as a Key Constraint to Urbanisation in Pre-industrial Societies ; The Environmental History of the Danube River Basin as an Issue of Long-Term Socio-ecological Research ; Critical Scales for Long-Term Socio-ecological Biodiversity Research ; Human Biohistory ; Geographic Approaches to LTSER: Principal Themes and Concepts with a Case Study of Andes-Amazon Watersheds ; The Contribution of Anthropology to Concepts Guiding LTSER Research ; PART II - LTSER Applications across ecosystems, time and space ; Viewing the Urban Socio-ecological System Through a Sustainability Lens: Lessons and Prospects from the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER Programme ; A City and Its Hinterland: Vienna's Energy Metabolism 1800-2006 ; Sustaining Agricultural Systems in the Old and New Worlds: A Long-Term Socio-Ecological Comparison ; How Material and Energy Flows Change Socio-natural Arrangements: The Transformation of Agriculture in the Eisenwurzen Region, 1860-2000 ; The Intimacy of Human-Nature Interactions on Islands ; Global Socio-metabolic Transitions ; PART III - LTSER Formations and the transdisciplinary challenge ; Building an Urban LTSER: The Case of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study and the D.C./B.C. ULTRA-Ex Project ; Development of LTSER Platforms in LTER-Europe: Challenges and Experiences in Implementing Place-Based Long-Term Socio-ecological Research in Selected Regions ; Developing Socio-ecological Research in Finland: Challenges and Progress Towards a Thriving LTSER Network ; The Eisenwurzen LTSER Platform (Austria) - Implementation and Services ; Fostering Research into Coupled Long-Term Dynamics of Climate, Land Use, Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in the Central French Alps ; Long-Term Socio-ecological Research in Mountain Regions: Perspectives from the Tyrolean Alps ; Integrated Monitoring and Sustainability Assessment in the Tyrolean Alps: Experiences in Transdisciplinarity

Description / Table of Contents: AA-LAVA.- Accelerometer.- Acid Rain.- Adaptation.- Airphoto and Satellite Imagery.- Albedo.- Antecedent Conditions.- Arsenic in Groundwater.- Asteroid.- Asteroid Impact.- Asteroid Impact Mitigation.- Asteroid Impact Predictions.- Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time (ALERT).- Avalanches.- Aviation (Hazards to).- Avulsion.- Base Surge.- Beach Nourishment (Replenishment).- Beaufort Wind Scale.- Biblical Events.- Body Wave.- Breakwaters.- Building Code.- Building Failure.- Buildings, Structures, and Public Safety.- Calderas.- Casualties Following Natural Hazards.- Challenges to Agriculture.- Civil Protection and Crisis Management.- Classification of Natural Disasters.- Climate Change.- Cloud Seeding.- Coal Fire (Underground).- Coastal Erosion.- Coastal Zone Risk Management.- Cognitive Dissonance.- Collapsing Soil Hazards.- Comet.- Communicating Emergency Information.- Community Management of Natural Hazards.- Complexity Theory.- Concrete Structures.- Convergence.- Coping Capacity.- Cost-Benefit Analysis of Natural Hazard Mitigation.- Costs (Economic) of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Creep.- Critical Incident Stress Syndrome.- Critical Infrastructure.- Cryological Engineering.- Cultural Heritage and Natural Hazards.- Damage and the Built Environment.- Debris Avalanche.- Debris Flow.- Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation.- Desertification.- Disaster Diplomacy.- Disaster Relief.- Disaster Research and Policy, History.- Disaster Risk Management.- Disaster Risk Reduction.- Disasters.- Dispersive Soil Hazards.- Doppler Weather Radar.- Dose Rate.- Drought.- Dust Bowl.- Dust Devil.- Dust Storm.- Dvorak Classification of Hurricanes.- Early Warning Systems.- Earthquake.- Earthquake Damage.- Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting.- Earthquake Resistant Design.- Economic Valuation of Life.- Economics of Disasters.- Education and Training for Emergency Preparedness.- Elastic Rebound Theory.- Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR).- El Niño/Southern Oscillation.- Emergency Management.- Emergency Mapping.- Emergency Planning.- Emergency Shelter.- Epicenter.- Epidemiology of Disease in Natural Disasters.- Erosion.- Erosivity.- Eruption Types (Volcanic Eruptions).- Evacuation.- Expansive Soils and Clays.- Expert (Knowledge-Based) Systems for Disaster Management.- Exposure to Natural Hazards.- Extensometers.- Extinction.- Extreme Value Theory.- Eyjafjallajökull Eruptions 2010.- Fault.- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).- Fetch.- Fire and Firestorms.- Flash Flood.- Flood Deposits.- Flood Hazard and Disaster.- Flood Protection.- Flood Stage.- Floodplain.- Floodway.- Fog Hazard Mitigation.- Fog Hazards.- Föhn.- Forest and Range Fires.- Frequency and Magnitude of Events.- Frost Hazard.- Fujita Tornado Scale.- Fumarole.- Galeras Volcano, Colombia.- Gas-Hydrates.- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Natural Hazards.- Geographic Information Technology.- Geohazards.- Geological/Geophysical Disasters.- Glacier Hazards.- Global Change and its Implications for Natural Disasters.- Global Dust.- Global Network of Civil Society Organizations for Disaster Reduction.- Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Natural Hazards.- Global Seismograph Network (GSN).- Haiti Earthquake 2010: Psychosocial Impacts.- Harmonic Tremor.- Hazard.- Hazard and Risk Mapping.- Hazardousness of a Place.- Heat Waves.- High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster.- Historical Events.- Hospitals in Disaster.- Human Impacts of Hazards.- Humanity as an Agent of Natural Disasters.- Hurricane (Typhoon, Cyclone).- Hurricane Katrina.- Hydrocompaction Subsidence.- Hydrograph, Flood.- Hydrometeorological Hazards.- Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015.- Hypocenter.- Ice and Icebergs.- Ice Storms.- Impact Airblast.- Impact Ejecta.- Impact Fireball.- Impact Firestorms.- Impact Tsunamis.- Impact Winter.- Inclinometers.- Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004.- Induced Seismicity.- Information and Communication Technology.- Insect Hazards.- Insurance.- Integrated Emergency Management System.- Intensity Scales.- International Strategies for Disaster Reduction (IDNDR and ISDR).- Internet, World Wide Web and Natural Hazards.- Isoseismal.- Jökulhlaups.- Karst Hazards.- Krakatoa (Krakatau).- Lahar.- Land Degradation.- Land Subsidence.- Land Use, Urbanization, and Natural Hazards.- Landsat Satellite.- Landslide.- Landslide Dam.- Landslide Impacts.- Landslide Inventory.- Landslide Triggered Tsunami, Displacement Wave.- Landslide Types.- Land-Use Planing.- Lateral Spreading.- Lava.- Levee.- Lightning.- Liquefaction.- Livelihoods and Disasters.- Loess.- Macroseismic Survey.- Magma.- Magnitude Measures.- Marginality.- Marine Hazards.- Mass Media and Natural Disasters.- Mass Movement.- Megacities and Natural Hazards.- Mega-Fires in Greece (2007).- Mercalli, Giuseppe (1850-1914).- Meteorite.- Methane Release from Hydrate.- Mining Subsidence Induced Fault Reactivation.- Misconceptions About Natural Disaster.- Mitigation.- Modified Mercalli (MM) Scale.- Monitoring Natural Hazards.- Monsoons.- Montserrat Eruptions.- Mortality and Injury in Natural Disasters.- Mt Pinatubo.- Mud Volcanoes.- Mudflow.- Myths and Misconceptions in Disasters.- Natural Hazard.- Natural Hazards in Developing Countries.- Natural Radioactivity.- Neotectonics.- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia 1985.- North Anatolian Fault.- Nuée Ardente.- Overgrazing.- Ozone.- Ozone Loss.- Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (PTWS).- Pahoehoe Lava.- Paleoflood Hydrology.- Paleoseismology.- Paraglacial.- Perception of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Permafrost.- Piezometer.- Piping Hazard.- Planning Measures and Political Aspects.- Plate Tectonics.- Pore-Water Pressure.- Post Disaster Mass Care Needs.- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).- Primary Wave (P-Wave).- Probable Maximum Flood (PMF).- Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP).- Psychological Impacts of Natural Disasters.- Pyroclastic Flow.- Queensland Floods (2010-2011) and Tweeting.- Quick Clay.- Quick Sand.- Radiation Hazards.- Radon Hazards.- Recovery and Reconstruction After Disaster.- Recurrence Interval.- Red Cross and Red Crescent.- Red Tides.- Reflections on Modeling Disaster.- Release Rates.- Religion and Hazards.- Remote Sensing of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Reservoir, Dams, and Seismicity.- Resilience.- Richter, Charles Francis (1900-1985).- Rights and Obligations in International Humanitarian Assistance.- Rip Current.- Risk.- Risk Assessment.- Risk Governance.- Risk Perception and Communication.- Rock Avalanche (Sturzstrom).- Rockfall.- Rogue Wave.- Rotational Seismology.- Sackung.- Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale.- San Andreas Fault.- Santorini, Eruption.- Sea Level Change.- Secondary Wave (S-Wave).- Sedimentation of Reservoirs.- Seiche.- Seismic Gap.- Seismograph/Seismometer.- Seismology.- Shear.- Shield Volcano.- Sinkhole.- Slide and Slump.- Slope Stability.- Snowstorm and Blizzard.- Social-Ecological Systems.- Sociology of Disaster.- Solar Flares.- Solifluction.- Space Weather.- Storm Surges.- Storms.- Stratovolcanoes.- Structural Damage Caused by Earthquakes.- Structural Mitigation.- Subduction.- Subsidence Induced by Underground Extraction.- Sunspots.- Supernova.- Surge.- Susceptibility.- Tangshan, China (1976 Earthquake).- Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards.- Tectonic Tremor.- Thunderstorms.- Tidal Bores.- Tiltmeters.- Time and Space in Disaster.- Tohoku, Japan (2011 Earthquake and Tsunami).- Torino Scale.- Tornadoes.- Triggered Earthquakes.- Tsunami.- Tsunami Loads on Infrastructure.- Uncertainty.- United Nations Organizations and Natural Disasters.- Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).- Unreinforced Masonry Buildings.- Urban Environments and Natural Hazards.- Usoi Landslide and Lake Sarez.- Vaiont Landslide, Italy.- Vesuvius.- Volcanic Ash.- Volcanic Gas.- Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.- Vulnerability.- Warning Systems.- Waterspout.- Wenchuan, China (2008 Earthquake).- Wildfire.- World Economy, Impact of Disasters.- Worldwide Trends in Natural Disasters.- Zoning

