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  • Books  (2,464)
  • bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general  (1,255)
  • bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine  (1,212)
  • 2020-2024  (2,464)
  • 1950-1954
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  • Books  (2,464)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint is the printed edition of the Special Issue published in Materials. The reprint provides an overview on current international research activities in the field of advanced pulse laser machining technology. It covers fundamental and applied aspects and collects contributions of renowned scientists from academics and industries working in the fields of laser processing, materials science, physics, chemistry, and engineering in order to foster the current knowledge and present new ideas for future applications and new technologies.
    Keywords: multi-beam micromachining ; beam splitting ; invar ; shadow masks ; OLED ; nanosecond laser ; direct laser interference patterning ; design of experiments ; central composite design ; morphological filtering ; surface texture homogeneity ; micro structuring ; bearing steel ; dual laser beam processing ; excited state absorption ; semiconducting thin films ; stimulated emission depletion ; femtosecond laser ; silicon ; amorphization ; crystallization ; spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry ; transmission electron microscopy ; atomic force microscopy ; laser ablation ; ultrafast ; re-deposition ; fs-laser writing ; waveguides ; element redistribution ; Soret effect ; diffusion competition effects ; ultra-short pulses ; double pulses ; burst processing ; MHz bursts ; GHz bursts ; X-ray emission ; micromachining ; dose rate ; X-ray spectrum ; ultrafast laser ; laser ; ultrashort pulse ; plasma ; X-ray ; Bremsstrahlung ; resonance absorption ; burst ; bi-burst ; beam shaping ; squared top-hat ; fs-laser ; laser surface structuring ; laser-induced periodic surface structures ; micro-channels ; glass ; ultrafast laser processing ; Bessel beam ; X-ray emission hazards ; ultrashort pulsed laser ; radiation protection ; industrial applications ; protection housing ; ambient dose rate ; pulsed laser ; laser micromachining ; mechanical shutter ; solenoid shutter ; electro-optic modulator shutter ; opening time ; lifetime ; X-ray energies ; X-ray dose rate ; laser printing ; laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) ; digital manufacturing ; additive manufacturing ; printing of materials ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Global warming is imposing tremendous challenges upon human and otherwise biotic life on Earth. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. The consensus is that the moisture transport by the atmospheric circulation strengthens and makes already wet areas of moisture convergence wetter and already dry areas of moisture divergence drier. Therefore, the tropics and mid-to-high latitudes will get wetter and the subtropics will get drier. Without any change in the interannual variability of hydroclimate, the change in the mean hydroclimate would equally increase drought risk in some places and flood risk in others. Moreover, global warming will cause the interannual variability of the hydroclimate to intensify, which will induce more droughts and floods. Furthermore, the changing atmospheric circulation interaction with the land surface may cause storm track alterations and may play an important role in shaping moisture redistribution. The author's contributions have documented the precipitation trends in southeast of the US, the Nile River Basin Ethiopia, Iraq, the Huai River Basin of northern China, and the Qilian Mountains of western China. The precipitation predictability on both global and regional scales are also studied. The interaction among climate systems in southeast Asia is also explicitly documented.
    Keywords: El Niño ; winter weather types ; precipitable water ; surface water vapor pressure ; consistency ; interannual and long-term trend ; precipitation ; trend analysis ; Iraq ; climate projection ; CMIP5 ; groundwater levels ; rainfall ; temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm ; rainstorm process ; rainstorm intensity ; risk estimation and mapping ; CMIP6 ; risk prediction ; Southwest China ; rainstorm and flood ; spatial and temporal change ; atmospheric circulation ; rainfall change ; CHIRPS ; PERSIANN-CDR ; descriptive statistics ; non-parametric trends ; Google Earth Engine ; central Punjab ; climate change ; land cover/land use ; vegetation ; NDVI ; Huai River Basin ; trends and variability ; flood magnitude ; Qilian Mountains ; cyclones power dissipation index (PDI) ; monsoon trough ; El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) ; Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) ; Walker circulation ; predictability ; global ; seasonal precipitation ; ENSO ; MJO ; climate trend ; land use land cover ; Nile River Basin ; water resources ; raindrop spectrum ; radar ; dynamic Z-I ; LSTM neural network ; precipitation estimation ; Loess Plateau ; spring maize ; relative soil moisture ; drought index ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Landscapes and cultural heritage have faced many challenges over time, including modifications and degradation that appear with time, overlaps with other challenges not previously observed, and the influence of cities and management. One of the most visible and globally discussed challenges is climate change. Therefore, there is an urgent need to launch initiatives to tackle climate change and other current challenges from the perspective of landscape and cultural heritage protection. This Special Issue presents selected papers of studies conducted in relation to the 28th Conference on the Series of Garden Art and Historical Dendrology entitled “Climate Change and Current Challenges for Landscapes and Cultural Heritage” that was held on 28 and 29 October 2021. This collection serves as a platform for the exchange of experiences among researchers from different scientific domains.
    Keywords: nature reserves ; landscape fragmentation ; north–south transitional zone ; spatial differentiation ; Qinling–Daba Mountains ; habitat quality ; water dams ; Krakow fortress ; climate change ; environmental management ; cultural heritage conservation ; urban densification ; prefabricated housing estates ; spatial devastation ; protection of urban layout ; Cracow ; climate change mitigation ; cultural heritage ; urban renewal ; urban parks ; therapeutic landscapes ; climate resilience ; vernacular heritage ; climate narratives ; climate adaptation ; climate stories ; courtyard ; urban green infrastructure ; urban pattern ; supervised classification ; ecosystem services (ES) ; urban cemeteries ; biocultural diversity (BCD) ; urban green infrastructure (UGI) ; questionnaire survey ; Leipzig ; Łódź ; sensory gardens ; urban green spaces ; aromatic herbs ; plant smell memory ; stress ; human wellbeing in urban areas ; restorative environments ; history of gardens ; castle garden ; goosefoot avenue ; star-shaped garden layout ; Austro-Hungarian Empire ; Transylvania as part of Romania ; green infrastructure ; resilience management ; biodiversity ; scenario analysis ; cellular automata model ; historic psychiatric hospitals ; therapeutic landscape ; green therapy ; horticulture therapy ; historical commons ; human cultural heritage ; local development ; landscape values ; rainwater management ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This book is comprised of important reviews and cutting-edge original research papers concerning electrospun and electrosprayed formulations in drug delivery. Electrospinning and electrospraying have, in recent years, attracted increasing attention in the pharmaceutical sector, with research in the area advancing rapidly. It is now possible to prepare extremely complex systems using multi-fluid processes, and to increase production rates to an industrial scale. Electrospun formulations can be produced under GMP conditions and are in clinical trials. In this volume, we explore a range of topics around electrospinning and electrospraying in controlled drug delivery. Four reviews cover the exciting potential of cyclodextrin-containing fibers and the many potential biomedical applications of electrospun fibers. The use of electrospinning to prepare amorphous systems and improve the dissolution rate and solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients is addressed, and the possibilities of such materials in tissue engineering are comprehensively covered. The six original research papers cover the effect of molecular properties on API release from Eudragit-based electrospun fibers; ferulic acid solid dispersions; electrospun medicines to treat psoriasis; scale up of electrospinning and its use to produce low-dose tablets; transepithelial permeation of drugs released from electrospun fibers, and the possibilities for the synergistic chemophotothermal treatment of cancer.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; tissue engineering ; cyclodextrin ; permeability ; poly (vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) ; crystalline ; antibacterial ; drug delivery ; homogenization ; capsaicin ; combination therapy ; high-shear mixing ; cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes ; amorphous ; high-speed electrospinning ; PMVE/MA ; aqueous solubility enhancement ; sieve analysis ; Raman mapping ; Eudragit ; nanofibers ; psoriasis ; PCL ; essential oils ; parameters ; antibiotics ; xanthan gum ; carvedilol ; amorphous composite ; coaxial electrospinning ; insoluble drug ; NIR-triggered drug release ; fast dissolution ; electrospinning ; oral drug delivery ; electrospun nanofibers ; poly-cyclodextrin ; TRPV1 ; gallic acid ; solid dispersion ; photothermal therapy ; drug release ; applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Fluid intake has barely been assessed, and hydration status has only rarely been measured in epidemiological studies. This hampers attempts to assess the adequacy of water intake at a population level. However, although guidelines have been established to determine how much water humans require to avoid dehydration and to optimize physical and psychological function, limited data are available on the total water and beverages intake. Therefore, the percentage of population with inadequate water intake is unknown. There is a clear need for studies in different settings around the world that quantify total water and beverage intake and explore associations between types of beverages consumed and energy intake.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Adequate hydration ; Beverages consumption ; Water and energy intake ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; PV ; GHG savings ; lithium-ion battery (LIB) ; probability prediction ; decarbonization ; supercapacitor (SC) ; least squares support vector machine ; EV fleet forecasts ; alternative maritime power (AMP) ; Markov chain ; feasibility study ; D funding ; hybrid power system ; numerical analysis ; ship structure ; optimal sizing ; cellulosic ethanol ; electric vehicles EV ; biofuel ; green ship ; R&amp ; bulk carrier ; molten carbonate fuel cell system ; sparse Gaussian process regression ; power-to-gas ; combination method ; charging infrastructure ; jet fuel ; flow characteristics ; hybrid refinery ; LNG-fueled ship ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Wildfire risk can be perceived as the combination of wildfire hazards (often described by likelihood and intensity) with the susceptibility of people, property, or other valued resources to that hazard. Reflecting the seriousness of wildfire risk to communities around the world, substantial resources are devoted to assessing wildfire hazards and risks. Wildfire hazard and risk assessments are conducted at a wide range of scales, from localized to nationwide, and are often intended to communicate and support decision making about risks, including the prioritization of scarce resources. Improvements in the underlying science of wildfire hazard and risk assessment and in the development, communication, and application of these assessments support effective decisions made on all aspects of societal adaptations to wildfire, including decisions about the prevention, mitigation, and suppression of wildfire risks. To support such efforts, this Special Issue of the journal Fire compiles articles on the understanding, modeling, and addressing of wildfire risks to homes, water resources, firefighters, and landscapes.
    Keywords: wildfire risk ; object-oriented image analysis ; Sentinel-2 ; fire behavior ; flammap ; wildfire management ; water supply ; erosion ; wildfire containment ; Potential fire Operational Delineations ; Monte Carlo simulation ; transmission risk ; WUI ; fire ; defensible space ; prescribed fire ; community vulnerability ; fire suppression costs ; Zillow ; wildfire ; predictive modeling ; fire spread model ; Monte Carlo ; spatial modeling ; area difference index ; statistics ; precision ; recall ; principal components analysis ; risk assessment ; structure loss ; wildland–urban interface ; mitigation ; mapping ; land use ; disaster ; fire spread models ; surrogate modeling ; sensitivity analysis ; global sensitivity analysis ; colour coding ; communication ; forest fire ; ordinal categorization ; palette ; risk ; firefighter safety ; safe separation distance ; safety zones ; LCES ; Google Earth Engine ; lidar ; LANDFIRE ; Landsat ; GEDI ; parcel-level risk ; post-fire analysis ; risk mitigation ; rapid assessment ; natural hazards ; fuels ; fire hazard ; remote sensing ; LiDAR ; Sentinel ; modeling ; simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: It is now well appreciated that the immune system, in addition to its traditional role in defending the organism against pathogens, communicate in a well-organized fashion with the brain to maintain homeostasis and regulate a set of neural functions. Perturbation in this brain-immune interactions due to inflammatory responses may lead to psychiatric and neurological disorders. Microglia are one of the essential cells involved in the brain-immune interactions. Microglial cells are now not simply regarded as resident tissue macrophages in the brain. These cells are derived from myeloid progenitor cells in the yolk sac in early gestation, travel to the brain parenchyma and interact actively with neurons during the critical period of neurogenesis. Microglia provide a trophic support to developing neurons and take part in the neural wiring through the activity-dependent synapse elimination via direct neuron-microglia interactions. Altered microglial functions including changes in the gene expression due to early life inflammatory events or psychological and environmental stressors can be causally related to neurodevelopmental diseases and mental health disorders. This type of alterations in the neural functions can occur in the absence of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the brain parenchyma or leptomeninges. In this sense, the pathogenetic state underlying a significant part of psychiatric and neurological diseases may be similar to “para-inflammation”, an intermediate state between homeostatic and classical inflammatory states as defined by Ruslan Medzhitov (Nature 454:428-35, 2008). Therefore, it is important to study how systemic inflammation affects brain health and how local peripheral inflammation induces changes in the brain microenvironment. Chronic pain is also induced by disturbance in otherwise well-organized multisystem interplay comprising of reciprocal neural, endocrine and immune interactions. Especially, early-life insults including exposure to immune challenges can alter the neuroanatomical components of nociception, which induces altered pain response later in life. Recently the discrete roles of microglia and blood monocyte-derived macrophages are being defined. The distinction may be further highlighted by disorders in which the brain parenchymal tissue is damaged. Therefore, studies investigating the dynamics of immune cells in traumatic brain injury and neurotropic viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus, etc. as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are promising to clarify the interplay between the central nervous and immune systems. The understanding of the histological architecture providing the infrastructure of such neuro-immune interplay is also essential. This Frontiers research topic brings together fourteen articles and aims to create a platform for researchers in the field of psychoneuroimmunology to share the recent theories, hypotheses and future perspectives regarding open questions on the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions with chemical mediators among the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. We hope that this platform would reveal the relevance of the studies on multisystem interactions to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC346-429 ; RC581-607 ; brain-immune interaction ; fatigue ; pain ; HIV ; neuroinflammation ; traumatic brain injury ; depression ; microglia ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; autism ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue was to collect and present research results and experiences on energy supply in the Visegrad Group countries. This research considers both macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects. It was important to determine how the V4 countries deal with energy management, how they have undergone or are undergoing energy transformation and in what direction they are heading. The articles concerned aspects of the energy balance in the V4 countries compared to the EU, including the production of renewable energy, as well as changes in its individual sectors (transport and food production). The energy efficiency of low-emission vehicles in public transport and goods deliveries are also discussed, as well as the energy efficiency of farms and energy storage facilities and the impact of the energy sector on the quality of the environment.
    Keywords: energy supplies ; energy security ; energy market ; EU countries ; Hellwig’s method ; sustainability strategies ; sustainable development ; Visegrád Group ; sustainable strategic management ; the renewable energy sector ; energy use ; structures ; food production systems ; Visegrad Group ; energy mix ; renewables ; energy in transport ; energetic efficiency ; energy sources ; economic growth ; developing and developed countries ; energy sector ; environmental quality ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; nuclear energy ; southeastern Poland ; sustainability ; renewable energy sources ; European Union ; cluster analysis ; Visegrad Group countries ; fuels ; cointegration ; Granger causality ; electricity prices ; households ; directions of price changes ; biogas energy ; solar energy ; hybrid biogas plant ; renewable energy ; circular economy ; off-grid systems ; energy efficiency ; social and economic aspects of energy ; economic efficiency ; low emissions ; zero emissions ; e-commerce ; last mile ; parcel lockers ; efficiency of logistics processes ; economies of scale ; simulation of logistics processes ; COVID-19 ; BESS management ; price arbitration ; shift load ; microgrid ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Um livro valioso, que analisa com clareza o papel fundamental dos recursos humanos para a saúde e o desenvolvimento, bem como o contexto e o impacto da reforma sanitária e a relação entre as iniciativas internacionais, nacionais e locais em prol da mudança dos serviços de saúde. Além de examinar os antecedentes e os principais atores da área de recursos humanos e explicar com detalhes as negociações que visavam transformar em prioridade nacional a formação de recursos humanos e a distribuição dos trabalhadores de saúde no território, Recursos Críticos está apoiado em uma sólida pesquisa bibliográfica, testemunhos fascinantes e análise original, que fazem da obra uma contribuição significativa no campo da memória da saúde pública e uma ferramenta indicativa de perspectivas de futuro para trabalhadores na área da saúde. É uma pesquisa histórica de grande qualidade, voltada para a análise da cooperação Opas-Brasil, e um incentivo à realização de novos estudos sobre as interfaces entre a atuação de agências internacionais e os interesses nacionais, partindo do conceito de arenas ou espaços de negociação.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Brasil ; Recursos humanos em saúde ; Planos e programas de saúde ; Cooperação técnica ; Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Durante séculos, diversos conhecimentos elaborados e mantidos por grupos sociais considerados à margem da sociedade receberam a classificação de conhecimento popular e conhecimento vulgar, o que demarcou o distanciamento entre esses saberes e o mundo das ciências. Este livro destaca, sob a perspectiva da etnobiologia, o potencial dos saberes tradicionais na construção de ações sustentáveis, refletindo sobre possíveis benefícios para a sociedade. Os autores oferecem análises e informações sobre a contribuição do conhecimento tradicional para a conservação da biodiversidade, para a segurança alimentar e para a saúde, por meio da utilização das plantas medicinais e de outras práticas nativas. O leitor vai perceber que, em muitos momentos, a imposição do mercado ou de pressões políticas não acarretou necessariamente uma melhoria real na alimentação ou na saúde da maior parte da população, como no exemplo dos problemas decorrentes de uma nutrição baseada em alimentos industrializados.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins are critical mediators of DNA repair. Many traditional anti-cancer chemotherapy agents overwhelm a cell’s ability to repair DNA damage in order to kill proliferating malignant cells. Recent evidence suggests that cancers within and across tissue types have specific defects in DNA repair pathways, and that these defects may predispose for sensitivity and resistance to various classes of cytotoxic agents. Breast, ovarian and other cancers develop in the setting of inherited DNA repair deficiency, and these cancers may be more sensitive to cytotoxic agents that induce DNA strand breaks, as well as to inhibitors of PARP activity. A series of recent clinical trials has tested whether PARP inhibitors can achieve synthetic lethality in hereditary DNA repair-deficient tumors. At the current time, mutation of BRCA serves as a potential, but not comprehensive, biomarker to predict response to PARP inhibitor therapy. Mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors are only recently being uncovered. Future studies seek to identify sporadic cancers that harbor genomic instability rendering susceptibility to PARP inhibitors that compound lethal DNA damage.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC254-282 ; DNA reapir ; PARP inhibitor ; Homologous Recombination ; combination therapy ; DNA Damage ; Cancer ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Special Issue, “Mapping Indigenous Knowledge in the Digital Age”, explores Indigenous engagement with geo-information in contemporary cartography. Indigenous mapping, incorporating performance, process, product, and positionality as well as tangible and intangible heritage, is speedily entering the domain of cartography, and digital technology is facilitating the engagement of communities in mapping their own locational stories, histories, cultural heritage, environmental, and political priorities. In this publication, multimodal and multisensory online maps combine the latest multimedia and telecommunications technology to examine data and support qualitative and quantitative research, as well as to present and store a wide range of temporal/spatial information and archival materials in innovative interactive storytelling formats. It will be of particular interest to researchers engaged in studies of global human and environmental connection in the age of evolving information technology.