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Magnetic Fields in the Large-scale Structure of the Universe.- The First Magnetic Fields.- Current Status of Turbulent Dynamo Theory: From Large-scale to Small-scale Dynamos.- Magnetic Fields in Cosmic Particle Acceleration Sources.- Cosmic rays in galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields.- Magnetic fields in galactic haloes.- Magnetic Fields in Massive Stars, their Winds, and their Nebulae.- Magnetic Fields, Relativistic Particles, and Shock Waves in Cluster Outskirts.- Magnetic Fields in Galaxies.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Earth's Interacting Atmospheric and Plasma Envelopes: Conceptual Remarks.- Interactions Between the Lower, Middle and Upper Atmosphere.- The Near-Earth Plasma Environment.- Trends in the Neutral and Ionized Upper Atmosphere.- Thermospheric Density: An Overview of Temporal and Spatial Variations.- Global Response of the Ionosphere to Atmospheric Tides Forced From Below: Recent Progress Based on Satellite Measurements.- A Review of the Effects of Non-Migrating Atmospheric Tides on the Earth's Low-Latitude Ionosphere.- In-Situ CHAMP Observation of Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling.- Observations of Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling During Major Solar Eclipses from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Constellation.

Description / Table of Contents: Volume II of this work examines fracture mechanics and damage, contact mechanics, friction and wear, linking active mechanisms on the microscopic scale with the laws of macroscopic behaviour. Includes numerous explanatory diagrams and illustrations.Designing new structural materials, extending lifetimes and guarding against fracture in service are among the preoccupations of engineers, and to deal with these they need to have command of the mechanics of material behaviour. This ought to reflect in the training of students. In this respect, the first volume of this work deals with elastic, elastoplastic, elastoviscoplastic and viscoelastic behaviours; this second volume continues with fracture mechanics and damage, and with contact mechanics, friction and wear. As in Volume I, the treatment links the active mechanisms on the microscopic scale and the laws of macroscopic behaviour. Chapter I is an introduction to the various damage phenomena. Chapter II gives the essential of fracture mechanics. Chapter III is devoted to brittle fracture, chapter IV to ductile fracture and chapter V to the brittle-ductile transition. Chapter VI is a survey of fatigue damage. Chapter VII is devoted to hydrogen embrittlement and to environment assisted cracking, chapter VIII to creep damage. Chapter IX gives results of contact mechanics and a description of friction and wear mechanisms.Finally, chapter X treats damage in non metallic materials: ceramics, glass, concrete, polymers, wood and composites. The volume includes many explanatory diagrams and illustrations. A third volume will include exercises allowing deeper understanding of the subjects treated in the first two volumes.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Various Types of Damage. - 2. Fracture Mechanics. - 3. Brittle Fracture. - 4. Ductile Fracture. - 5. Ductile-Brittle Transition. - 6. Fatigue. - 7. Environment Assisted Cracking. - 8. Creep-Fatigue-Oxidation Interactions. - 9. Contact Mechanics; Friction and Wear . - 10. Damage and Fracture of Non-metallic. - Materials Appendix A: Diffusion Coefficients. - Author Index. - Subject Index

Description / Table of Contents: This book reviews results from the CAWSES program, including the evolution of solar radiation, solar influence on Earth's atmosphere, the importance of coupling mechanisms and middle and upper atmosphere climate signals, relative to natural variability.CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) is the most important scientific program of SCOSTEP (Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics). CAWSES has triggered a scientific priority program within the German Research Foundation for a period of 6 years. Approximately 30 scientific institutes and 120 scientists were involved in Germany with strong links to international partners. The priority program focuses on solar influence on climate, atmospheric coupling processes, and space climatology. This book summarizes the most important results from this program covering some important research topics from the Sun to climate. Solar related processes are studied including the evolution of solar radiation with relevance to climate. Results regarding the influence of the Sun on the terrestrial atmosphere from the troposphere to the thermosphere are presented including stratospheric ozone, mesospheric ice clouds, geomagnetic effects, and their relevance to climate.Several chapters highlight the importance of coupling mechanisms within the atmosphere, covering transport mechanisms of photochemically active species, dynamical processes such as gravity waves, tides, and planetary waves, and feedback mechanisms between the thermal and dynamical structure of the atmosphere. Special attention is paid to climate signals in the middle and upper atmosphere and their significance relative to natural variability.

Description / Table of Contents: This book reviews the basic materials science and physics needed to understand the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals, and changes in microstructure that signal past deformation, a matter of fundamental interest in structural geology and geodynamics.This book sets out the basic materials science needed for understanding the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals. Although at atmospheric pressure or at relatively low environmental pressures, these materials tend to be brittle, that is, to fracture with little prior plastic deformation when non-hydrostatically stressed, they can undergo substantial permanent strain when stressed under environmental conditions of high confining pressure and high temperature, such as occur geologically in the Earth's crust and upper mantle. Thus the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals is of fundamental interest in structural geology and geodynamics. In mountain-building processes and during convective stirring in the Earth's mantle, rocks can undergo very large amounts of plastic flow, accompanied by substantial changes in microstructure. These changes in microstructure remain in the rocks as evidence of the past deformation history. There are a number of types of physical processes whereby rock and minerals can undergo deformation under geological conditions. The physics of these processes is set out in this book.

Description / Table of Contents: This book describes the potential, co-benefits and drawbacks of carbon (C) sequestration for ecosystem services. It includes a comparison of ecosystem services and their interaction with carbon sequestration in the biosphere. Ecological functions and human wellbeing depend on ecosystem services. Among the ecosystem services are provisional (food, feed, fuel, fiber), regulating (carbon sequestration, waste recycling, water cleansing), cultural (aesthetic, recreational, spiritual), and supporting services (soil formation, photosynthesis, nutrient cycling). Many relationships of various degree exist among ecosystem services. Thus, land use and soil management to enhance biospheric carbon sinks for carbon sequestration requires a comprehensive understanding on the effects on ecosystem services. Payments for ecosystem services including carbon pricing must address the relationship between carbon sequestration and ecosystem services to minimize risks of overshoot, and promote sustainable use of land-based carbon sinks for human wellbeing.

Description / Table of Contents: Contens: Foreword K. Topfer 1 Societal Dependence on Soil's Ecosystem Services; R. Lal, K. Lorenz, R.F. Huttl, B.U. Schneider, and J. von Braun 2 Soils and Ecosystem Services; R. Lal 3 Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration; K. Lorenz 4 Food Security Through Better Soil Carbon Management; K. Goulding, D. Powslon, A. Whitmore, and A. Macdonald 5 Soil Carbon and Water Security; K.H. Feger and D. Hawtree 6 Forests, Carbon Pool and Timber Production; R. Jandl, S. Schuler, A. Schindlbacher, and C. Tomiczek 7 Ecosystem Carbon and Soil Biodiversity; G. De Deyn 8 Ecosystem Services and the Global Carbon Cycle; M.R. Raupach 9 Losses of Soil Carbon to the Atmosphere via Inland Surface Waters; J.J.C. Dawson 10 Why Pests and Disease Regulation Should Concern Mankind; W.A. Oluoch-Kosura A.W. Muriuki, F.M. Olubayo, and D. Kilalo 11 Natural Hazards Mitigation Services of Carbon-Rich Ecosystems; R. Cochard 12 Safeguarding Regulating and Cultural Ecosystem Services: Degradation and Conservation Status; B. Egoh 13 Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production, Stocks and Flows of Carbon, and Biodiversity; H. Haberl, K.-H. Erb, S. Gingrich, T. Kastner, and F. Krausmann 14 Soil Carbon and Biofuels; I. Lewandowski 15 Land Degradation and Ecosystem Services; Z. Bai, D. Dent, Y. Wu, and R. de Jong 16 The Human Dimensions of Environmental Degradation and Ecosystem Services: Understanding and Solving the Commons Dilemma; A. Singh, R. Wilson, J. Bruskotter, J. Brooks, A. Zwickle, and E. Toman 17 Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Formation and Soil Fertility; T. Gaiser, K. Stahr 18 Managing Soil Organic Carbon for Advancing Food Security and Strengthening Ecosystem Services in China; M. Fan, J. Cao, W. Wei, F. Zhang, and Y. Su 19 Research and Development Priorities for Global Soil-related Policies and Programs; R. Lal, K. Lorenz, R.F. Huttl, B.U. Schneider, and J. von Braun

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Chapter 1. Climate Change - An Urban Problem? Chapter 2. Climate Risk and Vulnerability in the City Chapter 3. Accounting for Urban GHG emissions Chapter 4. Governing Climate Change in the City Chapter 5. Climate Change Mitigation and Low Carbon Cities Chapter 6. Urban Adaptation - Towards Climate Resilient Cities? Chapter 7. Climate Change Experiments and Alternatives in the City Chapter 8. Conclusions