    Keywords: transdisciplinary research ; knowledge dialog ; participatory mapping ; qualitative analysis ; community-based management ; Dawes ; allotment ; GIS ; map ; automation ; PLSS ; geographic information systems ; reservation ; indigenous ; Standing Rock ; community mapping ; learning community ; natural resources management ; Cyberatlas ; Native Americans ; first nations ; historic cartography ; toponymy ; Indigenous maps ; indigital ; undergraduate education ; native science ; Inuinnait ; Inuinnaqtun ; cybercartography ; digital return ; multi-media cartography ; digital heritage ; native guidance system ; Lençóis Maranhenses region ; Maranhão coast ; traditional communities ; Cybercartographic Atlas ; indigenous mappings ; decolonial cartography ; mythical spaces and indigenous orientations ; sky map ; collaborative work ; Pa Ipai ; Baja California ; Mexico ; mapping ; reconciliation ; art ; digital pedagogy ; reflexivity ; Cybercartography ; GIAMedia ; FOSS ; intercultural literacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This e-book provides the insight into occupational health and safety problems, challenges and solutions of the dairy sector. Thirty-two authors have been sharing their results and knowledge reflecting the challenges from small scale farming up to industrial style. The worldwide trend of growing farm sizes and a reduction in numbers is one of the major drivers for the changes in the working environment. Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most prevalent health problems of people working on farms. Nevertheless mechanisation has not reduced the number of complaints, and new problems arise due to the changing working environment.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; immigrant workers ; Dairy farming ; OHS ; MSS ; MSD ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Gluten is the major protein of wheat and other cereals (rye and barley); it is responsible for triggering celiac disease (CD) in genetically predisposed individuals. Until a few years ago, CD was the major (if not the only) well-known gluten-related disorder. However, in recent years, it has become clear that gluten proteins may activate different pathological mechanisms, leading to a wide spectrum of human diseases, including non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), gluten ataxia, neuro-psychiatric disorders, and many others. Conceptually, we have therefore moved from a Ptolemaic to a Copernican system, i.e., CD is no longer the “center of the universe”, but is just one of the possible worlds of gluten intolerance. Many other gluten planets do indeed exist and deserve the attention of researchers and clinicians alike. Although different gluten-related disorders show specific epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects, these conditions share a trigger and treatment: the gluten-free diet. For a very long time, awareness of these disorders has been limited and, therefore, the epidemiology of gluten-related disorders is still a “work in progress”. Current research strives to clarify the boundaries between these entities, their disease mechanisms, and how a proper diagnosis can be implemented.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; gluten-related disorders;celiac disease;gluten intolerance ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Microglia are essential for the development and function of the adult brain. Their ontogeny, together with the absence of turnover from the periphery and the singular environment of the central nervous system (CNS), make microglia a unique cell population compared to other tissue-macrophages. The unique properties and functions of microglial cells, such as their role in synaptic pruning or the exceptional capacity to scan the brain parenchyma and rapidly react to its perturbations, have emerged in recent years. In the coming years, understanding how microglia acquire and maintain their unique profiles in order to fulfil distinct tasks in the healthy CNS and how these are altered in disease, will be essential to develop strategies to diagnose or treat CNS disorders with an immunological component. This Research Topic covers several aspects of microglial biology, ranging from their origin and the functional role of microglia during development and lifespan, their molecular properties compared with other brain and peripheral immune cells to microglial phenotypes and functional states in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours. In conclusion, the present Research Topic provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of several cellular and molecular mechanisms that make microglia a unique immune cell population within the healthy CNS as well as under inflammatory, neurodegenerative and tumorigenic processes.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC346-429 ; RC581-607 ; inflammation ; brain tumour ; neurodegeneration ; microglia ; ontogeny ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The high importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted considerable interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment, suitably designed to be a similar as possible to cellular conditions. This Special Issue provides readers with a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to be used as traces for the discoveries of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with five articles and five reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications and bioinspired synthesis, with “free radicals” as the common denominator.
    Keywords: guanine ; guanyl radical ; tautomerism ; guanine radical cation ; oligonucleotides ; DNA ; G-quadruplex ; time-resolved spectroscopies ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; oxidation ; catalase mimics ; peroxide ; diiron-peroxo complexes ; structure/activity ; kinetic studies ; biomimetic chemistry ; cysteine ; ketone reduction ; free radicals ; pulse radiolysis ; kinetics ; DNA oxidation ; DNA hole transfer ; molecular dynamics ; quantum dynamics ; electron transfer ; charge transfer ; quantum coherence ; chemiluminescence ; reaction mechanisms ; singlet oxygen ; reactive oxygen species ; light emission ; crosslink ; dimerization ; protein oxidation ; radicals ; di-tyrosine ; di-tryptophan ; disulfides ; thiols ; aggregation ; proteomics ; mass spectrometry ; collagen ; riboflavin ; hyaluronic acid ; EPR spectroscopy ; keratoconus ; STEM ; DNA biosensor ; chemical nucleases ; DNA-drug interaction ; copper complexes ; metallodrugs ; MEP pathway ; antibiotics ; IspH ; LytB ; [4Fe-4S] cluster ; reductive dehydroxylation ; bioorganometallic intermediate ; inhibitors ; methionine ; neighboring group effect ; hydroxyl radical ; triplet state of carboxybenzophenone ; one-electron oxidants ; laser flash photolysis ; peptides ; proteins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue highlights fundamental changes to the questions that we can ask about both the recent past and deep time. Delve into the forefront of paleontological research with this Special Issue reprint. Renowned paleontologists from around the world share groundbreaking insights into ancient life on Earth. Discover the latest advances in fossil discovery, analytical techniques, interdisciplinary collaborations, and technological innovations that are shaping our understanding of evolution and the Earth's history. This collection of cutting-edge research is a must-read for scientists, researchers, and enthusiasts interested in the dynamic field of paleontology in the modern era.
    Keywords: REE ; Tyrannosaurus rex ; molecular paleontology ; geochemical taphonomy ; diagenesis ; bone ; protein ; collagen ; Hell Creek Formation ; cuticle ; Eocene ; Fur Formation ; insects ; melanin ; mo-clay ; pigment ; Stolleklint Clay ; structural coloration ; Ølst Formation ; fossil ; dinosaur ; paleoproteomics ; porphyrin ; keratin ; feather ; taphonomy ; degradation ; microbes ; CO2 ; apatite ; paleontology ; China ; history ; 20th century ; 21th century ; paleobiology ; history and philosophy of paleontology ; twenty-first-century paleontology ; paleobiological revolution ; technoscience and global issues ; fossil proteins ; rare earth elements ; soft-tissue preservation ; geochemistry ; soft tissues ; molecular preservation ; Hornerstown Formation ; shallow marine ; glauconite ; hybridization ; introgression ; ancient DNA (aDNA) ; hominin paleontology ; paleoanthropology ; Brachylophosaurus ; Judith River Formation ; ELISA ; RIA ; Venta Micena site ; VM-0 ; VM-1960 ; taxonomy ; morphometrics ; phylogeny ; evolution ; morphological clock ; molecular clock ; biodiversity ; palaeobiogeography ; macroevolution ; primates ; Cercopithecidae ; monkeys ; genotype:phenotype mapping ; dentition ; Equidae ; Equinae ; hipparionini ; protohippini ; equini ; paleoecology ; paleoclimatology ; biochronology ; steroids ; diet ; coprolites ; Gryphaea dilatata ; crystallographic texture ; pole figures ; neutron diffraction ; recrystallization ; thick-walled shells ; molecular taphonomy ; fossils ; preservation ; mass spectrometry ; dinosaurs ; Neanderthal ; Combe-Grenal ; juvenile ; mandible ; periodontitis ; tooth ; tartar ; SEM analysis ; n/a ; terrestrialization ; artrhopods ; Cambrian explosion ; molecular clocks ; palaeontology ; phylogenomics ; teeth ; enamel ; microanalysis ; Purussaurus ; Neoepiblema ; miocene ; ICP-MS ; MEV ; microscopy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; micro-computed tomography ; radiocarbon dating ; DNA barcoding ; synchrotron ; bone remodeling ; elemental analysis ; diagenetic alteration ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The non-classical HLA class I molecule HLA-G is different from classical HLA class I molecules because of the low polymorphism in the coding region, the fact that HLA-G primary transcript is alternatively spliced in seven isoforms, and the inhibitory action on immune cells. Although HLA-G is low polymorphic, variants in both promoter and 3’ un-translated region (UTR) of HLA-G locus regulate its expression. In healthy conditions, a basal level of HLA-G gene transcription is observed in most cells and tissues; however, translation into HLA-G protein is restricted to trophoblasts in the placenta, where it participates in promoting tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface. HLA-G is also expressed by thymic epitelial, cornea, mesenchymal stem cells, nail matrix, pancreatic beta cells, erythroid, and endothelial precursors. HLA-G can be neo-expressed in adult tissues in pathological conditions, and its expression has been documented autoimmune disorders, viral infections, and cancer. In the latter setting de novo HLA-G expression is associated with the capability of tumor cells to evade the immune control. In the last decade it has become evident that HLA-G expression on T cells and antigenpresenting cells confers to these cells tolerogenic properties. This Research Topic focused on i) summarizing updated clinical and immunological evidences that HLA-G expression is associate with beneficial or detrimental tolerance, ii) gathering new insights into the mechanisms governing the expression of HLA-G in healthy and pathological conditions, such as pre-eclampsia, and iii) examining the mechanisms underlying HLA-G mediated tolerance.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Pregnancy ; Autoimmunity ; Immuno-modulation ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Infections ; Exosomes ; HLA-G ; polymorphisms ; tolerance ; Cancer ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue introduces recent research results on MEMS packaging and 3D integration whose subjects can be divided as follow; three papers on biocompatible implantable packaging, three papers on interconnect, three papers on bonding technologies, one paper on vacuum packaging, and three papers on modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: heterogeneous integration ; wafer bonding ; wafer sealing ; room-temperature bonding ; Au-Au bonding ; surface activated bonding ; Au film thickness ; surface roughness ; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging ; inkjet printing ; redistribution layers ; capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) ; fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) ; adhesion ; thin film metal ; parylene ; neural probe ; scotch tape test ; FEM ; MEMS resonator ; temperature coefficient ; thermal stress ; millimeter-wave ; redundant TSV ; equivalent circuit model ; S-parameters extraction ; technology evaluation ; MEMS and IC integration ; MCDM ; fuzzy AHP ; fuzzy VIKOR ; fan-out wafer-level package ; finite element ; glass substrate ; reliability life ; packaging-on-packaging ; thermal sensors ; TMOS sensor ; finite difference time domain ; optical and electromagnetics simulations ; finite element analysis ; ultrasonic bonding ; metal direct bonding ; microsystem integration ; biocompatible packaging ; implantable ; reliability ; Finite element method (FEM) ; simulation ; multilayer reactive bonding ; integrated nanostructure-multilayer reactive system ; spontaneous self-ignition ; self-propagating exothermic reaction ; Pd/Al reactive multilayer system ; Ni/Al reactive multilayer system ; low-temperature MEMS packaging ; crack propagation ; microbump ; deflection angle ; stress intensity factor (SIF) ; polymer packaging ; neural interface ; chronic implantation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Advancements in digital technologies are reshaping the world of dentistry, from prosthodontics to implant dentistry. Intraoral scanners, facial scanners, 3D printers, and milling machines have revolutionized the clinical approach and operative workflow in daily practice. However, digital dentistry brings several challenges to clinicians due to the rapid evolution of new technologies and the lack of evidence-based guidelines for their correct use. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the latest advances in the development and application of digital technologies in prosthetic and implant dentistry. We wish to provide both clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date source of information on current trends, limitations, and potential future applications of digital technologies in daily clinical practice.
    Keywords: dental implants ; digital impression ; intraoral scanner ; CAD/CAM materials ; toothbrushing wear ; surface ; roughness ; surface integrity ; alveolar remodeling ; tooth extraction ; intraoral digital scanning ; imaging superimposition ; less traumatic surgery ; socket healing ; implantology ; computer-aided surgery ; image-guided surgery ; zygomatic implants ; navigation system ; dental implant ; bone level ; prospective study ; sub-crestal placement ; emergence profile ; guided surgery ; digital workflow ; stereolithographic surgical guide ; accuracy ; CAD–CAM ; DICOM–STL ; static guided surgery ; clinical study ; intraoral scanners ; digital dentistry ; impression techniques ; full-arch impression ; elderly population ; dimensional measurement accuracy ; implant scan ; operator ; precision ; scan area ; trueness ; occlusion ; overloading ; complications ; implant-supported restorations ; marginal bone loss ; oral implantology ; intraoral scan ; cone-beam computed tomography ; oral surgery ; emergence angle ; retrospective study ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Symmetry can play an important role in the field of nonlinear systems and especially in the design of nonlinear circuits that produce chaos. Therefore, this Special Issue, titled “Symmetry in Chaotic Systems and Circuits”, presents the latest scientific advances in nonlinear chaotic systems and circuits that introduce various kinds of symmetries. Applications of chaotic systems and circuits with symmetries, or with a deliberate lack of symmetry, are also presented in this Special Issue. The volume contains 14 published papers from authors around the world. This reflects the high impact of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: chaos ; bifurcation ; closed curve equilibrium ; synchronization ; nonlinear equations ; iterative methods ; rotation–translation formula ; symmetric encryption ; chaotic map ; image encryption ; simultaneous confusion and diffusion ; chaotic oscillator ; lyapunov exponents ; poincare map ; integrated circuit ; fpga ; time-delay ; boolean networks ; hidden attractor ; amplitude control ; offset boosting ; cryptography ; substitution box ; postprocessing ; symmetry ; asymmetry ; chaotic system ; random bit generation ; logistic map ; chaos-based cryptography ; entropy ; prediction ; fractional-order ; glucose-insulin system ; chaotic attractor ; active control ; chaos theory ; electrical circuit analysis ; jerk circuit ; Chua’s diode ; system of differential equations ; quantum mechanics ; molecular quantum transitions ; singularity ; dozy chaos ; dozy-chaos mechanics ; charge transfer ; condensed matter ; direct and reverse processes ; optical band shapes ; Egorov resonance ; hyperchaotic behavior ; arduino microcontrollers ; optical channel ; chaotic flow ; hyperbolic sinusoidal function ; voice encryption ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and the disease now affects nearly every country and region. Nearly 18 months later, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to present significant challenges to health systems, public health, and the economy of countries across both hemispheres. The morbidity and mortality of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been significant, and various waves of disease outbreaks initially overwhelmed hospitals and clinics in many countries and continue to do so. This influences everyone, and public health countermeasures have been dramatic in terms of their impact on employment, social systems, and mental health. This Special Issue collection follows on from the Special Issue “COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives” and provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to provide feedback on the response to and our future global preparedness for COVID-19, as well as to disseminate critical information about SARS-CoV-2 and the associated COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; new-onset DM ; severe infection ; mortality ; outbreak ; P.1 variant ; Gamma variant ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; whole-genome sequencing ; pandemic ; overweight ; obesity ; Peru ; psychological impacts ; public health ; preparedness ; mRNA-1273 ; BNT162b2 ; TAK-919 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; post-vaccination ; healthcare personnel ; vaccination ; asymptomatic infection ; HIV ; infectious disease ; excess mortality ; regdanvimab ; remdesivir ; severe ; community transmission ; population density gradient ; Dhaka ; Bangladesh ; dengue ; undifferentiated febrile illness ; antigen testing ; variants ; reinfections ; breakthrough infections ; vaccine hesitancy ; sub-Saharan Africa ; pulmonary fibrosis ; postacute COVID-19 syndrome ; tuberculosis ; helminth coinfection ; coronavirus ; coordination ; health operations and technical expertise ; AFRO ; diarrhea ; liver ; pancreas ; inflammatory bowel diseases ; liver transplantation ; reproduction rate ; phylogenetic analysis ; clade GK ; D614G ; P681R ; cross-reactivity ; haemorrhage ; thrombocytopenia ; thrombosis ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) ; molecular diagnostics ; real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) ; economy ; income levels ; waves ; policy ; turning points ; occupational exposure ; risk factors ; personal protective equipment ; SIR model ; socio-behavioral aspects ; interaction distance ; school reopening strategy ; self-medication ; over-the-counter ; medicine use ; Pakistan ; clinical features ; Luanda ; Angola ; socioeconomic status ; risk perception ; risk prevention practices ; qualitative ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The World Health Organization recommends the consumption of plant foods instead of animal-origin foods due to their high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. Consumption of plant products has led to research on the beneficial properties of their components beyond basic nutrients. Vegetable-derived peptides have shown multifunctional effects related to chronic diseases, attracting interest from the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. This reprint highlights studies on various vegetable extracts, such as chestnut, quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat, and Protium heptaphyllum gum resin, which have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-regulating properties. Specific compounds derived from plants, such as methyl p-coumarate and lupin protein hydrolysate, have shown effectiveness in reducing inflammation and anxiety, respectively. A vegetable extract of rosemary has been studied for its potential to treat osteogenesis imperfecta. Moreover, this repprint reviews Lycium barbarum berries, essential oils from Annonaceae species, antioxidant compounds, phytosterols, and natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis was discussed. Overall, these studies suggest that vegetable-derived bioactive compounds could serve as new nutraceuticals to prevent and treat a wide range of chronic diseases.