Description / Table of Contents: Dieses Standardwerk hat sich seit vielen Jahren in Ausbildung und Studium bewährt. Gut strukturiert und in gut lesbaren Lerneinheiten vermittelt es Ihnen einen Überblick über das Gesamtgebiet der Fachinformatik, wie es die Prüfungsordnung der IHK für eine zwei- oder dreijährige Berufsausbildung vorschreibt. Sascha Kersken bietet Ihnen einen leichten Zugang zu allen Themen und Grundlagen der modernen Informationstechnik, wie sie Fachinformatiker in Ihrer Ausbildung benötigen: Aufbau der Computerhardware, Betriebssysteme, Netzwerktechnik, -protokolle und -anwendungen sowie Grundlagen der Programmierung werden ebenso wie das Thema Datenbanken und Multimedia berücksichtigt. Die neue Auflage wurde um viele aktuelle Themen und Trends erweitert. HTML5, CSS3, jQuery, Cloud Computing oder Scrum wurden dabei ebenso behandelt wie die aktuellen Versionen der Betriebssysteme Windows, Mac OS X und Linux.

Description / Table of Contents: Few subjects have caught the attention of the entire world as much as those dealing with natural hazards. The first decade of this new millennium provides a litany of tragic examples of various hazards that turned into disasters affecting millions of individuals around the globe. The human losses (some 225,000 people) associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the economic costs (approximately 200 billion USD) of the 2011 Tohoku Japan earthquake, tsunami and reactor event, and the collective social impacts of human tragedies experienced during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 all provide repetitive reminders that we humans are temporary guests occupying a very active and angry planet. Any examples may have been cited here to stress the point that natural events on Earth may, and often do, lead to disasters and catastrophes when humans place themselves into situations of high risk. Few subjects share the true interdisciplinary dependency that characterizes the field of natural hazards. From geology and geophysics to engineering and emergency response to social psychology and economics, the study of natural hazards draws input from an impressive suite of unique and previously independent specializations. Natural hazards provide a common platform to reduce disciplinary boundaries and facilitate a beneficial synergy in the provision of timely and useful information and action on this critical subject matter. As social norms change regarding the concept of acceptable risk and human migration leads to an explosion in the number of megacities, coastal over-crowding and unmanaged habitation in precarious environments such as mountainous slopes, the vulnerability of people and their susceptibility to natural hazards increases dramatically. Coupled with the concerns of changing climates, escalating recovery costs, a growing divergence between more developed and less developed countries, the subject of natural hazards remains on the forefront of issues that affect all people, nations, and environments all the time. This treatise provides a compendium of critical, timely and very detailed information and essential facts regarding the basic attributes of natural hazards and concomitant disasters. The Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards effectively captures and integrates contributions from an international portfolio of almost 300 specialists whose range of expertise addresses over 330 topics pertinent to the field of natural hazards. Disciplinary barriers are overcome in this comprehensive treatment of the subject matter. Clear illustrations and numerous color images enhance the primary aim to communicate and educate. The inclusion of a series of unique “classic case study” events interspersed throughout the volume provides tangible examples linking concepts, issues, outcomes and solutions. These case studies illustrate different but notable recent, historic and prehistoric events that have shaped the world as we now know it. They provide excellent focal points linking the remaining terms in the volume to the primary field of study. This Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards will remain a standard reference of choice for many years.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. A global outlook on urbanization --- 2. History of urbanization and the missing ecology --- 3. Urbanization and global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 4. Regional assessment of Asia.- 5. Sub-regional assessment of China: Urbanization in biodiversity hotspots --- 6. Sub-regional assessment of India --- 7. Local assessment of Bangalore.- 8. Local assessment of Tokyo --- 9. Local assessment of Shanghai --- 10. Patterns and trends in urban biodiversity and landscape design --- 11. Urban ecosystem services.- 12. Shrinking cities, biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 13. Regional assessments of Europe --- 14. Regional assessment of North America --- 15. Regional assessment of Oceania --- 16. Local assessment of Istanbul: Biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 17. Local assessment of Stockholm --- 18. Local assessment of Chicago --- 19. Local assessment of New York City.-20. Local assessment of Melbourne --- 21. A synthesis of global urbanization projections --- 22. Urbanization forecasts, effects on land use, biodiversity, and ecosystem services --- 23. Regional assessment of Africa --- 24. Local assessment of Cape Town.- 25. Climate change and urban biodiversity vulnerability --- 26. Feeding cities --- 27. Urban governance of biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 28. Regional assessment of Latin America --- 29. Local assessment of Rio de Janeiro.- 30. Urban landscapes as learning arenas for biodiversity and ecosystem services management --- 31. Restoration ecology in an urbanizing world --- 32. Indicators for management of urban biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 33. Stewardship of the Biosphere in the Urban Era

Description / Table of Contents: Sie möchten das Programmieren mit Visual Basic lernen? Dann führt Sie dieses Buch schnell und sicher zum Ziel. Anhand anschaulicher und leicht nachvollziehbarer Beispiele werden alle wichtigen Themen erläutert: Grundlagen zu Variablen, Operatoren, Schleifen und Co., objektorientierte Programmierung, Fehlerbehandlung, Erstellen von Datenbank- und Internetanwendungen. Auch in die Entwicklung von GUIs mit der Windows Presentation Foundation und von Windows Store Apps für Windows 8 werden Sie eingeführt. Ausführliche Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitungen und regelmäßige Zusammenfassungen sichern Ihren Lernerfolg. Ihr neu gewonnenes Wissen können Sie an einer Vielzahl von Übungsaufgaben unter Beweis stellen und an Musterlösungen überprüfen. So werden Sie schon bald selbstständig eigene Windows-Programme entwickeln.

Description / Table of Contents: Wenn Sie ein Buch suchen, dass Ihnen bei allen Fragen der C#-Entwicklung zuverlässig mit Rat und Tat zur Seite steht, dann ist unser bewährtes Kompendium genau das Richtige für Sie. Mittlerweile in der 6. Auflage dient es ambitionierten Ein- und Umsteigern durch seine strukturierte Vorgehensweise und die zahlreichen Anwendungsbeispiele als praxisorientierte Einführung; Fortgeschrittene und Profis unterstützt es als Nachschlagewerk optimal bei ihrer täglichen Arbeit. In den ersten Kapiteln werden zunächst die Grundlagen von C#, .NET und der objektorientierten Programmierung vermittelt. Es folgen Kapitel zur effizienten Entwicklung mit Visual Studio 2012, zur Fehlerbehandlung sowie zu fortgeschrittenen C#-Themen wie LINQ, Multithreading, Serialisierung u. v. m. Den größten Themenblock bildet die Entwicklung von grafischen Benutzeroberflächen. Neben einer fundierten Einführung in die WPF und XAML erfahren Sie hier alles Notwendige, um auch komplexe Anwendungen zu gestalten. Anschließend wird die Datenbankprogrammierung mit ADO.NET ausführlich behandelt und zu guter Letzt die Weitergabe von .NET-Anwendungen thematisiert. So sind Sie für Ihren Arbeitsalltag bestens gerüstet!