    Keywords: hypercholesterolemia ; gene expression ; HMGCR ; PCSK9 ; PPARα ; enzymatic activity ; molecular docking ; statin ; monacolin ; breu branco ; seed storage proteins ; peptides ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; trypsin inhibitors ; quinoa ; amaranth ; buckwheat ; in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion ; natural products ; Brazilian species ; essential oil ; applications ; phytosterols ; neurodegeneration ; Alzheimer’s disease ; blood brain barrier ; obesity ; oxidative stress ; dyslipidemia ; diabetes ; enzyme-assisted extraction ; plant material ; phenolic compounds ; oligosaccharides ; prebiotic ; nanocellulose ; nanofibers ; fermentation ; sustainability ; cancer ; drug delivery ; oral mucositis ; treatment ; lupin ; protein hydrolysates ; anxiety ; ApoE−/− ; functional foods ; peptidomics ; rosemary extract ; collagen type I ; unfolded protein response ; autophagy ; proteasome ; skin fibroblasts ; apoptosis ; osteogenesis imperfecta ; asthma ; methyl p-coumarate ; Th2 cytokines ; eosinophil ; NF-κB ; Castanea sativa shells ; Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) ; antimicrobial activity ; goji berries ; pro-healthy effects ; phenolics ; biological properties ; functional ingredients ; in vitro cultures ; Ruta montana ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; antibiofilm formation ; antibacterial activity ; antioxidant activity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Considering the worldwide problem of aquatic pollution, we proposed this reprint, which presents a collection of articles on different aspects of environmental pollution, from monitoring to the evaluation of toxicity. In particular, the volume concerns the issues specifically related to emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, such as plastics and pharmaceuticals. However, to confer to this volume a more holistic view, some articles on priority pollutants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are also reported.
    Keywords: aquatic ecosystems ; pollution ; monitoring ; toxic effects ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue of the journal Axioms collects submissions in which the authors report their perceptions and results in the field of mathematical physics and/or physical mathematics without any preconditions of the specific research topic. The papers are intended to provide the reader with a broad window into the status of the research field showing our understanding of how a known concept changes our thinking in that area of science. The papers in the Special Issue highlight the current two issues in physics and mathematics under hot debate: fractional calculus and entropy.
    Keywords: weak detonation ; high activation regime ; nonlinear PDEs ; Fuchsian reduction analysis ; Lorentz transformation ; blow-up ; hot spot ; chemically reactive flows ; nonlinear equations in partial derivatives ; hyperbolic equations ; Bäcklund transformations ; Clairin’s method ; differential relationships ; the Liouville equation ; symbolic calculus ; canonical system of q-difference equations ; q-Euler integral ; multi-term fractional differential equation ; quasilinear equation ; Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative ; defect of Cauchy type problem ; fixed point theorem ; initial-boundary value problem ; deformed numbers ; deformed algebras ; deformed calculus ; nonadditive entropy ; vibration control ; boundary control ; intermediate state control ; separation of variables ; Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equations ; nonlocal boundary conditions ; positive parameters ; positive solutions ; existence ; nonexistence ; Patlak–Keller–Segel systems ; the Cattaneo model of chemosensitive movement ; hyperbolic models ; shock waves ; conservation laws ; constrained Hamiltonian system ; canonicalization ; symplectic method ; numerical simulation ; extended Chebyshev functional ; generalized proportional Hadamard fractional integral operator ; manipulation system ; geometric approach ; noninteraction ; two-phase flow ; Sobolev spaces ; analytic semigroups ; fractional interpolation ; local and global solutions ; seismic tensorial force ; far-field seismic waves ; near-field seismic waves ; seismic mainshock ; quasi-static deformations ; mathematical physics ; Elliott Lieb ; the International Association of Mathematical Physics (IAMP, history and development) ; Letters in Mathematical Physics (LMP) ; history ; God as an (optional) axiom ; metamathematics ; symmetries ; particle physics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics
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    SciELO Books - Editora UEPG
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Dividido em três partes, este livro enfoca o turismo em áreas naurais, destacando o geoturismo, abrange aspectos ligados à geoconservação em áreas protegidas e os Geoparques e por fim aborda a educação e interpretação ambiental, incluindo diversos exemplos de atividades geoeducativas, interpretativas e turísticas.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; SCIENCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: Portuguese
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.
    Keywords: ionization ; electron ; positron ; few body ; electron scattering ; integral cross sections ; alcohols ; isomeric effect ; butanol ; pentanol ; electron mobility ; multiple-scattering effects ; disordered systems ; weak localization ; electron and positron scattering ; spin asymmetry ; critical minima ; total polarization ; coulomb glory ; water ; vibrational excitation ; R-matrix ; electron-molecule collisions ; interstellar medium ; model potential ; wave-packet propagation ; vibrational cross-section ; backscattering ; electron optics ; inelastic collisions ; numerical simulations ; electron ionization ; electron capture ; helium droplets ; cross section ; MCDF wavefunctions ; wavelengths ; transition rates ; relativistic distorted wave method ; cross sections ; rate coefficients ; ionizing radiation ; dissociative electron attachment ; mass spectrometry ; DNA damage ; cross-section calculations ; plasma simulation ; electron atomic collisions ; ionization cross section ; approximation of cross sections ; alkali metals ; noble gases ; electron elastic scattering ; scattering cross-sections ; positron scattering ; total cross-sections ; dispersion relation ; electron scattering cross sections ; electron transport in gases ; electron track simulation ; positron impact ionization ; positron-molecule scattering ; binary-encounter-Bethe ; argon optical emission spectroscopy ; plasma processing ; coronal models ; collisional-radiative model ; nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas ; population kinetics ; radiation transport ; opacity effects ; Non-Maxwellian plasmas ; metastable states ; electron-impact ionization ; BEB approach ; elementary processes in plasmas ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Despite the availability of thirty-six antiseizure medications, about one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to the pharmacological treatment and develop a so-called “pharmaco-resistant epilepsy” or “refractory epilepsy.” Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, effective therapies based on novel mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability that leads to seizures. This reprint’s original research papers and review articles highlight unknown mechanisms underlying pharmaco-resistant resistant epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure suppression.
    Keywords: 3CAI ; GRIA1 ; GRIA2 ; intractable epilepsy ; PICK1 ; protein kinase C ; pericytes ; mural cells ; cytokine ; blood-brain barrier ; neuroinflammation ; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 ; AKT ; cyclosporin A ; GluA1 ; GluR1 ; PDK1 ; refractory seizure ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; hippocampus ; 4-aminopyridine ; epilepsy model ; long-term potentiation ; AMPA receptor ; audiogenic epilepsy ; rodents ; fear reaction ; behavior genetics ; c-Fos ; early gene activation ; epileptogenesis ; lipopolysaccharide ; pentylenetetrazole ; post-traumatic epilepsy ; seizure susceptibility ; traumatic brain injury ; epilepsy ; ghrelin ; ghrelin receptor ; anxiety ; TRPV1 channels ; neuronal activity ; neuropsychiatric comorbidity ; immunofluorescence ; audiogenic kindling ; acoustically evoked seizures ; EACT ; generalized tonic-clonic seizures ; inherited epilepsy ; TMEM1A channels ; wild running seizures ; astrocyte ; ML365 ; pharmacoresistant epilepsy ; cortical atrophy ; hippocampal atrophy ; intracerebral electrode ; magnetic resonance imaging ; posttraumatic epilepsy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    IRD Éditions
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Le fleuve Niger constitue un véritable poumon humide pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest et plus spécialement pour la république du Mali. Dans ce pays, la gestion du fleuve constitue un enjeu majeur car on y trouve à la fois de remarquables systèmes de production traditionnels associés au phénomène naturel de crue – sources de moyens d’existence pour des centaines de milliers de personnes – mais aussi de grandes réalisations et promesses en matière d’aménagements modernes, hydroélectriques et hydroagricoles. À l’heure où de nouveaux projets d’équipement arrivent à concrétisation et où d’autres sont annoncés, il est important de faire le point sur l’état de santé de ce fleuve et de peser ce qu’il représente pour ses multiples usagers. Cette expertise collégiale, conduite par l’IRD et l’IER et réalisée avec le soutien de plusieurs institutions d’aide au développement et de défense de l’environnement, traite de ces différents aspects avec pour objectif, d’une part, la clarification des cadres institutionnels et des options de politiques publiques et, d’autre part, le renforcement des outils de suivi et d’aide à la décision.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; aménagement hydroélectrique ; écosystème ; irrigation ; Niger cours d’eau ; aménagement hydroagricole ; Mali ; exploitation des ressources naturelles ; eau ; bassin versant ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Lymphocytes constantly survey the lymph nodes in search for potential infection by a pathogen. They enter the afferent lymphatic vessel that serves as a conduit to transport the motile lymphocytes to the draining lymph node. Lymphatic vessels (LVs) are present in most vascularized tissues. They are traditionally regarded as passive conduits for soluble antigens and leukocytes. Afferent LVs begin as blind ended capillaries, which give rise to collecting vessels that merge and connect with draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Initial lymphatic capillaries are composed of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LECs) connected by discontinuous cell junctions, which join to form larger collecting lymphatic vessels, and ultimately feed into the LN subcapsular sinus. Within the LN, LECs are localized to the subcapsular, cortical, and medullary sinuses, where they interact with incoming and exiting leukocytes. LECs, and in general LN stromal cells, have emerged in the recent years as active players in the immune response. In support to this,studies have shown that the immune response generated during inflammation and under pathologic conditions is accompanied by modeling of the LVs and generation of new lymphatics, a process known as lymphangiogenesis. These facts strongly suggest that LECs and stromal LN cells in general, are not inert players but rather are part of the immune response by organizing immune cells movement, exchanging information and supplying survival factors. The purpose of this research topic is to review the role of the LECs during immune homeostasis and cancer. Considering the critical role of lymphangiogenesis in many pathologies like chronic and acute inflammation, autoimmunity, wound healing, graft rejection, and tumor metastasis, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern the cross talks between the LECs and immune cells during homeostasis and inflammation.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Liver Injury ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Lymphatic Vasculature ; Tumor Microenvironment ; PD-L1 ; Antigen Presenting Cells ; Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ; T cell trafficking ; T cells ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: It is our pleasure to present this Special Issue of Molecules entitled “Food Processing and Its Impact on Phenolic and other Bioactive Constituents in Food”. Bioactive compounds including phenolic ingredients have long been used as important constituents of a healthy diet. As a result, consumer awareness about the important role of high-quality products rich in bioactive compounds—especially phenolic compounds—in human nutrition, health, and prevention against diseases has increased. Additionally, methods for food processing, regardless of the technology used, have a huge impact on the quality of the final products. Therefore, the big challenges for scientists lie in the monitoring of changes during food processing and the optimization of technology to achieve the minimal degradation of nutrients (including phenolic compounds). Thus, for this Special Issue, I encourage you to read some interesting papers aimed at bringing the latest scientific news, insights, and advances in the field of food processing and its impact on bioactive constituents in food, especially phenolic compounds. The information presented will certainly arouse considerable interest among a large group of our readers from different disciplines and research fields.
    Keywords: apple ; phenolic compounds ; genetic resources ; HPLC-DAD ; thyme ; oregano ; dry herbs ; polyphenols ; chlorophyll ; carotenoids ; microbial ; cytotoxicity ; dissolution test ; functional food ; innovative food ; drying ; natural food ; Helianthus tuberosus ; pro-healthy properties ; plant polyphenols ; food processing ; phenolic content ; bioavailability ; bioaccessibility ; coffee Arabica ; roasting process ; brewing methods ; antioxidant activity ; flavonoids ; caffeine ; pH of infusions ; tannins ; snack ; baking ; carotenoids content ; chlorophyll content ; total polyphenols content ; calorific value ; sensory properties ; sourdough fermentation ; inoculation ; lactic acid bacteria ; FODMAP ; fructans ; antioxidants ; chocolate ; free radical scavenging activity ; reducing power ; functionalization of food ; electronic nose analysis ; isoflavone conversion ; thermal process ; immature seeds ; mature seeds ; internal water content ; konjac ; linseed flour ; fat substitute ; volatile compounds ; lipid oxidation ; encapsulation ; Mauritia flexuosa (aguaje) ; controlled dehydration ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The eradication of vector-borne diseases is threatened by the limited range of available insecticides, leading, inevitably, to the development of resistance. This is particularly concerning for malaria control, which relies heavily on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual sprays (IRS). New chemistries are being developed, and innovative deployment of insecticides may play a role in overcoming resistance, either through new types of tools or new means of distribution. A variety of novel product types and vector control strategies are under development and evaluation, which is to be celebrated, but a strong evidence base is needed to guide effective operational deployment decisions. Novel approaches should be supported by robust data collected using appropriate and validated methods to monitor efficacy, durability, and any emerging resistance. This reprint presents original research into developing and characterizing new vector control products, as well as understanding and monitoring insecticide resistance. Review articles explore the impact of insecticide resistance and offer guidance on insecticide choice in the face of pyrethroid resistance. Consensus methodologies are presented, in the form of standard operating procedures (SOPs) designed to be adopted and used to generate reproducible data that can be compared and interpreted across and between studies. It is hoped that this collection of articles offers inspiration and guidance on how consistent data can be generated to inform more effective development, evaluation, and use of new and existing vector control tools.
    Keywords: prallethrin ; insecticide ; spatial treatment ; mosquito fitness ; protection ; pyrethroids ; Aedes albopictus ; Culex pipiens ; life tables ; mosquito ; bite-proof garment ; model ; textile ; non-insecticidal ; physical barrier ; insecticide selection ; out-crossing ; strain authentication ; laboratory screening ; pyrethroid ; pyrethroid resistance ; insecticide resistance ; insecticide resistance management ; vector control ; malaria ; malaria control ; Anopheles ; host-seeking behavior ; insecticide exposure ; pathogen transmission ; Aedes aegypti ; Anopheles gambiae ; ATSB ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Iroquois ; RNAi ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; Anopheles mosquito ; fertility ; ovary development ; pyriproxyfen (PPF) ; side-effects ; machine learning ; image classification ; automated identification ; convolutional neural network ; insecticide-treated net (ITN) ; PBO ITN ; synergist ITN ; dual-AI ITN ; insecticide resistance management (IRM) ; method validation ; durability monitoring ; bioinsecticide ; disease transmission ; insecticide-resistance ; mosquito-borne disease ; mosquito control ; natural compounds ; phytochemical ; malaria vector ; insecticide treated nets ; cytochrome P450s ; kdr ; cuticular resistance ; deltamethrin ; imidacloprid ; bifenthrin ; β-cyfluthrin ; etofenprox ; α-cypermethrin ; λ-cyhalothrin ; thiacloprid ; mosquitoes ; Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; diagnostic bioassay ; resistance monitoring ; insecticide-treated nets (ITN) ; strain characterisation ; method development ; product evaluation ; quality control (QC) ; dual active ingredients (dual-AI) ; bioefficacy ; IRS ; application technology ; broflanilide ; clothianidin ; pirimiphos-methyl ; WHO tube ; WHO tunnel test ; ITNs ; interceptor ; interceptor G2 ; membrane ; human arm ; rabbit ; bioassay ; bio-efficacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; chitosan ; intestinal epithelial cells ; ocular delivery ; amphiphilic polymers ; cornea ; tight junction modulator ; cyclodextrin ; permeability ; gemini surfactant ; transferrin ; compound 48/80 ; epithelial permeability ; cervicovaginal tumors ; nanoparticles ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; safety ; formulation ; salcaprozate sodium ; intestinal absorption ; FITC-dextran ; curcumin ; block copolymers ; nasal vaccination ; whole leaf ; brush border ; ocular drug delivery ; vaccine adjuvant ; nanoparticle ; nasal delivery ; efflux ; permeation enhancers ; absorption enhancers ; nose to brain delivery ; small intestine ; epithelium ; CNS disorders ; absorption modifying excipients ; insulin ; absorption enhancer ; gel ; intestinal delivery ; thermogel system ; Caco-2 ; biocompatibility studies ; absorption enhancement ; man ; PN159 ; poorly absorbed drug ; tryptophan ; tight junction ; oral macromolecule delivery ; penetration enhancer ; intestinal permeation enhancers ; nanocrystals ; simvastatin ; nanomedicine ; enterocyte ; N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) ; cell-penetrating peptide ; quaternization ; KLAL ; nasal ; nasal permeability ; transmucosal drug delivery ; Caco-2 cells ; mast cell activator ; penetration enhancers ; drug delivery ; nose-to-brain ; bioenhancer ; polymeric micelles ; mucoadhesion ; cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) ; simulated intestinal fluid ; vaginal delivery ; nasal formulation ; pharmacokinetic interaction ; sodium caprate ; clinical trial ; transmucosal permeation ; drug absorption enhancer ; sugar-based surfactants ; nanocapsules ; imatinib ; teriparatide ; osteoporosis ; hydrophobization ; F-actin ; combined microsphere ; transepithelial electrical resistance ; oral delivery ; ocular conditions ; metabolism ; antimicrobial peptide ; permeation enhancer ; drug administration ; antiepileptic drug ; amino acid ; in vivo studies ; sodium cholate (NaC) ; epithelial transport ; preclinical ; nose to brain transport ; pharmacokinetics ; chitosan derivatives ; ophthalmology ; tight junctions ; sheep ; cationic functionalization ; GLP-1 ; pulmonary ; and liposome ; cytochrome P450 ; claudin ; P-glycoprotein ; in situ hydrogel ; mucoadhesiveness ; PTH 1-34 ; Aloe vera ; oral peptides ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Phenolic compounds in food such as fruits, vegetables, wine, spices, and oils have been characterized and their possible effects on human health has been studied in depth. Several technological aspects have also been considered concerning the sustainable extraction of phenolic compounds, the long-term storage effects, and the influence of fermentation and boiling techniques on their properties.
    Keywords: chestnut ; water curing ; non-targeted MS analysis ; antioxidants ; Arecaceae ; polyphenols ; volatile content ; antioxidant activity ; liquid chromatography ; inflammation ; lung ; oxidative damage ; antiviral ; polyphenol ; phenolic acids ; flavonoids ; Vicia faba ; functional food ; green solvents ; biologically active compounds ; selective separation ; medicinal plants ; ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; microwave-assisted extraction ; kombucha ; black tea ; long-term storage ; antioxidant scavenging activity ; total phenolic content ; meat quality ; antimicrobial activity ; C. scolymus ; food quality ; beverages ; health properties ; antioxidant activities ; fibrinogen ; albumin ; rutin ; tannic acid ; resveratrol ; binding properties ; first order ; kinetic modelling ; zero order ; food processing ; herbal tea ; boiling ; EVOO ; vegetables ; phenolic compounds ; thermal treatment ; processing techniques ; bioaccessibility ; bioavailability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.
    Keywords: woody biomass crops ; bioenergy ; biodiversity ; species richness ; flora ; vascular plants ; short rotation coppices ; poplars ; willows ; feeding simulation ; defoliation ; herbivory ; short rotation coppice ; phosphatase activity ; nutrient content ; growth stages ; biomass ; willow ; Salix ; capacity ; European larch ; fast-growing trees ; plantations ; plantation area ; poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” ; sown area ; biomass production ; life cycle assessment ; climate impact ; soil organic carbon ; genotypic difference ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; Populus ; INRA 717-1B4 ; pyramidal plant habitus ; leaf petiole angle ; branch angle ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; carbon ; physiology ; F. mandshurica ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; photosynthetic vitality ; chlorophyll and phenol content ; nutrition supply ; dry matter yield ; land reclamation ; spring pruning ; year-long pruning ; branching ; angle diversion of sprout ; dry matter losses ; poplar wood chips ; laboratory scale ; cultivable saproxylic microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply.
    Keywords: watermelon ; salt stress ; RNA-seq ; amino acids ; endocytosis ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; halophyte ; high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) ; Na+ transporter ; salt tolerance ; Sporobolus virginicus ; aquaporins ; barley ; ion transport ; oocytes ; plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) ; GmbZIP15 ; transcription factor ; drought stress ; soybean ; biotechnology breeding ; high-throughput sequencing ; QTLs ; rice ; halophytic wild barley ; salinity ; osmotic stress ; metabolome ; transcriptome ; ionome ; stress adaptation ; Hordeum marinum ; aquaporin ; Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ; plant growth ; abiotic stress ; sensing ; signaling ; transcription factors ; osmoregulation ; antioxidation ; ion homeostasis ; jasmonates ; jasmonate signaling pathway ; crosstalk ; exogenous jasmonate applications ; GWAS ; PGPR ; ACC deaminase ; seed priming ; IAA ; cell wall integrity ; cell wall sensor ; LRXs ; CrRLK1Ls ; Millettia pinnata ; calmodulin-like ; heterologous expression ; halophiles ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ; RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) ; quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: In recent years, new and emerging digital technologies applied to food science have been gaining attention and increased interest from researchers and the food/beverage industries. In particular, those digital technologies that can be used throughout the food value chain are accurate, easy to implement, affordable, and user-friendly. Hence, this Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to novel technology based on sensor technology and machine/deep learning modeling strategies to implement artificial intelligence (AI) into food and beverage production and for consumer assessment. This SI published quality papers from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Spain, and Mexico, including food and beverage products, such as grapes and wine, chocolate, honey, whiskey, avocado pulp, and a variety of other food products.
    Keywords: sensory ; physicochemical measurements ; artificial neural networks ; near infra-red spectroscopy ; wine quality ; machine learning modeling ; weather ; consumer acceptance prediction ; data fusion ; emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; galvanic skin response ; machine learning ; neural networks ; sensory analysis ; avocado ; cultivars ; preference mapping ; sensory evaluation ; sensory descriptive analysis ; consumer science ; unifloral honeys ; botanical origin ; physicochemical parameters ; classification ; natural language processing ; deep learning ; sensory science ; flavor lexicon ; long short-term memory ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint reviews a crop pest management use for several essential oils and the properties of an excellent lemon (citral) source. Research is reported on the biological properties of enhanced lemon oil along with the human intake of citrus beverages and the less common medicinal mastiha oil. Oils and hydrolates of rosemary and lavender were analyzed by headspace/GC-MS to better define their antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, and yeast particle encapsulation was investigated for the controlled release of bioactive terpenes.
    Keywords: monoterpenes ; mastiha oil ; absorption ; Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck ; essential oil ; citral ; nutraceuticals ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; terpenes ; yeast particles ; antimicrobial ; anthelmintic ; prodrug ; beverages ; Citrus ; coumarins ; furocoumarins ; polymethoxyflavones ; linear retention indices ; liquid chromatography ; tandem mass spectrometry ; multiple reaction monitoring ; quality control ; Backhousia citriodora ; lemon myrtle ; lemon oils ; geranial ; neral ; iso-citrals ; citronellal ; flavor ; fragrance ; biological activity ; Lavandula angustifolia ; Rosmarinus officinalis ; essential oils ; hydrolates ; chemical analysis ; volatile compounds ; phytochemicals ; synergism ; fractional inhibitory concentration ; insect mortality rate ; phytopathogenic fungi ; insect pests ; pesticide resistance ; fungicide resistance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.
    Keywords: cooling effect ; urban park ; thermal comfort ; physiological equivalent temperature ; perceived thermal comfort ; urban heat island ; air temperature ; sustainable cities ; smart cities ; urban health ; global warming ; urban green spaces ; sustainable urban development ; climate change mitigation and adaptation ; urban resilience  ; heatwaves ; urban overheating ; urban heat island intensity ; energy budget equation ; sensible heat flux ; latent heat flux ; advective heat flux ; Australian climatic conditions ; coastal cities ; desert climate ; surface urban heat island effect ; land use/land cover ; partial least square regression ; nonlinear programming ; Shanghai ; China ; urban form ; urban microclimate design ; city ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; cool roof ; passive radiative cooling ; metamaterials ; prototype ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Currently, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is the most complex and challenging disease known to humankind. Due to the complex underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, as well as the intrinsic limitations of conventional cancer therapies, the effective treatment of cancer remains a great challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies with superior anticancer ability urgently need to be discovered. In recent years, nano-drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated and applied as alternatives to conventional cancer treatments. Cancer nanomedicines aim to achieve the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor site, utilizing strategies such as passive targeting, active targeting and stimuli-triggered drug release, while simultaneously decreasing drug accumulation in normal tissues, which together lead to improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, several cancer nanomedicines are in regular use, and several others are in various stages of development.This Special Issue will highlight recent progress in the development of novel nanomedicines and targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
    Keywords: graphene quantum dot ; targeted drug delivery ; photothermal therapy ; chemo-therapy ; polymeric prodrug ; theranostic nanocomplex ; pH-triggering releasing ; magnetic targeting ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic resonance imaging ; docetaxel ; adenosine receptors ; PLGA ; nanoparticles ; lung cancer ; Notch signaling ; RBPJ protein ; drug repurposing ; fidaxomicin ; acarbose ; schaftoside ; breast cancer ; experimental skin cancer ; entrapment efficacy ; ethosomes ; metformin ; in vitro permeation ; zeta potential ; sesamol ; albumin nanoparticles ; doxorubicin ; oxidative stress ; antioxidants ; tumor-derived membrane vesicles ; cancer therapy ; tumor vaccine ; personalized immunotherapy ; low-density lipoprotein ; nanoparticle ; tumor microenvironment-responsive ; magnetic nanofluid ; improved magnetic resonance imaging ; neutral-responsive Fenton reaction ; enhanced chemodynamic therapy ; brain targeting ; folate receptor ; glioma cancer ; erlotinib ; blood–brain barrier ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: It is long known that many cells can shed extracellular vesicles, small membrane-enclosed cell fragments. Although the existence of extracellular vesicles has been recognized for many years, researchers are only beginning to understand their physiologic significance. Several recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released from cells serve as a mode of cellular communication. They can carry diverse molecular payload (e.g. nucleic acids, bioactive lipids and proteins) to distal organs and recipient cells. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three major groups: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. All these types of extracellular vesicles can be found in a variety of biologic specimen and their numbers, distribution and composition may serve as biomarkers for various disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Although extracellular vesicle-mediated processes are currently best characterized in the fields of cancer biology and neurobiology, evidence is accumulating that extracellular vesicles play a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes, thrombosis, inflammation and cardiovascular calcification. In this Research Topic, we invited review and methodological articles that advance our understanding of extracellular vesicle-related processes in vascular biology.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Angiogenesis ; Atherosclerosis ; Extracellular vesicles ; Calcification ; Biomarkers ; Cardiovascular disease ; Inflammation ; Exosomes ; Platelets ; Heart valve ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In this Special Issue, recent advancements in the field of pediatric tumors are discussed, and novel prognostic markers are critically appraised. Greater understanding of the heterogeneity of pediatric cancers will ultimately lead to new therapeutic strategies with the potential to provide new prospects for precision medicine in pediatric oncology.
    Keywords: undernutrition ; obesity ; nutritional status ; childhood cancer ; overall survival ; event-free survival ; relapse ; treatment-related toxicity ; review ; sarcoma botryoides ; fertility-sparing surgery ; embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma ; genital tract ; prognosis ; treatment ; local debulking ; neoadjuvant chemotherapy ; radiation ; ovarian cancer ; adolescents ; diagnosis ; therapy ; guidelines ; children ; papillary thyroid cancer ; proto-oncogene B-raf gene (BRAF) ; craniopharyngioma ; recurrence ; risk factors ; youth ; acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ; child ; genetics ; CDKN2A/2B deletions ; fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) ; multiple-ligation probe amplification (MLPA) ; copy-number alterations (CNAs) ; risk stratification ; minimal residual disease (MRD) ; cardiotoxicity ; chemotherapeutics agents ; biomarkers ; omics technology ; medulloblastoma ; tumor ; histologic ; pediatrics ; micro-RNAs ; non-coding RNAs ; molecular subgroup ; stratification ; acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; proteomics ; oncology ; chemotherapy ; cardiac function tests ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Recently, the development of polymeric materials for biomedical applications has advanced significantly. Polymeric materials are favored in the development of therapeutic devices, including temporary implants and three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering and in vitro disease modelling.Further advancements have also occurred in the utilization of polymeric materials for pharmacological applications, such as delivery vehicles for drug release.We would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue. Research topics of interest include, but are not limited to, recent advances related to 3D cell culture, biomaterials, tissue engineering, disease modelling, hydrogel, organoids, drug discovery, bioimaging, cardio-renal, metabolic disease, and stem cell biology.
    Keywords: hydrogels ; crosslinking ; degradable ; gamma (γ)-irradiation ; sterilization ; sterility assurance ; antibacterial ability ; jojoba ; Simmondsia ; chemistry ; liquid wax ; biology ; toxicity ; pharmaceutical/industrial uses ; articular cartilage ; mechanical properties ; tribological properties ; antibacterial ; pathogens ; infectious diseases ; silver nanoparticles ; wound care ; wound dressings ; polymers ; gelatin ; nanofibers ; sponges ; Ag/RGO nanocomposites ; green preparation ; anticancer performance ; potential mechanism ; oxidative stress ; hydrogel ; poloxamer 407 polymer ; poloxamer 407 gel ; transungual drug delivery ; onychomycosis ; ungual penetration enhancer ; Terbinafine ; diafiltration ; SAXS ; aromatic interactions ; poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) ; chlorpheniramine ; polyelectrolyte ; aggregation ; coaxial electrospinning ; extracellular matrix ; myelination ; oligodendrocyte ; water-soluble materials ; orthokeratology lens ; protein deposition ; optical characteristics ; rubbing ; chitosan ; kenaf ; nanocrystalline cellulose ; platelet lysate ; wound healing ; carbohydrate polymers blends ; functional food ; antioxidant activity ; co-microencapsulation ; spray drying ; bacteria viability (Bacillus clausii) ; probiotics ; itraconazole ; self-emulsifying nanovesicles ; transungual ; anti-fungal ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is widely used in the treatment of haematological malignancies as a form of immunotherapy acting through a graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reaction. This curative allogeneic response can be associated with severe drawbacks, such as frequent and severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and a long-lasting immunodeficiency, especially now with the development of innovative strategies such as umbilical cord blood transplantation or transplants from haplo-identical family donors (Haplo-HSCT). In the long-term follow-up of these patients, severe post-transplant infections, relapse or secondary malignancies may be directly related to persistent immune defects.Reconstitution of the different lymphocyte populations (B, T, NK, NKT) and antigen presenting cells of myeloid origin (monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) should be considered not only quantitatively but especially qualitatively, in terms of functional subsets. Immune deficiency leading to an increased susceptibility to infections lasts for more than a year. Although infections that occur in the first month mostly result from a deficiency in both granulocytes and mononuclear cells (MNC), later post-engraftment infections are due to a deficiency in MNC subsets, primarily CD4 T-cells and B-cells. T-cell reconstitution has been extensively studied because of the central role of T-cells in mediating both GvHD, evidenced by the reduced incidence of this complication following T-Cell depletion, and a GvL effect as shown by DLI. In the recent years there has been renewed interest in the role of NK-cells, especially in the context of Haplo-HSCT, and in B-cell reconstitution.This Frontiers Research Topic will provide state of the art knowledge of the mechanisms of immune reconstitution in an allogeneic environment, in order to improve monitoring and therapeutic intervention in allo-HSCT patients.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; cell therapy ; Immune reconstitution ; Haplo-SCT ; HSCT ; Thymic function ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue contains one review and five original articles, all of which address cutting-edge research in the field of water and environmental virology. The review article by Gerba and Betancourt summarizes the current status and future needs for the development of virus detection methods in water reuse systems, especially focusing on methods to assess the infectivity of enteric viruses. Original papers cover a variety of research topics, such as an environmental monitoring survey of group A rotaviruses in sewage and oysters in Japan, the occurrence and genetic diversity of noroviruses and rotaviruses in a wastewater reclamation system in China, the detection of viruses and their indicators in tanker water and its sources in Nepal, integrated culture next-generation sequencing to identify the diversity of F-specific RNA coliphages in wastewater, and the development of a portable collection and detection method for viruses from ambient air and its application to a wastewater treatment plant.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; reuse ; aerosols ; viral indicator ; wastewater treatment ; microbial contamination ; index virus ; real-time PCR ; tanker water ; virus ; wastewater reclamation ; pathogenic virus ; infectivity ; chlorination ; molecular methods ; wastewater ; next-generation sequencing ; fecal source tracking ; oyster ; fecal-source marker ; viral contamination ; cell culture ; pathogenic microorganisms ; rotavirus ; ultraviolet disinfection ; F-specific RNA bacteriophage strain ; sewage ; waterborne gastroenteritis viruses ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This reprint is devoted to “greener catalysis for environmental applications”, and primarily covers the catalytic synthesis of value-added chemicals, as well as the catalytic removal of pollutants. The most important topics covered were the conversion of waste to the product, solvent-free conditions as well as toxicity assessment of the reaction products.