Description / Table of Contents: Unsere Autoren zeigen Ihnen, wie Sie schnell zur eigenen App kommen. Dabei werden alle wichtigen Themen in der gebotenen Tiefe mit viel Hintergrundwissen beschrieben. Praktische und direkt nachvollziehbare Beispiele helfen beim Verständnis. Natürlich kommt in diesem Buch auch die Programmierung nicht zu kurz. Grundkenntnisse sollten jedoch vorhanden sein. Eine kurze Einführung in Objective-C und Cocoa vermittelt Ihnen alles, was Sie wissen müssen. Inkl. Schnittstellen zum Datenaustausch, Events, Alerts, Datenverwaltung mit Core Data, Sicherheit und die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Netzwerkprogrammierung.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. A global outlook on urbanization --- 2. History of urbanization and the missing ecology --- 3. Urbanization and global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 4. Regional assessment of Asia.- 5. Sub-regional assessment of China: Urbanization in biodiversity hotspots --- 6. Sub-regional assessment of India --- 7. Local assessment of Bangalore.- 8. Local assessment of Tokyo --- 9. Local assessment of Shanghai --- 10. Patterns and trends in urban biodiversity and landscape design --- 11. Urban ecosystem services.- 12. Shrinking cities, biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 13. Regional assessments of Europe --- 14. Regional assessment of North America --- 15. Regional assessment of Oceania --- 16. Local assessment of Istanbul: Biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 17. Local assessment of Stockholm --- 18. Local assessment of Chicago --- 19. Local assessment of New York City.-20. Local assessment of Melbourne --- 21. A synthesis of global urbanization projections --- 22. Urbanization forecasts, effects on land use, biodiversity, and ecosystem services --- 23. Regional assessment of Africa --- 24. Local assessment of Cape Town.- 25. Climate change and urban biodiversity vulnerability --- 26. Feeding cities --- 27. Urban governance of biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 28. Regional assessment of Latin America --- 29. Local assessment of Rio de Janeiro.- 30. Urban landscapes as learning arenas for biodiversity and ecosystem services management --- 31. Restoration ecology in an urbanizing world --- 32. Indicators for management of urban biodiversity and ecosystem services --- 33. Stewardship of the Biosphere in the Urban Era

Description / Table of Contents: The Handbook provides a comprehensive statement and reference point for hazard and disaster research, policy making, and practice in an international and multi-disciplinary context. It offers critical reviews and appraisals of current state of the art and future development of conceptual, theoretical and practical approaches as well as empirical knowledge and available tools. Organized into five inter-related sections, this Handbook contains sixty-five contributions from leading scholars. Section one situates hazards and disasters in their broad political, cultural, economic, and environmental context. Section two contains treatments of potentially damaging natural events/phenomena organized by major earth system. Section three critically reviews progress in responding to disasters including warning, relief and recovery. Section four addresses mitigation of potential loss and prevention of disasters under two sub-headings: governance, advocacy and self-help, and communication and participation. Section five ends with a concluding chapter by the editors.The engaging international contributions reflect upon the politics and policy of how we think about and practice applied hazard research and disaster risk reduction. This Handbook provides a wealth of interdisciplinary information and will appeal to students and practitioners interested in Geography, Environment Studies and Development Studies.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part 1: Setting the Scene on Climate Change 1. An Invisible Truth? Perceptions and Misperceptions of Climate Change 2. Limited Vision: Understanding Perceptual Problems with Climate Change 3. A New Climate Change Lens: Principles for Shifting Perceptions of Climate Change 4. Learning to See: Reframing Community Perceptions of Carbon and Climate Change Part 2: Knowing, Seeing, and Acting on Community Carbon & Climate Change 5. Right Before Our Eyes: Seeing Carbon 6. Hot in My Backyard: Seeing the Impacts of Climate Change 7. Cutting the Carbon: Seeing Mitigation Solutions to Climate Change 8. Being Prepared: Seeing Adaptation Solutions to Climate Change 9. Seeing the Big Picture on Community Carbon and Climate Change Part 3: Switching Lenses: Changing Minds with Visual Learning Tools 10. Landscape Messaging: Making Climate Change More Visible In the Community 11. Visual Media: Knowing Climate Change When You See it in Pictures 12. The Modern Crystal Ball: Visualizing the Future with Climate Change 13. Local Climate Change Visioning: Enhanced Processes for Planning Community Futures Part 4: With New Eyes to See: What the Future Looks Like With Climate Change 14. Realizing Future Community Visions: Getting to Low-carbon, Attractive, Resilient Communities Appendix: Code of Ethics for Landscape Visualization.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: On the economics of decarbonization in an imperfect world ; The economics of decarbonizing the energy system - results and insights from the RECIPE model intercomparison ; The value of technology and of its evolution towards a low carbon economy ; On the regional distribution of mitigation costs in a global cap-and-trade regime ; Time to act now? Assessing the costs of delaying climate measures and benefits of early action ; The Imaclim-R model: infrastructures, technical inertia and the costs of low carbon futures under imperfect foresight ; Technology innovation and diffusion in "less than ideal" climate policies: An assessment with the WITCH model ; The REMIND-R model: the role of renewables in the low-carbon transformation - first-best vs. second-best worlds

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface ; 1. The Clean Development Mechanism Gold Rush ; 2. Development Co-operation and Climate Change: Political-Economic Determinants of Adaptation Aid ; 3. How Brazil and China have Financed Industry Development and Energy Security Initiatives that Support Mitigation Objectives ; 4. The Adaptation Fund: Towards Resilient Economies in the Developing World ; 5. Fast-Start Finance - Scattered Governance, Information and Programmes ; 6. New Market Mechanisms for Mitigation - Getting the Incentives Right ; 7. Mobilising Mitigation Policies in the South through a Financing Mix ; 8. Market Mechanisms for Adaptation - an Aberration or a Key Source of Finance? ; 9. Harnessing the Financial Markets to Leverage Low Carbon Technology Diffusion ; 10. Climate Finance and Backstop Technologies ; 11. Manouvering Climate Finance Around the Pitfalls - Finding the Right Policy Mix