    Keywords: selectivity tuning ; CO2 methanation ; reverse water gas shift ; photocatalysis ; dye ; UV ; peroxydisulfate ; advanced oxidation process ; Fischer-Tropsch ; jet fuel ; gasoline ; CoMn ; hydrotalcite-like precursors ; heterogeneous catalysis ; montmorillonite ; benzimidazoles ; gallium ; vanadium ; hydrodesulfurization ; hydrogenation ; synthesis method ; catalysis ; zero valent iron ; de-chlorination ; borohydride ; sol-gel ; ferromagnetic ; glycine–nitrate process ; copper-based nanoparticles ; photocatalysis activity ; NP9EO ; Fenton degradation ; ofloxacin ; Fe3O4 ; zeolite ; heterogeneous ; ion exchange resins ; waste cooking oil ; reuse of catalyst ; epoxidation ; Circular Economy ; contaminants of emerging concern ; advanced oxidation processes ; by-products ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Vegetable crops provide valuable minerals and vitamins that are indispensible for human health. Scientists have been working on the genetics of vegetable crops, deciphering the molecular bases of agronomically important traits. These genetic bases and variations in vegetable traits will greatly facilitate vegetable genetic improvement. Therefore, the genes of and genetic research on vegetable crops are of great importance. This Special Issue is a collection of 13 important research papers addressing the genes, genetics, and breeding of major vegetable crops. In the present book, the authors described the genes and QTLs responsible for stress tolerance, disease resistance, vegetable yield, and quality. The 13 research papers cover germplasm enhancement and evaluation, QTL mapping, gene isolation, marker development, and gene expression as well as gene editing in a wide range of vegetable species, including broccoli, pepper, eggplant, onion, and Cucurbita species. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of improving breeding efficiency with molecular breeding to generate environment-adaptive, high-yield, and high-quality vegetable crops with which to feed the global population of 9.7 billion in an extreme climate by 2050.
    Keywords: pepper ; Capsicum annuum ; Phytophthora capsici ; high-density genetic map ; QTL ; Capcicum annuum L. ; RNA-Seq ; nitrogen-use efficiency ; low-nitrogen tolerance ; CaHSP18.1a ; gene silencing ; transgenic Arabidopsis ; heat stress ; gene expression ; pumpkin ; simple sequence repeat (SSR) ; syntenic relationship ; cross-species markers ; population structure ; eggplant ; heat shock factor (Hsf) ; heat shock protein (Hsp) ; thermotolerance ; C. frutescens ; SSR ; germplasm ; genetic diversity ; CRISPR/Cas ; gene knockout ; genome editing ; germplasm resource ; precision editing ; regulatory framework ; trait improvement ; Brassica oleracea ; broccoli ; candidate gene ; anthocyanin ; allelochemicals ; VOCs properties ; VOCs action ; VOCs detection ; green agriculture ; progress ; genetic researches ; molecular breeding ; transcriptomics ; transcription factor ; heritability ; genetic advance ; multi-trait selection ; principal component analysis ; HRM ; molecular marker ; phylogenetic analysis ; RNA sequencing ; SCAR ; SNP ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This e-book summarises the latest advances in the rheumatic diseases with a focus on the recent efforts of vascular and pulmonary manifestations and anticipate the new and future directions of these research topic. Rheumatic diseases represent a heterogeneous group of severe autoimmune disorders. The present Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the complexity of vascular and pulmonary manifestations of rheumatologic diseases and helps in knowledge to manage them. The eleven published articles here collected underline the complexity of rheumatic diseases and the difficult to treated them. The manuscripts provide an overview of the pathophysiology and current treatment regimes of these disorders, highlighting tools which assist with diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy. Finally, we underline the importance of a multidisciplinary team working using the skills of clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists.
    Keywords: systemic sclerosis ; scleroderma ; interstitial lung disease ; pulmonary function tests ; high-resolution computed tomography ; rheumatic ; pulmonary arterial hypertension ; targeted therapy ; systemic lupus erythematosus ; airway disease ; shrinking lung syndrome ; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage ; pleurisy ; infection ; cardiopulmonary exercise testing ; osteopontin ; connective tissue diseases ; pulmonary involvement ; microvascular involvement ; nailfold capillaroscopy ; rheumatoid arthritis ; interstitial lung diseases ; CX3CL1/fractalkine ; CX3CR1 ; M1 macrophage ; M2 macrophage ; SKG mice ; heart failure ; 3D-echocardiography ; ventricular function ; outcome ; ventricular-arterial coupling ; antifibrotic agents ; COVID-19 ; IPF ; progressive fibrosing ILD ; UIP ; pharmacological interactions ; fibromyalgia ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; probiotic ; VSL#3® ; efficacy ; tolerability ; polymyalgia rheumatica ; vagus nerve stimulation ; inflammatory response ; PMR ; t-vns ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Gamma/delta (γδ) T-cells are a small subset of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation but constitute a major T-cell population at other anatomical localizations such as the epithelial tissues. In contrast to conventional a/ß T-cells, the available number of germline genes coding for T-cell receptor (TCR) variable elements of γδ T-cells is very small. Moreover, there is a prefential localization of γδ T-cells expressing given Vgamma and Vdelta genes in certain tissues. In humans, γδ T-cells expressing the Vg9Vd2-encoded TCR account for anywhere between 50 and 〉95% of peripheral blood γδ T-cells, whereas cells expressing non-Vd2 genes dominate in mucosal tissues. In mice, there is an ordered appearance of γδ T-cell „waves“ during embryonic development, resulting in preferential localization of γδ T-cells expressing distinct VgammaVdelta genes in the skin, the reproductive organs, or gut epithelia. The major function of γδ T-cells resides in local immunosurveillance and immune defense against infection and malignancy. This is supported by the identification of ligands that are selectively recognized by the γδ TCR. As an example, human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cells recognize phosphorylated metabolites („phosphoantigens“) that are secreted by many pathogens but can also be overproduced by tumor cells, providing a basis for a role of these γδ T-cells in both anti-infective and anti-tumor immunity. Similarly, the recognition of endothelial protein C receptor by human non-Vdelta2 γδ T-cells has recently been identified to provide a link for the role for such γδ T-cells in immunity against epithelial tumor cells and cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells. In addition to „classical“ functions such as cytokine production and cytotoxicity, recent studies suggest that subsets of γδ T-cells can exert additional functions such as regulatory activity and – quite surpisingly – „professional“ antigen-presenting capacity. It is currently not well known how this tremendous extent of functional plasticity is regulated and what is the extent of γδ TCR ligand diversity. Due to their non-MHC-restricted recognition of unusual stress-associated ligands, γδ T-cells have raised great interest as to their potential translational application in cell-based immunotherapy. Topics of this Research Focus include: Molecular insights into the activation and differentiation requirements of γδ T-cells, role of pyrophosphates and butyrophilin molecules for the activation of human γδ T-cells, role of γδ T-cells in tumor immunity and in other infectious and non-infectious diseases, and many others. We are most grateful to all colleagues who agreed to write a manuscript. Thanks to their contributions, this E-book presents an up-to-date overview on many facets of the still exciting γδ T-cells.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Infection ; Butyrophilin 3A1 ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; cancer immunotherapy ; IL-17 ; Pyrophosphates ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Maven Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: The development of natural products requires the confluence of the modern techniques and integrated approaches in various fields of science and technology. Intention of this book is to highlight different aspects of globalization of traditional medicine with the focus on some crucial and contemporary issues on validation of natural products. Eminent scientists around the globe have contributed for this book on different issues of ethnopharmacology, traditional medicine and globalization. Given the importance on promotion and development of natural products, this book covers various aspects on revitalization of traditional medicines. The contributors have provided an insight into the modem aspects and future of traditional medicine inspired drug development, validation, safety related quality issues, sustainability and globalization. Bringing together expertise from academia and industry, this edited volume provides an overview of traditional medicine with wisdom and know-how in both innovation and commercialization, placing natural product research in a broader sense for readers. This edited volume contains 68 chapters emphasizing several thrust areas of ethnopharmacology and natural products. A wide diversity of chapters has been contributed by eminent personalities throughout the world including Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Sri. Shekhar Dutt, Dr. Marco Leonti, Dr. G. A. Cordell, Dr. R. Verpoorte, Dr. P. J. Houghton, Dr. P. Pushpangadan, Dr. Y. K. Gupta, Dr. A.K.S. Rawat, Dr. S.K. Kulkarni, Dr. Colin W. Wright, Dr. S. C. Mandal, Dr. C. K. Katiyar, Dr. T. K. Mukherjee, Dr. S. Rajan, Dr. G. Schemda, Dr. P. K. Debnath, Dr. Bob Alkin, Dr. Elfin Y. Sukandar, Dr. N. Maity, Dr. A. K. Mitra, Dr. E. Hossain, Dr. H. Fukui, Dr. S.Bhadra, Dr. N. Neema, Dr. H. Mizuguchi, Dr. D. Chattopadhyay, Dr. T. Sen, Dr. Erdem Yesilada, Dr. S.K.Mitra, Dr. S.C. Bachar, Dr. S. Karmakar, Dr. G. B. J. Bailly, Dr. P. Haldar, Dr. Y. Oztruk, Dr. S. Pandit, and others. All representing the-state-of-the-art of the field, and thus would be interesting sources for information. This book will be of enormous help to the undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and academia and all others working in the area of Ethnopharmacology and natural product research. It will be an imperative addition to the libraries of technical and administrative personnel in the industries and Universities as a potential resource to update their knowledge.
    Keywords: Globalization ; traditional medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: With the development of analytical instruments, the academic system has become more complicated, producing new journals one after another. Therefore, it became much important to clarify what is original of “Medicines”. As the name Medicines indicates, it includes science and practice of caring for a patient and managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment or palliation of their injury or disease. Therefore, Medicines differs from other journals with similar title in that it covers a wide range of fields, from traditional medicine to rapidly developing molecular-targeted drugs, focusing on their pharmacological effects, structure–activity relationships, metabolic pathways, gene expression, using cultured cells, animals, and clinical trials. Most parts of this Special Issue were written by our editorial board members, who described the research topics and how they are engaged in their field of research. All of these articles are their life-long story. We collected a total number of 22 original works by basic researchers and clinical doctors. We hope that readers can get a chance to know the current status of diverse fields of medicines, and what your most important research themes are after reading these articles.
    Keywords: Hedychium ; traditional medicine ; coronarin D ; villosin ; anti-acetylcholinesterase ; antidiabetic ; anti-inflammatory ; antimicrobial ; antioxidant ; antitumor ; Genista tridentata ; Pterospartum tridentatum ; isoflavones ; flavonols ; genistein ; biochanin A ; rutin ; daidzein ; inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn’s disease ; ulcerative colitis ; extra-intestinal manifestations ; orofacial granulomatosis ; tag-like lesions ; cobblestoning ; mucogingivitis ; lip swelling ; aphthous stomatitis ; Angelicae Sinensis Radix ; Danggui ; granules ; herb ; multivariate analysis ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography ; Tai Chi ; qigong ; immune system ; immunity ; inflammation ; telemedicine ; remote monitoring ; GER-e-TEC ; elderly patient ; artificial intelligence ; geriatric syndromes ; detection of the precursory signs of decompensation of geriatric syndromes ; renal cell cancer ; genomic landscape ; targeted therapy ; tumor evolution ; tumor heterogeneity ; allergic rhinitis ; quercetin ; human CD4+ T cells ; Th1/Th2 cytokine balance ; modulation ; in vitro ; intravascular catheter ; CRBSI ; biofilm ; CVC ; antifouling ; chromone ; tumor specificity ; QSAR analysis ; apoptosis ; cell cycle analysis ; contrast-enhanced ultrasound ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; LI-RADS ; chronic liver disease ; granuloma annulare ; granulomatous disorders of the skin ; inflammatory skin conditions ; medical dermatology ; biliary tract cancer ; cholangiocarcinoma ; PARP ; BRCA ; olaparib ; rucaparib ; liver cancer ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; pancreatic cancer ; sarcoidosis ; superior vena cava syndrome ; venous thrombosis ; RUCAM ; Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method ; diagnostic algorithm ; iDILI ; iDrug induced liver injury ; DILI ; HILI ; herb induced liver injury ; Stachys L. ; traditional uses ; pharmacological activities ; phytochemicals ; bioactive compounds ; Kampo formulae ; alkaline extract of Sasa sp. ; pine cone extract ; povidone-iodine ; HSV ; HIV ; loss of infectivity ; solubilization method ; diaphragmatic breathing ; abdominal breathing ; breathing exercise ; systematic review ; randomized controlled trial ; respiratory function ; auricular acupuncture ; preoperative anxiety ; protocol ; randomized controlled trials ; meta-analysis ; boiogito ; knee osteoarthritis ; rat ; Yokukansan ; fentanyl ; transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel ; phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) ; whole-cell patch-clamp recording ; herbal medicine ; calcium metabolism ; bone metabolism ; protease ; osteoclast ; macrophage ; RANKL ; LPS ; TLR4 ; TREM2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38% from 2021 to 2028.
    Keywords: 17-4PH ; SLM ; solution temperature ; microstructure and properties ; selective laser melting ; CuCrZr alloy ; process parameters ; relative density ; tensile properties ; Ni-based superalloys ; electron beam melting ; additive manufacturing ; Argon gas atomized ; plasma rotation electrode process ; powder characteristics ; residual stresses ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; finite element modeling (FEM) ; triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) ; copper corrosion ; liquefied petroleum gas ; H2S corrosion ; SEM ; XPS ; CLF-1 steel ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; in-situ alloying ; composition inhomogeneity ; computer simulation ; processing map ; laser powder bed fusion ; graphene ; high temperature ; mechanical property ; alumina ; cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy ; electroless plating ; friction performance ; implants ; Laser Powder Bed Fusion ; defects ; process parameter ; powder bed fusion ; surface roughness ; porosity ; residual stress ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: La relación médico-paciente está sometida a varias presiones. La financiación de la asistencia sanitaria puede determinar tanto la percepción colectiva del acceso a los recursos sociales (prestaciones económicas, centros de atención especializada, ayudas a domicilio, entre otros) como la prescripción de medicamentos y de pruebas complementarias. Además de las prioridades del financiador o de los beneficiarios de los resultados económicos, las campañas publicitarias influyen también en el criterio del paciente, al que la industria farmacéutica halaga convenciéndolo de que posee conocimientos de medicina y de que es un consumidor con el poder de escoger, cuando en realidad decide porque tiene los medios económicos para pagar su elección. En este libro se analizan las razones que empujan a los profesionales de la sanidad hacia una parcialidad interesada, así como las consecuencias éticas que ello tiene sobre el individuo y sobre la eficiencia del sistema sanitario.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; BJ1-1725 ; Relacions metge-pacient ; Medicina ; Dret ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Spanish
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Despite the availability of thirty-six antiseizure medications, about one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to the pharmacological treatment and develop a so-called “pharmaco-resistant epilepsy” or “refractory epilepsy.” Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, effective therapies based on novel mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability that leads to seizures. This reprint’s original research papers and review articles highlight unknown mechanisms underlying pharmaco-resistant resistant epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure suppression.