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Practical Policy Analysis Using TERM ; Part 1 The TERM Approach ; 2 The TERM Model and Its Database ; 3 Introducing Dynamics to TERM ; Part 2 Water Modeling ; 4 Water Resources Modeling: A Review ; 5 The Theory of TERM-H2O ; 6 Buybacks to Restore the Southern Murray-Darling Basin ; 7 The Economic Consequences of a Prolonged Drought in the Southern Murray-Darling Basin ; 8 Urban Water Supply: A Case Study of South-East Queensland ; 9 Applying TERM-H2O to Other Countries

Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. The volume addresses the following major topics: research results in observing aspects of the Arctic climate system and its processes across a range of time and space scales; representation of cryospheric, atmospheric, and oceanic processes in models, including simulation of their interaction with coupled models; our understanding of the role of the arctic in the global climate system, its response to large-scale climate variations, and the processes involved.

Description / Table of Contents: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: PART I: Climate Impacts and Vulnerability 1. Vulnerability to Climate Change and Poverty 2. Climate Change and Water Supply 3. Food Security in a Changing Climate 4. Vulnerability of Coastal Populations PART II: Human Rights, Justice And Development 5. Climate Change and Human Rights 6. Triangle of Justice 7. Development as Enhancement of Life Chances 8. Criteria for Compatibility of Climate and Development Policies 9. Regulatory Policy: Guiding Social Principles and Individual Responsibility 10. Cultures and Religions PART III: Climate Change Mitigation Options: Challenges and Costs 11. The 2°C Target Reconsidered 12. Climate Change Mitigation: Options, Costs and Risks 13. Land Use Management for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation PART IV: Climate Change Adaptation Options: Challenges And Costs14. Adaptation in Water Management 15. Agricultural Adaptation Options: Production Technology, Insurance, Trade 16. The Role Of Ecosystem Services in Increasing the Adaptive Capacity of the Poor PART V: Case Studies on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation 17. Adaptation Options to Climate-Induced Glacier Retreat in Bolivia 18. Adaptation Options for Small Rice Farmers in the Philippines 19. Deforestation, Indigenous Peoples, and the Poor in Indonesia 20. Barriers for Avoiding Deforestation in Ecuador 21. Potentials and Limitations of Microinsurance for Protecting the Poor 22. From The Last Mile to the First: Risk Awareness is the Key 23. The Role of Development Cooperation in Climate Change Adaptation PART VI: A Global Deal For Linking Climate And Development Policy 24. Climate Policy in a Decentralized World 25. A Global Carbon Market and the Allocation of Emission Rights 26. Mechanisms for Avoiding Deforestation and Forest Degradation 27. Worldwide Promotion and Diffusion of Climate-Friendly Technologies 28. International Adaptation Funding 29. Strengthening Development Politics and Global Partnership 30. Sustainable Development as a Cornerstone of a Future Energy System

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword 1. Spatial Science and Its Traditions 2. Literature Reviews 3. Research Questions 4. Data and Methods in Spatial Science 5. Graduate Degree Proposals 6. Grants and Grant Writing 7. Disseminating Research 8. Reflections on Proposal Writing in Spatial Science 9. Model Proposals 10. Thesis I: Human Systems 11. Thesis II: Human Systems-Mixed Methods 12. Dissertation I: Human-Environment Interactions 13. Dissertation II: Geo-Techniques 14. Dissertation III: Physical Systems 15. Extramural Grant I: Collaborative Research and Outreach 16. Extramural Grant II: Instrumentation 17. Extramural III: Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant 18. Intramural Grants Index

Description / Table of Contents: Dieses umfassende Handbuch bietet Ihnen nahezu vollständiges Linux-Wissen. Es erklärt, wie man Linux als leistungsstarke Workstation nutzen kann und widmet sich ausführlich professionelleren Themen wie Administration des Systems, Shell, Netzwerkkonfiguration und Sicherheit. Das Buch ist geeignet für Nutzer aller gängigen Linux-Distributionen. Die beiliegenden Multiboot-DVDs enthalten eine große Auswahl an Linux-Systemen. Das Buch ist konsequent praxisnah geschrieben, immer verständlich und sehr gründlich in der Behandlung aller Themen. Diese 5. Auflage wurde umfassend aktualisiert und verbessert. Sowohl Einsteiger als auch Profis werden von diesem kompetenten Handbuch profitieren.

Description / Table of Contents: Die Fortsetzung des Java-Kultbuchs für Entwickler! Hier bekommen Sie umfassendes und kompetentes Praxiswissen zu den vielen Bibliotheken und Technologien in einem Band. Am Beispiel konkreter Java-Projekte zeigt Christian Ullenboom, was man wissen muss über Swing, Netzwerk- und Grafikprogrammierung, RMI und Web-Services, JavaServer Pages und Servlets, Applets, JDBC, Reflection und Annotationen, Logging und Monitoring, Java Native Interface (JNI) und vieles mehr. Dieses Buch ist Ihr unersetzlicher Begleiter bei der täglichen Arbeit!

Description / Table of Contents: Umfassender geht es nicht! Hier erfahren Sie alles, was Sie mit der Version 11.04 »Natty Narwhal« (dt. »Schicker Zahnwal«) der beliebtesten Linux-Distribution Ubuntu anstellen können. Von der Installation, der Paketverwaltung über Optimierung, Programmierung, Migration und Kernelkompilierung bis hin zur Virtualisierung und Netzwerktechnik finden Sie alle wichtigen Fragen zu Ubuntu Linux in diesem Buch beantwortet. Darüber hinaus profitieren Sie von mehr als 300 eigens gekennzeichneten Tipps und Tricks sowie von zahlreichen Praxisworkshops. Werden Sie mit diesem Buch ganz einfach zum Ubuntu-Profi! Übrigens: Auch eingefleischte Ubuntu-Nutzer werden in dieser Ausgabe zur aktuellen Version viel Neues entdecken - denn Ubuntu setzt seit »Natty Narwhal« mit der Unity-Oberfläche auf einen neuen Look.