    Keywords: 3CAI ; GRIA1 ; GRIA2 ; intractable epilepsy ; PICK1 ; protein kinase C ; pericytes ; mural cells ; cytokine ; blood-brain barrier ; neuroinflammation ; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 ; AKT ; cyclosporin A ; GluA1 ; GluR1 ; PDK1 ; refractory seizure ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; hippocampus ; 4-aminopyridine ; epilepsy model ; long-term potentiation ; AMPA receptor ; audiogenic epilepsy ; rodents ; fear reaction ; behavior genetics ; c-Fos ; early gene activation ; epileptogenesis ; lipopolysaccharide ; pentylenetetrazole ; post-traumatic epilepsy ; seizure susceptibility ; traumatic brain injury ; epilepsy ; ghrelin ; ghrelin receptor ; anxiety ; TRPV1 channels ; neuronal activity ; neuropsychiatric comorbidity ; immunofluorescence ; audiogenic kindling ; acoustically evoked seizures ; EACT ; generalized tonic-clonic seizures ; inherited epilepsy ; TMEM1A channels ; wild running seizures ; astrocyte ; ML365 ; pharmacoresistant epilepsy ; cortical atrophy ; hippocampal atrophy ; intracerebral electrode ; magnetic resonance imaging ; posttraumatic epilepsy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Aflatoxins are a group of polyketide mycotoxins that are produced mainly by members of the genus Aspergillus. Production of these toxic secondary metabolites is closely related to fungal development (Keller et al., 2005; Jamali et al., 2012). Contamination of food, feed and agricultural commodities by aflatoxins poses enormous economic and serious health concerns because these chemicals are highly carcinogenic and can directly influence the structure of DNA. The resulting genetic defects can lead to fetal misdevelopment and miscarriages; aflatoxins are also known to suppress immune systems (Razzaghi-Abyaneh et al., 2013). In a global context, aflatoxin contamination is a constant concern between the 35N and 35S latitude where developing countries are mainly situated. With expanding boundaries of developing countries, aflatoxin contamination has become a persistent problem to those emerging areas (Shams-Ghahfarokhi et al., 2013). The continuing threat by aflatoxin contamination of food, feed and agricultural commodities to the world population has made aflatoxin research one of the most exciting and rapidly developing study areas of microbial toxins. The present research topic includes six review articles, three mini reviews and four original research articles. Contributors highlight current global health issues arising from aflatoxins and aflatoxigenic fungi and cover important aspects of aflatoxin research including contamination of crops, epidemiology, molecular biology and management strategies. Special attention is given to fungus-plant host interactions, biodiversity and biocontrol, sexual recombination in aflatoxigenic aspergilli, potential biomarkers for aflatoxin exposure in humans and safe storage programs.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; genetic diversity ; Public Health ; Aspergillus flavus ; Genomics ; MicroRNAs ; Fungus host interactions ; biological control ; aflatoxin ; agricultural crops ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In Western countries, cancer is among the most frequent causes of death. Despite striking advances in cancer therapy, especially by the so called “targeted agents”, there is still an urgent need for new drugs in oncology. Hope comes from the marine environment, which is a rich source of natural compounds showing anti-cancer activity. To date, four marine cytotoxic substances, namely cytarabine, trabectidine, eribulin, and monomethyl auristatin E (as a drug-antibody conjugate named vedotin) have made it into clinical routine. Many more are in all phases of clinical testing, and a plethora of substances has already been examined for in vitro and in vivo activity. Interestingly, more and more precise research tools allow the dissection of the molecular mode of action of these cytotoxic substances, thereby uncovering the specific drug targets in cancer cells. This development will blur the edges between “targeted” and “untargeted” therapy, and will hopefully lead to a more directed use of cancer medicine (based on a molecular rationale of activity) in the future. This Topical Collection will cover the whole scope from agents with cancer-preventive activity, to novel and previously characterized compounds with anti-cancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo, and the latest status of clinical development from drug trials. Of note, compounds possessing pro-carcinogenic activity or mediating cancer cell survival are also within the scope of this Topical Collection. In addition, a special focus will be placed on current shortfalls and possible strategies to overcome obstacles in the area of marine anti-cancer drug development.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; toxicology ; marine toxins ; drug discovery ; marine natural compounds and their derivatives ; xenograft models ; drug combination ; cancer ; drug resistance ; cancer-preventive activity ; molecular effects ; molecular targets ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Personalized medicine for Parkinson’s disease is a growing and emerging concept in light of recent recognition that Parkinson’s is a syndromic condition affecting multiple neurotransmitter systems, as well as brain and extracranial structures. The clinical expression is, thus, heterogeneous, and presentation age can range from the 30s to the 90s, with PD in older patients being associated with significant neuropathological comorbidity as well, involving not just misfolded alpha synuclein deposition but also amyloid and tau. Traditional and largely guideline-driven “one size fits all” management strategies adopted in clinical practice are, therefore, often inadequate in holistic management of a patient, particularly when aspects of motor and nonmotor symptoms are taken into consideration. In this supplement of JPM, we present a selection of papers which address several possible strands of personalized medicine in PD, ranging from genomic precision medicine to digital “checklists” to ensure delivery of holistic personalized medicine involving nonpharmacological strategies, as well. We are soliciting any papers addressing biomarkers, genetics and pharmacogenetics, treatment or complementary therapies for personalized or individualized treatment for PD.
    Keywords: Parkinson’s disease ; movement disorders ; periodontitis ; periodontal disease ; hematologic tests ; Vitamin D ; oral health ; Parkinson’s Disease ; cognition ; GABAergic signaling ; cerebellum ; MRS ; response inhibition ; non-motor symptoms ; carer stress ; older persons with Parkinson’s disease ; education ; lifestyle behaviours ; diet ; cross-sectional ; population study ; neurological disorders ; precision medicine ; genetics ; clinical trials ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; cognitive rehabilitation ; intervention ; deep brain stimulation ; levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel ; apomorphine ; radiofrequency ; focused ultrasound ; induced pluripotent stem cells ; cell therapy ; gene therapy ; personalized medicine ; advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) ; apomorphine subcutaneous infusion therapy ; pain ; intrajejunal ; levodopa ; motor and non-motor symptoms ; PKG (KinetiGrap) ; rehabilitation ; device-aided therapies ; personalised medicine ; Alzheimer’s disease ; clinical trial ; impulsive-compulsive disorders (ICD) ; dopaminergic therapy ; genetic markers ; pharmacogenetic ; polymorphisms ; insomnia ; sleep quality ; assessment ; young onset Parkinson’s (YOPD) ; Emiratis ; expatriate ; genetic ; epigenetics ; societal impact ; device aided therapies ; quality of life ; non motor symptoms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the urological sphere, the number of tumor malignancies caused by cancer is continuously growing in Western countries. Although this is mainly due to the contemporary increase in the life expectancy of people in these geographic areas, many other factors are also contributing to this growth. Urological cancer is a complex and varied disease which affects different organs and mainly affects the male population. In fact, in most statistics, kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer are regularly included in the top-ten list of the most frequent neoplasms in males. The female population, however, has also been increasingly affected by renal and bladder cancer in the last decade. From these facts, it is clear that urological cancer is a problem of major concern in developed societies. This Topic Issue of Cancers intends to shed some light on the complexity of this field and will consider all useful and appropriate contributions from scientists and clinicians in order to improve urological cancer knowledge for patients’ benefit.
    Keywords: high-risk prostate cancer ; androgen receptor axis ; castration resistance ; neuroendocrine carcinoma ; PARP inhibition ; immunotherapy ; cancer genome ; precision targeting ; robot-assisted partial nephrectomy ; renal cell carcinoma ; indocyanine green ; nephron sparing ; prostate cancer survivors ; follow-up care ; primary health care ; general practice ; process evaluation ; Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research ; prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography ; multiparametric magnetic-resonance imaging ; primary diagnosis ; prostate cancer ; systematic review ; diagnosis ; PSMA ; PSA ; tumor ; PET scan ; bladder cancer ; bisphenol A ; bisphenol S ; energy metabolism ; migration ; proliferation ; carbon-ion radiotherapy ; elderly patients ; radiotherapy ; particle beam therapy ; life expectancy ; systemic immune-inflammation index ; Charlson comorbidity index ; CAPRA-S ; early survival ; male incontinence ; robotic prostatectomy ; clear cell renal cell carcinoma ; ferroptosis ; prognostic model ; TCGA ; E-MTAB-1980 ; GLS2 ; pazopanib ; real-world data ; non-interventional study ; time on drug ; nivolumab ; everolimus ; trial-eligibility ; ureteral neoplasms ; urinary bladder neoplasms ; ureteroscopy ; CNTF ; CNTFRα ; LNCaP ; 22Rv1 ; castration resistant ; castration sensitive ; STAT3 ; ERK ; MMP ; biomarker ; Gleason grade ; transforming growth factor-β family ; activin ; INHBA ; INHBB ; INHBC ; prostate-specific antigen ; false-positive results ; real world-data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The practical importance of economic valuation information can hardly be overstated. Coastal and marine resource policy planning and management benefit from complete information on the impact of policy decisions.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; internet survey ; open access ; contingent valuation method ; coastal management ; tourism ; Thailand ; marine ; wetlands ; harmful algae blooms ; environmental valuation ; quota ; cyanobacteria ; estuarine and coastal ecosystems ; wealth accounting ; seawater quality ; economic analysis ; remote sensing ; ecosystem restoration ; coastal ecosystems ; random utility model ; contingent behavior ; public policy ; habitat–fishery linkages ; Barbados ; coastal ecosystem services valuation ; fishery ; mangroves ; ecosystem services valuation ; coral reefs valuation ; recreational boating ; regulated open access ; non-market value ; economic valuation ; ecosystem services ; coastal ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that are heritable but not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. By modulating gene activities, epigenetic changes regulate cell functions. They include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and gene silencing by the action of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs. It is now clear that epigenetic changes regulate B cell development. By acting in concert with networks of transcription factors, they modulate the activation of B cell lineage specific gene programs and repress inappropriate gene transcription in particular B cell differentiation states. A hallmark of B cell development in the bone marrow is the assembly of the B cell receptor (BCR) for antigen through rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chain V(D)J genes, as mediated by RAG1/RAG2 recombinases. Ig V(D)J rearrangement critically times the progression from pro-B cell to pre-B cell and, finally, mature B cell. Such progression is modulated by epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications, that increase chromatin accessibility and target RAG/RAG2 to V, D and J DNA. It is also dependent on the expression of multiple microRNAs. Mice deficient in Ago2, which is essential for microRNA biogenesis and function, have B cell development blocked at the pro-B cell stage. In agreement with this, B cell specific ablation of microRNA by B cell-specific knockout of Dicer virtually blocks B cell differentiation at the pro-B to pre-B cell transition. After mature B cells encounter antigen, changes of the epigenetic landscape are induced by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response; such epigenetic changes underpin the maturation of the antibody response itself. They instruct those B cell differentiation processes, somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch DNA recombination (CSR) and plasma cell differentiation, that are central to the maturation of the antibody response as well as differentiation of memory B cells. Inducible histone modifications, together with DNA methylation and microRNAs modulate the transcriptome, particularly the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), central to SHM and CSR, and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), which is central to plasma cell differentiation. Combinatorial histone modifications also function as histone codes in the targeting of the CSR and, possibly, the SHM machinery to the Ig locus by recruiting specific adaptors (histone code readers) that can in turn target and/or stabilize CSR/SHM factors. Epigenetic alterations in memory B cells contribute to their functionally distinction from their naive counterparts. Memory B cells inherit epigenetic information from their precursors and acquire new epigenetic marks, which make these resting B cells poised to promptly respond to antigen. The cross/feedback regulation of different epigenetic modifications/elements further increases the complexity of the B cell epigenome, which interacts with the genetic information for precise modulation of gene expression. It is increasingly evident that epigenetic dysregulation in B cells, including aberrant expression of microRNAs, can result in aberrant antibody responses to microbial pathogens, emergence of pathogenic autoantibodies or B cell neoplastic transformation. Epigenetic marks are potential targets for new therapeutics in autoimmunity and B cell malignancy.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; BLIMP-1 ; CSR ; immunoglobulin ; memory B cell ; Plasma cell ; V(D)J Recombination ; microRNA ; SHM ; AID ; epigenetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Excessive alcohol drinking represents a major social and public health problem for several countries. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy leads to a complex syndrome referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), chiefly characterized by mental retardation. The effects of early exposure to ethanol can be reproduced in laboratory animals and this helped to answer several key questions concerning the human pathology. The interest of experimental models of FASD is twofold. First, they increase our knowledge about the dose and modality of alcohol consumption able to induce damaging effects on the developing brain. Second, experimental models of FASD can provide useful hints to elucidate the basic mechanisms leading to the intellectual disability. In fact, experimental exposure to alcohol can be carried out during discrete, often very restricted, time windows. As a consequence, FASD models, though depending on the multifaceted interference of alcohol with several molecular pathways, can provide valuable information about which specific developmental periods and brain areas are critically involved in the genesis of mental retardation. Putting together data obtained through several experimental paradigms of alcohol exposure and those deriving from other genetic and non-genetic models, one can figure out to what extent different types of mental retardation share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The present Research Topic is aimed at establishing the state of the art of the current research on experimental FASD, focusing on differences and homologies with other types of intellectual disability. The ultimate goal is to find out a common roadmap in view of future therapeutical approaches.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC435-571 ; RJ1-570 ; glial cells ; development ; Amygdala ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ; Cerebral Cortex ; Intellectual Disability ; epigenetics ; Apoptosis ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Reúne textos de especialistas das áreas de Saúde e de Educação com longa, competente e comprometida atuação na luta por mudanças sociais, preocupados com um (con)viver humano mais solidário. A obra mostra ser possível a constituição de serviços de saúde com profissionais sensíveis e preparados para atuar em tempos de novas exigências técnicas e de capacitação profissional. Por instigar a (re)pensar o aperfeiçoamento técnico e ético do trabalho, com idéias e propostas originais e atuais, trata-se, certamente, de contribuição de relevância para aqueles que, direta ou indiretamente, encontram-se engajados na causa do Sistema Único de Saúde.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Pessoal técnico de saúde-educação ; Ocupação em saúde ; educação profissional ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The recent wave of clinical studies demonstrating long-term therapeutic efficacy highlights the enormous potential of gene therapy as an approach to the treatment of inherited disorders and cancer. While in recent years lentiviral vectors have dominated the field of ex vivo gene therapy in man, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become the platform of choice for the in vivo gene delivery, both local and systemic.Despite the achievements in the clinic however, a number of hurdles remain to be overcome in gene therapy, these include availability of scalable vector production systems, potential issues associated with insertional mutagenesis, and concerns related to immunogenicity of gene therapeutics. For AAV vectors, clinical trials showed that immunity directed against the vector could either prevent transduction of a target tissue or limit the duration of therapeutic efficacy. Initial observations in the context of a gene therapy trial for hemophilia spurred over a decade efforts by gene therapists and immunologists to understand the mechanism and identify factors that contribute to AAV’s immunogenicity, including the prevalence of B cell and T cell immunity to wild type AAV in humans and the interaction of AAV vectors with the innate and adaptive immune system. Despite a number of important contributions in particular in the more recent past, our knowledge on the immunology of gene transfer is still rudimental; this is partly due to the fact that the basic understanding of the complex balance between tolerance and immunity to an antigen, key aspect of gene transfer with AAV, keeps evolving rapidly. However, continuing work towards a better definition of the interaction of viral vectors with the immune system has led to significant advances in the knowledge of the factors influencing the outcome of gene transfer, such as the vector dose, the immune privilege of certain tissues, and the induction of tolerance to an antigen. A better understanding of the structure-function relationship of the viral capsid has boosted the development of novel immune-escape vector variants. In addition, novel immunomodulatory strategies were established to prevent or reduce anti-capsid immunity have been developed and are being tested in preclinical models and in clinical trials. Together, these advances are bringing us closer to the goal of achieving safe and sustained therapeutic gene transfer in humans. In this research topic, a collection of Original Research and Review Articles highlights critical aspects of the interaction between gene AAV vectors and the immune system, discussing how these interactions can be either detrimental or constitute an advantage, depending on the context of gene transfer, and providing tools and resources to better understand the issue of immunogenicity of AAV vectors in gene transfer.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; antibody response ; Clinical Trial ; Gene Therapy ; Regulatory T Cell ; Immunomodulation ; Tolerance induction ; adaptive and innate immunity ; adeno-associated virus ; Vaccine ; Epitopes ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Foram identificados 4.490 indivíduos incluindo 17 ordens, 68 famílias e 160 espécies de peixes nos estágios de larvas e juvenis. Foram elaborados textos com informações gerais das ordens e famílias, descrição das principais características das espécies, fotografias dos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, georeferrenciamento, habitat da espécie, nome vulgar e as referências utilizadas para a identificação.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; SCIENCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 67
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Silica and silicon-based nanostructures are now well-understood materials for which the technologies are mature. The most obvious applications, such as electronic devices, have been widely explored over the last two decades. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the state of the art in the field and to enable the emergence of new ideas and concepts for silicon and silica-based nanostructures.
    Keywords: maize ; NPK ; SiO2-NPs ; productivity ; fertilizer ; mineral ; weevils ; LC50 ; toxicity ; mesoporous silica ; nanomaterials ; desulfurization ; fuel ; JP-8 ; black silicon ; light absorption enhanced ; micro-nano manufacturing ; nanometer surface ; nano-silica ; tricalcium aluminate ; pozzolanic reaction ; C-A-S-H gel ; silicon nanoparticles ; silicon nanowires ; synthesis ; high energy density ; lithium-ion batteries ; high-capacity anode ; VLS ; laser pyrolysis ; size effect ; shape effect ; biomass rice husk ; silicon ; nanocrystals ; luminescence ; high porosity ; pH sensor ; temperature sensor ; dual sensor ; metal-assisted chemical etching ; Si nanostructures ; high aspect ratio ; zone plate ; silicon nanowire ; nanowire array ; silicon anode ; n-type silicon anode ; Li-ion battery ; nanowires ; nanonets ; transistor ; integration process ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 68
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue provides a collection of recent research and reviews that investigate many areas of welfare assessment, such as novel approaches and technologies used to evaluate the welfare of farmed, captive, or wild animals. Research in this Special Issue includes welfare assessment related to pilot whales, finishing pigs, commercial turkey flocks, and dairy goats; the use of sensors or wearable technologies, such as heart rate monitors to assess sleep in dairy cows, ear tag sensors, and machine learning to assess commercial pig behaviour; non-invasive measures, such as video monitoring of behaviour, computer vision to analyse video footage of red foxes, remote camera traps of free-roaming wild horses, infrared thermography of effort and sport recovery in sport horses; telomere length and regulatory genes as novel biomarkers of stress in broiler chickens; the effect of environment on growth physiology and behaviour of laboratory rare minnows and housing system on anxiety, stress, fear, and immune function of laying hens; and discussions of natural behaviour in farm animal welfare and maintaining health, welfare, and productivity of commercial pig herds.
    Keywords: bioethics ; domestication ; genetic selection ; animal behavior ; animal welfare ; eye caruncle temperature ; Spanish Sport Horse ; performance test ; genetic lines ; heritability ; infrared thermography ; pigs ; welfare ; health ; herd management ; monitoring technologies ; animal husbandry ; welfare assessment ; wellbeing ; goat ; caprine ; dairy ; dairy cows ; heart rate ; sleep ; heart rate variability ; polysomnography ; animal-based welfare indicators ; camera traps ; wild horses ; precision swine farming ; ear tag pig sensor ; behavioral monitoring ; machine intelligence ; technology adoption ; broiler ; corticosterone ; performance ; telomeres ; telomere regulators ; stress biomarkers ; horse ; equine ; lying ; time budget ; locomotion ; geriatric ; orthopedic ; recumbency ; mixed commercial turkey flocks ; on-farm assessment ; YOLOv4 ; computer vision ; animal monitoring ; animal activity ; body posture ; rare minnow ; environmental enrichment ; growth ; physiology ; anxiety-like behavior ; enrichment ; hospitalization requirement ; lameness ; lesions ; tail biting ; attention bias ; conventional cage ; environmental complexity ; feather corticosterone ; IgA ; laying hen ; animal welfare assessment ; behaviour ; human intervention ; marine mammal ; cetacean ; management ; stranding ; wildlife ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 69
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Global cancer incidence and death are expected to increase in the next decades. Inappropriate therapeutic regimens and tumor recurrence due to the development of drug resistance are two major clinical challenges impacting poor patient outcomes, which is critical to the discovery and development of new anticancer drugs. Over the last few decades, the marine environment has proved to be a key source of molecules with potent anticancer properties. The Special Issue, “Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents 2.0”, gathered eleven publications, including two reviews and nine research articles, about the anticancer activities of marine natural and/or derived products on in vitro 2D and 3D cellular models, and/or in vivo models of colorectal, breast, lung, myeloma, liver, leukemia, and melanoma cancers. Altogether, the eleven scientific papers published in this Special Issue provide an exciting overview of marine natural products as potential anticancer agents.
    Keywords: Clavatadine C ; spirocyclic bromotyrosines ; cytotoxicity ; cancer selectivity ; marine compounds ; melanoma A-375 cell line ; Sarcophyton convolutum ; sarcoconvolutum A–E ; cembrenoids ; anti-angiogenesis ; bromophenols ; tube formation ; vasculogenic mimicry ; brefeldin A ; ester derivative ; chronic myelogenous leukemia ; BCR-ABL ; proliferation inhibition ; molecular modeling ; 5-O-(N-Boc-l-alanine)-renieramycin T ; Xestospongia sp. ; marine sponge ; lung cancer ; anti-cancer ; cancer stem cells ; apoptosis ; Akt ; c-Myc ; migrastatics ; cell migration ; cell invasion ; metastasis ; terpenes ; algae ; marine natural products ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; oxidative stress ; anticancer ; Sphaerococcus coronopifolius ; seaweed ; Laminaria japonica ; Laminaria japonica peptides ; cancer ; liver ; cell cycle ; porphyrin ; Isabela ; hemin ; X-ray diffraction ; NOESY NMR ; cytotoxic ; colorectal cancer ; 5-fluorouracil ; 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid ; tumor-associated macrophages ; chemoresistance ; fucoidan ; immunopotentiation ; immunomodulatory ; immunotherapy ; cancer treatment ; cytokines ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: CD4+ T lymphocytes play an essential role in host defense against bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. During infection, under the influence of intrinsic signals received through peptide-MHC/TCR interactions and extrinsic signals provided by pathogen-conditioned dendritic and other accessory cells, CD4+ T cells proliferate and differentiate into specialized T helper (Th) effectors, which produce distinct sets of cytokines tailored to combat a specific class of microbes. The concept of CD4+ T cell multi-functionality was developed after the seminal discovery of Th1 and Th2 cells nearly 30 years ago. Although the Th1/Th2 paradigm has successfully withstood the test of time, in the past decade additional Th subsets (Th17, Tfh, Th22, Th9) have been identified. Similarly, single cell analyses of cytokines and master transcriptional factors have revealed that, at the population level, CD4+ T cell responses are far more heterogeneous than initially anticipated. While some of the checkpoints in Th cell specification have been identified, recent studies of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation have uncovered a significant flexibility during the course CD4+ T lymphocyte polarization. In addition, Th cells expressing cytokines with counteracting functions, as a measure of self-regulation, display yet another level of diversity. Understanding the mechanisms that control the balance between stability vs. plasticity of Th effectors both at the time of initiation of immune response and during development of CD4 T cell memory is critical for the rational design of better vaccines and new immunotherapeutic strategies. This research topic will cover current views on Th cell development, with a focus on the mechanisms that govern differentiation, function and regulation of effector Th cells in the context of microbial infections.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Infection ; Dendritic Cells ; Cytokines ; Immunoregulation ; CD4 lymphocytes ; Memory ; long noncoding RNA ; Macrophages ; Metabolism ; Th1 Th2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Ledizioni
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This study investigates eighteenth-century medical writing, particularly concerning the elaboration and the communication of medicine in such reference works as universal dictionaries of arts and sciences, medical dictionaries, and handbooks. Most of the vernacular texts under scrutiny here were issued in the second half of the century, a period in which the advancements in medical research, medical education and medical practice favoured the circulation of an expanding medical vocabulary and stimulated medical writing as a whole. A vast amount of reference works was produced for experts and non-experts alike: medical topics were common in social settings, in personal and communal letters, in specialised journals, in pamphlets and in magazines. All this unprecedented activity certainly contributed to the vernacularisation, and the dissemination of medicine in different kinds of works and different text types. The texts examined in the study are representative of their authors’ effort to expand medical knowledge and to define medicine as an independent science based on strict observation, as well as to establish intelligibility within and outside the disciplinary discourse community.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; english ; medicine ; language ; communication ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Publications scientifiques du Muséum
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: De nombreux organismes sont composés de parties répétées, identiques ou modifiées (segments de vers de terre, vertèbres, etc.). Ce mode d’organisation fait l’objet depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle, de nombreuses interrogations de la part des biologistes : quelle est sa signification anatomique, comment se met-il en place lors de l’embryogenèse, que peut-on en déduire sur l’évolution des espèces, etc. ? Ce livre retrace l’histoire de ces questionnements, des théories et des concepts qu’ils ont suscités depuis deux siècles. Il montre que ce problème de la répétition des parties n’a cessé d’occuper une position centrale, au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines biologiques, et ce jusqu’à nos jours.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; morphologie transformiste ; vertébré ; phylogenèse ; Naturphilosophie ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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  • 73
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The Special Issue aimed to bring together scientists working in various branches of control theory to discuss manufacturing control problems that include the following: enterprise control and digital ecosystem creation; the development of identification theory and methodology, and related mathematical problems; parameter, nonparametric, and structure identification and expert analysis; problems regarding selection and data analysis; control systems with an identifier; modeling in intelligent systems; simulation procedures and software; digital identification; reinforcement learning; quantum modeling; intelligent model predictive control; predictive cognitive issues; problems with software quality for complex systems; and global network resources for support processes of modeling and control.
    Keywords: decision-making ; psychic and behavioral components of activity ; action ; result of activity ; equilibrium stability ; consensus ; threshold behavior ; cognitive dissonance ; conformity ; informational control ; informational confrontation ; soft sensing ; multivariate filter ; reactive distillation ; optimal stochastic control ; path planning ; 2D random search ; interception ; external disturbances ; invariance ; block control principle ; decomposition ; high-gain factors ; sliding mode control ; sigmoid function ; Gramian method ; bilinear system process identification ; generalized Lyapunov equation ; knowledgebase ; associative search models ; wavelet analysis ; adaptive differential evolution ; evolutionary computing ; Hammerstein ; nonlinear system identification ; bilinear systems ; eigenmode decomposition ; spectral expansions ; Gramians ; observability ; controllability ; small-signal analysis ; numerical algorithm ; tokamak ; plasma equilibrium reconstruction ; linear plasma models ; identification ; state observer ; LMI ; least square technique ; deep neural network ; parametric uncertainty ; robust control ; super-stability ; regular form ; dynamic mode decomposition ; system identification ; Runge–Kutta method ; nonparametric model ; artificial neural network ; Izhikevich artificial neuron ; vestibular–ocular reflex ; control Lyapunov function ; Bayes criterion ; Haar wavelets ; loss function ; mean risk ; observable stochastic systems (OStS) ; stochastic process (StP) ; wavelet canonical expansion (WLCE) ; nonparametric identification ; dynamic system ; integral model ; Volterra equations ; smoothing cubic splines ; selection of the smoothing option ; modeling ; regularization ; inverse problems ; balanced identification ; error analysis ; one-dimensional heat equation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée
    Publication Date: 2022-07-01
    Description: Les revues de sciences de l’éducation sont un support privilégié pour ce champ. Nous les abordons sous l’angle des mutations et des permanences mais aussi dans la perspective de les lire et d’y publier. Ne nous intéresser qu’aux revues animées par la volonté de « faire science » permet de les distinguer de celles qui expriment des préoccupations strictement professionnelles. Notre sous-titre précise les finalités de l’ouvrage, lire, publier, diffuser, qui ne peuvent être poursuivies que si elles s’appuient sur des écrits sélectionnés, améliorés et validés selon des critères scientifiques et si la diffusion permet d’y accéder. Or, les revues se trouvent confrontées à bien des transformations : la révolution du numérique qui entraîne une réflexion sur les supports, les contraintes économiques de plus en plus pressantes et stressantes, enfin l’omniprésence de l’évaluation. Quels choix effectuer ? Comment les argumenter et les assumer ? Comment informer sur les procédures de décision et de fabrication ? Comment maintenir un haut niveau d’exigence ? Comment aider les « jeunes chercheurs » à être publiés sans y renoncer ? Telles sont les questions dont ce livre s’empare avec le désir explicite de contribuer à l’édification d’un « collège des revues ».
    Keywords: expertise ; écrire ; diffuser ; doctorant ; publier ; revue ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTP Publishing industry & book trade
    Language: French
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  • 75
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    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Leitores interessados no desenvolvimento teórico da bioética e, ao mesmo tempo, em sua aplicação na solução de conflitos morais certamente encontrarão neste livro materiais de grande valor. Cada capítulo coloca a bioética em um contexto diferente: na clínica, na genômica e na biossegurança. No primeiro ensaio, discutem-se as possibilidades dessa ‘caixa de ferramentas’ chamada bioética para compreender e tentar resolver conflitos de interesses e valores no âmbito das relações entre profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde. No segundo, o autor aplica as ferramentas da bioética ao caso dos conflitos morais que envolvem a genômica, contemplando argumentos favoráveis e contrários às práticas da engenharia genética e contribuindo para o raciocínio crítico e sem preconceitos sobre o tema. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo trata da interface entre a bioética e a biossegurança, que têm preocupações comuns, como a questão dos riscos, mas abordagens distintas – enquanto a bioética se ocupa dos valores morais, a biossegurança lança mão de medidas técnicas, administrativas e legais.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 76
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications.
    Keywords: extracellular vesicle ; precision oncology ; cancer biomarker ; prostate cancer ; drug delivery ; extracellular vesicles ; lysosome ; nanocarriers ; ultrasound ; size exclusion chromatography ; differential ultracentrifugation ; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ; exosomes ; cancer ; biomarker ; diagnostic ; therapy ; liquid biopsy ; small extracellular vesicles (sEV) ; tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) ; melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) ; proteomics ; tumor microenvironment ; biomarkers ; ectosomes ; neoplasia ; microvesicles ; small extracellular vesicles ; isolation ; purification ; size-exclusion chromatography ; ultracentrifugation ; sucrose density cushion ; lymph node ; spleen ; solid tissue ; microvesicle ; exosome ; cancer therapeutic ; drug carrier ; flow cytometry ; immunophenotyping ; swarm detection ; tumor-associated macrophages ; macrophage polarization ; mannose receptor ; HIV-1 Nef ; glioblastoma ; microRNA ; immunoprecipitation ; CD44 ; human milk ; nutrient ; microbiota ; microRNAs ; nanocommunicator ; diagnostic biomarker ; drug delivery vehicle ; personalized cancer immunotherapy ; therapeutic agents ; cell-to-cell communication ; ionising radiation ; non-targeted effects ; signalling ; imaging flow cytometry ; biomarker reservoirs ; cancer diagnostics ; disease monitoring ; large EVs ; ovarian cancer cells ; ES-2 ; OAW-42 ; adipose tissue origin mesenchymal stem cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Lipids are best known as energy storing molecules and core-components of cellular membranes, but can also act as mediators of cellular signaling. This is most prominently illustrated by the paramount importance of the phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways in many cells, including T cells and cancer cells. Both of these enzymes use the lipid phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PIP2) as their substrate. PLCs produce the lipid product diacylglycerol (DAG) and soluble inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate (IP3). DAG acts as a membrane tether for protein kinase C and RasGRP proteins. IP3 is released into the cytosol and controls calcium release from internal stores. The PI3K lipid product phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate (PIP3) controls signaling by binding and recruiting effector proteins such as Akt and Itk to cellular membranes. Recent research has unveiled important signaling roles for many additional phosphoinositides and other lipids. The articles in this volume highlight how multiple different lipids govern T cell development and function through diverse mechanisms and effectors. In T cells, lipids can orchestrate signaling by organizing membrane topology in rafts or microdomains, direct protein function through covalent lipid-modification or non-covalent lipid binding, act as intracellular or extracellular messenger molecules, or govern T cell function at the level of metabolic regulation. The cellular activity of certain lipid messengers is moreover controlled by soluble counterparts, exemplified by symmetric PIP3/inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP4) signaling in developing T cells. Not surprisingly, lipid producing and metabolizing enzymes have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets for immune disorders, leukemias and lymphomas.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; eicosanoid ; Inositol ; diacylglyerol ; PI3K ; Vitamin D ; T cell ; SHIP ; Pten ; Adipokine ; Lipid ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. In general, radiopharmaceuticals are either salts of radionuclides or radionuclides bound to biologically active molecules, drugs, or cells. Tremendous progress has been made in discovering, developing, and commercializing numerous radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancer. Significant research is ongoing in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop more novel radiolabeled compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for unmet needs. This Special Issue aims to focus on all aspects of the design, characterization, evaluation, and development of novel radiolabeled compounds for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the application of new radiochemistry and methodologies for the development of novel radiolabeled compounds. Outstanding contributions presented in this Special Issue will significantly add to the field of radiopharmaceuticals.
    Keywords: positron emission tomography (PET) ; pyrazoles ; fluorine-18 ; radionuclides ; PET probes ; imaging pharmaceuticals ; hypopharyngeal cancer ; 188Re-liposome ; repeated therapy ; NGS ; microRNA ; aprepitant ; radiopharmaceuticals ; neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist ; radionuclide chelators ; kidney uptake ; cleavable linkers ; neutral endopeptidase (NEP) ; renal brush border enzymes ; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ; cancer imaging and therapy ; somatostatin analogs ; radiolabeling ; radionuclide therapy ; imaging ; adrenergic receptor ; positron emission tomography ; radiotracer ; cholecystokinin-2 receptor ; minigastrin ; molecular imaging ; targeted radiotherapy ; lutetium-177 ; EpCAM ; radionuclide ; SPECT ; iodine ; PIB ; breast ; cancer ; PET ; target-specific biomolecules ; immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals ; production processes ; 124I-labeled monoclonal antibodies ; radiotracers ; AAZTA ; scandium-44 ; FAP ; SA ; DPP ; PREP ; radioiodine labeling ; radioiodination ; biomolecules ; peptides ; proteins ; monoclonal antibodies ; 123,124,125,131I-labeled molecules and biomolecules ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 79
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    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Unprecedented initiative in the world, the book compiles the available knowledge on the subject and presents the state-of-the-art in paleoparasitology – term coined about 30 years ago by Brazilian Fiocruz researcher Luiz Fernando Ferreira, pioneer in this science which is concerned with the study of parasites in the past. Multidisciplinary by essence, paleoparasitology gathers contributions from social scientists, biologists, historians, archaeologists, pharmacists, doctors and many other professionals, either in biomedical or humanities fields. With varied applications such as in evolutionary or migration studies, their results often depend on the association between laboratory findings and cultural remains. The book is divided into four parts - Parasites, Hosts, and Human Environment; Parasites Remains Preserved in Various Materials and Techniques in Microscopy and Molecular Diagnostics; Parasite Findings in Archeological Remains: a paleographic view; and Special Studies and Perspectives. Signed by authors from various countries such as Argentina, USA, Germany and France, the book has chapters devoted to the discoveries of paleoparasitology on all continents.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; MEDICAL ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Comment expliquer le paradoxe fondamental de la matière vivante, qui allie stabilité et robustesse des formes à une dynamique interne constante ? Ce n’est pas seulement l’information génétique contenue dans les cellules, mais aussi les processus biochimiques et moléculaires observables in vivo qui sont à l’œuvre dans la morphogenèse. S’y ajoute la contribution essentielle des forces mécaniques qui, de la molécule au tissu, modèlent l’organisme. La dynamique du vivant émerge ainsi du contrôle biologique et des contraintes physiques à toutes les échelles. Son étude réunit aujourd’hui une communauté interdisciplinaire en pleine expansion qui observe, analyse et modélise le vivant.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; plasticité tissulaire ; morphogenèse ; biologie ; sciences du vivant ; architecture tissulaire ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: A collection of 18 scientific papers written in honor of Professor Karlheinz Schwarz's 80th birthday. The main topics include spectroscopy, excited states, DFT developments, results analysis, solid states, and surfaces.