Description / Table of Contents: Klaus M. Rodewig und Clemens Wagner geben Ihnen einen Einblick in die Architektur des iPhone und des iPad und eine Anleitung zum Programmieren eigener Applikationen. Dabei werden alle wichtigen Themen in der gebotenen Tiefe mit Hintergrundwissen beschrieben. Praktische Beispiele unterstützen Sie von Anfang an, so dass Sie direkt loslegen können. Erste Ergebnisse können Sie im iPhone Simulator direkt testen. Sie erhalten einen Überblick über die verschiedenen iPhone- und iPod Touch-Modelle, erfahren, wie Sie in der Apple Developer Connection Mitglied werden können und Applikationen für das iPhone im Appstore anbieten können. Natürlich kommt in diesem Buch auch der Hintergrund nicht zu kurz. Eine kurze Einführung in Objective-C und Cocoa vermittelt Ihnen alles, was Sie wissen müssen. Inkl. Schnittstellen zum Datenaustausch, Events, Alerts, Datenverwaltung mit Core Data und die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Netzwerkprogrammierung. Profis werden von den Tipps und Tricks zur Konfiguration und Verwendung von Xcode, Debugging und der Arbeit mit einem Versionierungssystem profitieren.

Description / Table of Contents: The interplay between Geology and Biology has shaped the Earth from the early Precambrian, 4 billion years ago. Moving beyond the borders of the classical core disciplines, Geobiology strives to identify cause-and-effect chains and synergisms between the geo- and the biospheres that have been driving evolution of life in modern and ancient environments. Combining modern methods, geobiological information can be extracted not only from visible remains of organisms, but also from organic molecules, rock fabrics, minerals, isotopes and other tracers. Exploring these processes and their signatures also creates enormous applied potentials with respect to issues of environment protection, public health, energy and resource management. The Encyclopedia of Geobiology is designed as a key reference for students, researchers, teachers, and the informed public to provide basic, but comprehensible knowledge on this rapidly expanding discipline at the interface between modern geo- and biosciences.

Description / Table of Contents: Acetogens.-Acid Rock Drainage.- Acidophiles.-Acritarchs.- Aerobic Metabolism.-Algae (Eukaryotic) .-Alkalinity.-Amber.-Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane with Sulfate.-Anaerobic Transformation Processes, Microbiology.-Anammox.-Animal Biocalcification, Evolution.-Animal Skeletons, Advent.-Archaea.-Arsenic.-Asteroid and Comet Impacts.-Astrobiology.-Bacteria.-Bacterioplankton.-Banded Iron Formations.-Basalt (Glass, Endoliths) .-Beggiatoa.-Biodeterioration (of Stone).-Bioerosion.-Biofilms.-Biofilms and Fossilization.- Biogeochemical Cycless.- Biological Control on Diagenesis: Influence of Bacteria and Relevance to Ocean Acidification.-Biological Volcanic Rock Weathering.-Biomarkers (Molecular Fossils). -Biomarkers (Organic, Compound-Specific Isotopes).- Biomining (Mineral Bioleaching, Mineral Biooxidation).-Bioprotection.- Biosignatures in Rocks.- Biosilicification.- Black Shales.- Breakup of Rodinia.- Calcareous Algae.- Calcification.-Calcified Cyanobacteria.-Calcite Precipitation, Microbially Induced.-Calcium Biogeochemistry.-Cap Carbonates.-Carbon (Organic, Cycling) .-Carbon (Organic, Degradation) .-Carbon Cycle.-Carbon Isotopes.-Carbonate Environments.-Carbonates.-Cathodoluminescence Microscopy.-Chemolithotrophy.-Cherts.-Chondrites.-Chroococcidiopsis.-Clay Authigenesis, Bacterial.-Coccolithophores.-Cold Seeps.-Comets.-Commensalism.-Community.-Copper.-Cosmic Molecular Clouds.-Critical Intervals in Earth History.-Cryobiosphere.-Cyanobacteria.-Deep Biosphere of Salt Deposits.-Deep Biosphere of Sediments.-Deep Biosphere of the Oceanic Deep Sea.-Deep Fluids.-Degradation (of Organic Matter) .-Denitrification.-Desert Varnish.-Detachment.-Diatoms.-Dinoflagellates.-Divalent Earth Alkaline Cations in Seawater.-Diversity.-Dolomite, Microbial.-Early Earth.-Early Precambrian Eukaryotes.-Ecological Niche.-Ediacaran Biota.-Endoliths.-Endosymbiosis.-Evaporites.-Exoenzymes.-Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) .-Extreme Environments.-Fe(II)-Oxidizing Prokaryotes.-Fe(III)-Reducing Prokaryotes.-Fermentation.-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) .-Foraminifera.-Frutexites.-Fungi and Lichens.-Gallionella.-Geobacter.-Geochronology.-Geomycology.-Geyserite.-Glass.-Glaucophytes.-Gold.-Gondwanaland, Formation.-Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) .-Green Algae.-Guild.-Habitat.-Halobacteria Halophiles.-Haptophytes.-Heavy Metals.-Histology.-Hot Springs and Geysers.-Hydrogen.-Hydrothermal Environments, Fossil.-Hydrothermal Environments, Marine.-Hydrothermal Environments, Terrestrial.-Hypersaline Environments.-Ichnology.-Immunolocalization.-Iron Isotopes.-Iron Sulfide Formation.-Isotope Fractionation (Metal) .-Isotopes (Methods) .-Isotopes and Geobiology.-Isotopes, Radiogenic.-Karst Ecosystems.-Lateral Gene Transfer.-Leptothrix.-Magnetotactic Bacteria.-Manganese (Sedimentary Carbonates and Sulfides) .-Mass Extinctions, Phanerozoic.-Mat-Related Sedimentary Structures.-Metagenomics.-Metalloenzymes.-Metallogenium.-Metals, Acquisition by Marine Bacteria.-Meteoritics.-Methane Oxidation (Aerobic) .-Methane, Origin.-Methanogens.-Microbial Biomineralization.-Microbial Communities, Structure, and Function.-Microbial Degradation.-Microbial Ecology of Submarine Caves.-Microbial Mats.-Microbial Silicification Bacteria (or Passive) .-Microbial Surface Reactivity.-Microbialites, Modern.-Microbialites, Stromatolites, and Thrombolites.-Microbial-Metal Binding.-Microbiocorrosion.-Microsensors for Sediments, Microbial Mats, and Biofilms.-Molar-tooth Structure.-Moonmilk.-Mud Mounds.-Mutualism.-Mycorrhizae.-Nan(n)obacteria.-Nanocrystals, Microbially Induced.-Nickel, Biology.-Nitrification.-Nitrogen.-Nitrogen Fixation.-Ores, Microbial Precipitation and Oxidation.-Organic Carbon.-Organomineralization.-Origin of Life.-Origins of the Metazoa.-Parasitism.-Pedogenic Carbonates.-Permafrost Microbiology.-Phosphorus, Phosphorites.-Photosynthesis.-Piezophilic Bacteria.-Pore Waters.-Protozoa (Heterotroph, Eukaryotic) .-Pyrite Oxidation.-Radioactivity (Natural) .-Radiolaria.-Raman Microscopy (Confocal) .-Reduction Spheroids.-Reefs.-Remineralization (of Organic Matter) .-Rhodophyta.-RNA-World.-Saline Lakes.-Salinity History of the Earths Ocean.-Scanning Probe Microscopy (Includes Atomic Force Microscopy) .-Sediment Diagenesis Biologically Controlled.-Selenium.-Shales.-Shewanella.-Siderite.-Siderophores.-Silica Biomineralization, Sponges.-Silicoflagellates.-Sinter.-Skeleton.-Small Shelly Fossils.-Snowball Earth.-Soda Lakes.-Soda Ocean Hypothesis.-Soils.-Species (Microbial) .-Speleothems.-Sponges (Porifera) and Sponge Microbes.-Stromatactis.-Stromatolites.-Subsurface Filamentous Fabrics.-Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria.-Sulfide Mineral Oxidation.-Sulfur Cycle.-Sulfur Isotopes.-Symbiosis.-Syntrophy.-Terrestrial Deep Biosphere.-Thioester World.-Thiomargarita.-Thiotrophic Bacteria.-Thrombolites.-Tidal Flats.-TOF-SIMS.-Trace Fossils: Neoproterozoic.-Tufa, Freshwater.-Waulsortian Mud Mounds.-Whale and Wood Falls.-Zinc.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction to Infrastructure and Demography (InfraDem).- PART I.- 1. The Setting: Demographic Trends and Economic Development in Germany and Two Selected Regions.- 2. Macroeconomic Conditions for Infrastructure Adaptation to Demographic Change.- 3. Demographically Induced Changes in the Structure of Final Demand and Infrastructure Use.- PART II.- 4. Demographic Effects on Passenger Transport Demand.- 5. The Demand for Air Transport and Consequences for the Airports of Hamburg and Rostock.- 6. Impacts on the National Energy System.- 7. The Potential for District Heating Based on Renewable Energy - A Spatial Analysis.- PART III.- 8. Mobility of the Elderly - Facts and Projections.- 9. On the Energy Demand of Households.- PART IV.- 10. Evaluation of Findings on Sustainability Strategies.- 11. Policy Implications: The Regional Perspective and Beyond

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: High-resolution Paleoclimatology - R. Bradley What is high-resolution paleoclimatology? What are its major achievements? What opportunities and challenges does it now face? What should dendroclimatology's role be in this? Chapter 2: Dendroclimatology in high-resolution Paleoclimatology - M. K. Hughes, H. F. Diaz and Th. W. Swetnam An overview of the development of dendroclimatology and an introduction to the questions posed in this book. Scientific bases of dendroclimatology Chapter 3: How well understood are the processes that create tree-ring records? - G. Vaganov Starting at the most basic level of the environmental control of tree-ring formation, do we have the necessary biological and ecophysiological understanding of this to support inferences about climate variability from tree rings? What are the weak points of this understanding and how might they be strengthened? Chapter 4: The state of the art of quantitative methods in dendroclimatology - E. Cook How sound are the quantitative techniques commonly used in dendroclimatology, in chronology building, identification and reconstruction of climate variables and the checking of these reconstructions? Are they appropriate to the material being analyzed and to the climatological problems being addressed? How might they be improved? Chapter 5: Detecting low-frequency change using tree rings - K. Briffa What limits the ability of tree-ring records to faithfully record climate variability at low frequencies (multi-centennial to millennial)? How might those limitations be overcome, if at all? What are the advantages and limitations of older and more novel approaches? What are the implications of these limitations? Reconstruction of climate patterns and values relative to today's climate Chapter 6: Dendroclimatology at regional and continental scales - R. Villalba What have been the major contributions of dendroclimatology to climatology so far? In what regions and for which climate problems is exciting progress now being made? What next? Chapter 7: Dendroclimatology at hemispheric and global scales - M. K. Hughes and M. Mann What are the achievements of dendroclimatology as applied at hemispheric and global scales climate patterns, circulation indices and large-scale means? What are the limitations of this approach? How might they be overcome? How might dendroclimatology contribute to the study of central pressing problems such as "How big is climate sensitivity? How has the last century, and especially recent decades, compared with earlier centuries? How faithful a representation of variability in recent centuries does the 20th century instrumental record give? Particular attention will be given to: a) identifying the most robust findings; and b) the most serious limitations. Chapter 8: Dendroclimatology, dendrohydrology and water resources management - C. Woodhouse and D. Meko How may dendroclimatology contribute to the study of water resources? How may it be used to inform modern public and decision-maker expectations of climate variability? Chapter 9: Dendroclimatology and the ecosystem impacts of climate - Th. W. SwetnamHow has dendroclimatology contributed to disturbance ecology? What is the significance of the recent changes in tree-growth-climate relationships observed in some regions, not only for dendroclimatology, but also for the understanding of the impacts of climate variability and change on ecosystems? Chapter 10: Dendroclimatology and the understanding of the interactions between climate variability and ancient human societies - D. Stahle and J. DeanHow has dendroclimatology contributed to understanding of the relationships between climate variability and societies in ancient times? Chapter 11: Tree rings and climate- sharpening the focus - M. K. Hughes, H. F. Diaz and Th. W. Swetnam What has been learned, using tree rings, about natural climate variability and its environmental and social impacts? What are the most significant strengths and weaknesses of dendroclimatology and the needs of, and opportunities for, future work.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents an overview of the current state of dendroclimatology, its contributions over the last 30 years, and its future potential. The material included is useful not only to those who generate tree-ring records of past climate-dendroclimatologists, but also to users of their results - climatologists, hydrologists, ecologists and archeologists.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and Problems; Friction, Cohesion, and Slope Stability; Introduction to Fluid Mechanics; Non-Newtonian Fluids, Mudflows, and Debris Flows:A Rheological Approach; A Short Introduction to the Physics of Granular Media; Granular Flows and Rock Avalanches; Landslides in Peculiar Environments; Rockfalls, Talus Formation, and Hillslope Evolution; Subaqueous Landslides; Other Forms of Gravity Mass Flows with Potentially Hazardous Effects