    Keywords: density functional theory ; Coulomb systems ; excited states ; nodal variational principle ; DFT ; anatase TiO2(101) surface ; adsorption energy ; Bader charge ; helium atom ; screened Coulomb potential ; variational Monte Carlo method ; Lagrange mesh method ; comparison theorem ; TD-DFT ; MC-PDFT ; Lie–Clementi ; Colle–Salvetti ; OLEDs ; subphthalocyanines ; UV–visible spectra ; axial substituents ; peripheral substituents ; time-dependent DFT ; hexatetra-carbon ; electrical properties ; molecular aggregates ; singlet excitons ; triplet excitons ; TDDFT ; charge-transfer states ; charge-resonance states ; Frenkel states ; localized excitations ; diabatic states ; adiabatic states ; semiconductors ; oscillator strength ; hybrid exchange-correlation functional ; non-local potential ; statistics ; methods comparison ; benchmarking ; band gaps ; atomization energy ; DFT codes ; electronic structure calculation ; numerical accuracy and precision ; kinetic functional ; Yukawa potential ; periodic DFTB ; deMonNano ; graphene ; graphite ; benzene dimers ; deposited benzene ; supported clusters ; weighted mulliken charges ; LAPW method ; APW+lo method ; all-electron DFT ; density matrix functional embedding ; density-functional theory ; householder transformation ; He atomic basis sets ; helium dimer ; He2 potential well ; correlation energy ; complete basis set ; sigma basis set ; atomic multiplet theory ; crystal/ligand-field theory ; coordination compounds ; electronic structure ; Cu2OCl2 ; Cu2OBr2 ; Cu2OI2 ; oxyhalides ; magnetic couplings ; Néel temperature ; chemical pressure ; NMR ; machine learning ; zeolites ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Les singes s'épouillent, les araignées tissent, les lionnes chassent, les oiseaux chantent et les castors bâtissent. Les activités des animaux ont toujours beaucoup intéressé les biologistes et les psychologues. Mais l'étude des interactions de l'animal avec son milieu ne peut pas s'arrêter là : il faut aussi prendre en compte la perception que cet animal se fait des situations rencontrées ainsi que les émotions qu'il éprouve à leur sujet. Force est de constater que l'étude des comportements a souvent été privilégiée, au détriment d'aspects fonctionnels, qui sont, certes, plus difficiles à objectiver. L'étude de ces questions est essentielle pour mieux comprendre l'animal. Cet ouvrage, très fourni en exemples, très détaillé et très précis, nous offre la possibilité de faire le point sur le champ de l'éthologie cognitive, mais aussi et surtout sur son étendue et sur ses influences.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; cognition ; éthologie ; psychologie ; comportement ; animaux ; moeurs ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This Special Issue collects original research articles discussing cutting-edge work as well as perspectives on future directions in the whole range of theoretical and practical aspects in these research areas: i) Theory of fuzzy systems and soft computing; ii) Learning procedures; iii) Decision-making applications employing fuzzy logic and soft computing.
    Keywords: fuzzy partition ; fuzzy transform ; new iterative method ; Cauchy problems ; ANFIS ; basmati rice ; image processing ; grading ; quality assessment ; fuzzy inference system ; causality ; statistics ; concept-mapping ; causal graph ; numerical methods ; systems of ordinary differential equations ; NIM ; fuzzy logics ; linear motion blur ; fuzzy deblurring ; electron beam calibration ; signal and image processing ; propagation modeling ; adaptive-network-based fuzzy system ; LoRa &amp ; LoRaWAN ; radio wave propagation ; artificial neural networks ; subtracting clustering ; dual double fuzzy semi-metric ; double fuzzy semi-metric ; fuzzy semi-metric space ; triangle inequality ; triangular norm ; eye gaze tracking ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic ; vision system ; mobile robots ; intelligent control ; ordered fuzzy number ; fuzzy relation ; preorder ; strict order ; equivalence relation ; variable neighborhood search ; experimental comparison ; statistical analysis ; traveling salesman problem ; soft computing ; modeling ; vector optimization ; methods of solution of vector problems ; optimal decision-making ; numerical realization of decision-making ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This reprint is related to the latest research in the field of thyroid surgery, including molecular and imaging diagnosis, surgical treatment, and the treatment of recurrent disease and advanced thyroid carcinoma.
    Keywords: thyroid carcinoma ; prophylactic central lymph node dissection ; lymph node metastases ; RET ; medullary thyroid carcinoma ; clinical management ; variants of uncertain significance ; differentiated thyroid cancer ; papillary thyroid cancer ; minimal extrathyroidal extension ; radioactive iodine therapy ; prognosis ; TNM ; histology ; multifocality ; lymph node metastasis ; vascular invasion ; autoimmune thyroid diseases ; radioiodine refractory ; Lenvatinib ; 18F-FDG-PET/CT ; cost-benefit analysis ; economics ; medical ; thyroid neoplasms ; radiomics ; ultrasound ; magnetic resonance imaging ; computer tomography ; prediction ; classification ; angiogenic microenvironment ; prognostic factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; therapeutic target ; tumor microenvironment ; tumor behavior ; proliferation pathways ; cell cycle control pathways ; angiogenesis process ; thyroid cancer ; Gal-3 expression ; NIFTP ; EFVPTC ; lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) ; immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis ; molecular imaging ; theranostics ; companion diagnostics ; immunoPET ; anaplastic thyroid cancer ; poorly thyroid cancer ; genetic landscape ; genetically guided therapy ; fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) ; positron emission tomography (PET) ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; recurrence ; neoplasm metastasis ; thyroid surgery ; hypoparathyroidism ; fluorescence-guided surgery ; near-infrared autofluorescence ; PRKAR1A ; PKA ; Carney complex ; cAMP ; bone metastasis ; metastasectomy ; stereotactic radiosurgery ; ultrasound imaging ; thyroid nodule ; fine-needle aspiration ; papillary thyroid carcinoma ; lobectomy ; operative extent ; CONUT score ; tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Ice crystals are the most ubiquitous material found in the cryosphere environment of the Earth, in the planetary system, and also in our daily lives. In recent years, ice crystals have increased in importance as one of the key materials for finding solutions to settle various environmental concerns at a global scale. Furthermore, ice crystals are unique materials which are potentially extremely useful in various applications, for example, within the food sciences, medical sciences, and other fields. In dealing with these interesting subjects, research on ice crystals has been more actively pursued in recent years. The Special Issue “Ice Crystals” presents a wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. It can be considered as a status report reviewing the recent research on ice crystals and serves to provide readers with information on the latest developments concerning ice crystals.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; coarsening kinetics ; antifreeze protein ; microstructure ; ice crystals ; decomposition ; formation ; cryo-photo microscopy ; cryoprotective agent ; ice cream ; reformation ; tomography ; deformation ; clathrate hydrate ; Negative thermal expansivity ; tetrahydrofuran ; ice crystal ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; Grüneisen parameter ; modelling ; ab initio calculation ; freezing ; nanoscale pores ; quasi-liquid layer ; electron paramagnetic resonance ; potential of mean force ; gas hydrate ; spin labeling ; pre-decomposition pressure ; mW model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Thanks to their rich chemodiversity, marine natural products represent a unique source of new bioactive metabolites. As the new leading compounds in drug discovery and development, these molecules may represent challenges for the treatment of a number of human diseases, attracting the attention of many researchers during their chemical and biological studies. This Special Issue covers all fields of drugs research in which marine natural products are involved, including their isolation and characterization, biological activities, and medicinal applications as well as synthetic approaches and their related analogues. The cover picture shows “The Nudibranch mollusk Godiva quadricolor on a sponge, reflected under the surface during the low tide. Fusaro Lagoon, Bacoli (Naples)”.
    Keywords: alginate ; Sargassum duplicatum ; okra ; antioxidant ; diabetic ; wound healing ; sulfavant ; sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols ; sulfoglycolipids ; mass spectrometry ; UHPLC-MS ; lipids ; cancer therapy ; gold nanoparticles ; marine products ; natural products ; photosensitizer ; purpurin 18 ; reactive oxygen species ; seaweed ; biosilica ; diatom frustule ; sustainable production ; drug delivery ; Sargassum ilicifolium ; mangosteen rind ; diabetic mice ; Aquimarina sp. ; diketopiperazine ; N-phenethylacetamide ; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ; A549 cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe chronic health condition that is often misunderstood or ignored by health establishments. The lack of definitive diagnostic markers to separate ME/CFS patients from the healthy population as well as from other chronic disorders is problematic for both health professionals and researchers. A consortium of Australian researchers gathered to systematically understand ME/CFS, ranging from a deep analysis of clinical and pathology data to metabolomic profiles and the investigation of mitochondrial function. From this broad collaboration, a number of compelling insights have arisen that may form the basis of specific serum, blood, and/or urinary biomarkers of ME/CFS. This Special Edition reports on a conference centred on these biomedical discoveries, with other contributions, with a translation focus for predictive markers for ME/CFS diagnosis. By supporting health professionals with developments in diagnostics for this condition, the patients and their families will hopefully benefit from an improved recognition of the biomedical underpinnings of the condition and will be better able to access the care that is urgently required. This Special Edition contains a mix of speaker submissions and other accepted manuscripts that contributed to our objective of advancing biomedical insights to enable the accurate diagnosis of ME/CFS.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; fatigue syndrome ; n/a ; work rehabilitation ; tryptophan metabolism ; substrate inhibition ; myalgic encephalomyelitis ; 3-dioxygenase ; ME (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) ; assessment ; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) ; muscles ; hypoacetylation ; circadian rhythm ; immune system ; chronic ; CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) ; energy metabolism ; ME/CFS ; immunological ; cytokine ; bistability ; diagnosis ; biomarker ; symptoms ; kynurenine pathway ; inflammation and immunity ; metabolism ; neuro-inflammation ; pathology ; signaling ; exercise ; Epstein Barr virus ; methylhistidine ; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis ; potential biomarkers ; critical point ; inflammation ; histone deacetylation ; participatory research ; neurology ; neuroimmune ; activin ; mitochondria ; patient-driven questionnaire ; medical retirement ; machine learning ; prognosis ; gut microbiota ; post-exertional malaise ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; mathematical model ; reference intervals ; diagnostic biomarker ; indoleamine-2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, and their outcome leads to an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype to a given later environmental context. This Research Topic focused on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and stress-related phenotypes, and on how HPA-axis programming by the environment precisely occurs. We included original research, mini-review and review papers on a broad range of topics related to HPA-axis programming.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC648-665 ; RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; HPA axis ; Vulnerability ; resilience ; early life stress ; materna ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Alliance Athena | Alliance Athena
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: L’énergie constitue un enjeu vital pour l’avenir de nos sociétés, et il devient urgent, à présent, d’encourager le développement de recherches interdisciplinaires sur les choix qui s’offrent aux sociétés en matière d’énergie et de réponse à l’enjeu climatique. Cet ouvrage aborde la technologie comme un ensemble socio-technique aux frontières mouvantes qui, pour être stabilisé, appelle des régulations de divers ordres, parfois contradictoires, souvent controversées. Cette approche holistique autorise la composition d’un premier agenda pluridisciplinaire, organisé et partagé, en sciences humaines et sociales. Visions du futur et scénarios / gouvernance des politique de l’énergie / marché, régulations et modes de consommation / territoires et recompositions sociales : l’agenda de recherche qui émerge de ces quatre thèmes appelle à instaurer des relations renouvelées entre communautés scientifiques sur les enjeux énergétiques.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; enjeu climatique ; ressource énergétique ; politique énergétique ; sciences humaines ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, which took place in June 2021. The objective of the 2021 Conference was to bring together perspectives and challenges in doctoral research in a common forum and to provide a platform enabling doctoral researchers to meet and share state-of-the-art developments in their fields. It consists of 16 papers presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, in several fields such as: mechanical and industrial engineering, food science and biotechnology, electrical/electronic engineering, systems engineering and information technologies, chemistry, electrochemistry, and economic models and strategies.
    Keywords: incremental pumps ; profiling of generating tools ; helical surfaces ; Romania ; coastal area ; wind energy ; measurements ; IEC classes ; wind turbines ; mass tourism ; management model ; Constanta ; PESTEL ; Black Sea ; sustainability ; eggplant peels ; bioactive compounds ; hydrogels ; anthocyanins ; beetroot peel ; betalains ; polyphenols ; CCD-RSM ; optimal control ; metaheuristic algorithms ; evolutionary algorithms ; simulation ; ventilation on ships ; HVAC requirements ; COVID-19 ; spread the disease ; airborne transmission ; HEPA filtration ; UV disinfection ; heat recovery ; L-tryptophan ; polypyrrole ; sensor ; amino acid ; cyclic voltammetry ; chronoamperometry ; atorvastatin ; carbon nanotubes ; gold nanoparticles ; Hippophae rhamnoides L. ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; antioxidant activity ; microencapsulation ; modulation ; electromagnetic disturbances ; electromagnetic compatibility ; military ship ; communication systems ; navigation conditions ; Danube River ; management tool ; quality function deployment ; house of quality ; enwrapping surfaces ; profiling ; geometrical methods ; tower ; wind turbine ; load ; offshore wind ; marine renewable energy ; living labs ; design thinking ; coastal zone ; integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) ; Romanian coastal zone ; Black Sea basin ; wind parameters ; historical data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: This reprint emphasizes the perspectives and challenges surrounding COVID-19 and obesity-related cancers, including but not limited to the risk factors of severe COVID-19 in cancer patients; the complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients; the challenges in cancer treatment and surgery; guidelines for cancer care during COVID-19; delayed diagnosis and suboptimal cancer management; the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, early diagnosis and cancer presentation; immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in cancer patients; psychological distress among cancer survivors; telehealth in cancer care; the role of diet and nutraceuticals in the prevention of severe COVID-19 and cancer; and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer research.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; neutropenia ; G-CSF treatment ; respiratory failure ; colorectal neoplasms ; gastrointestinal neoplasms ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; neoplasms ; oncogenic viruses ; oncolytic virotherapy ; post-acute COVID-19 syndrome ; reactive oxygen species ; tumor escape ; SARS-CoV-2 ; thyroid cancer ; differentiated thyroid cancer ; COVID-19 severity ; inflammation ; immunity ; oxidative stress ; obesity ; SARS-Cov-2 ; oncology ; cancer screening ; clinical trials ; melanoma ; management ; pandemic ; teledermatology ; diagnostic delay ; immunotherapy ; vaccination ; lymph adenopathy ; cancer ; nutraceuticals ; supplements ; colorectal ; meta-analysis ; gynecologic oncology ; malignancy ; blood cancer ; hematologic malignancy ; leukemia ; lymphoma ; multiple myeloma ; myelodysplasia ; breast cancer ; cancer care ; screening ; surgery ; psychological distress ; cancer therapies ; immunogenicity ; safety ; vaccine hesitancy ; tumor subtype ; mortality ; intensive care unit ; medico-administrative data ; France ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The recognition of the exceptional chemical and biological properties of vanadium compounds has led, in recent decades, to extensive research exploring their chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Due to the prospective application of vanadium compounds as therapeutic agents against diseases such as diabetes, cancer and those provoked by parasites and bacteria, vanadium coordination chemistry and biochemistry has been an area of extensive research. Currently, the most promising potential uses of vanadium compounds are as nutritional supplements and as anticancer agents potentiated by immunotherapy. Nevertheless, researchers from all over the world are dedicating their efforts to vanadium research related to other potential therapeutic applications of vanadium compounds and to obtain insights into their beneficial effects on health and their modes of action. This Special Issue collected research contributions focused on recent advances in vanadium chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. I expect that this collection will have a great impact on the future direction of vanadium research.
    Keywords: polyoxometalates ; decavanadate ; cytotoxicity ; insulin-like activity ; diabetes therapy ; vanadium biochemistry ; vanadium speciation ; vanadium ; proteins ; DNA ; fluorescence ; binding constants ; mechanism of action ; oxidovanadium(V) ; vanadium Schiff base coordination complex ; low acute toxicity ; Oxidovanadium(V) ; Schiff base ; X-ray crystallography ; DNA interaction ; 2-aminopyrimidinium ; experimental and theoretical characterization ; DFT ; docking RNA/DNA ; vitamin E ; EPR ; tocopherol ; 51V NMR ; urethane ; aerosol delivery ; lung cancer ; apoptosis ; antineoplastic ; oxidovanadium(IV) phenantrholine chrysin ; vanadium cellular uptake ; anticancer ; albumin interaction ; glycosylated flavonoid ; oxidovanadium(IV) complex ; antitumoral ; antioxidant ; cell signaling ; cancer ; anticancer agents ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series. It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of the field of application (economics, finance, marketing, education or other). Applications of higher order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis and the latest advances in applied methodology can all be found in this book.
    Keywords: self-consciousness ; e-commerce ; consumer behavior ; Technology Acceptance Model ; risk tolerance ; financial well-being ; financial literacy ; overconfidence bias ; herding behavior ; social interaction ; investment intention ; stock market participation ; institutional quality ; international competitiveness ; emerging economies ; PLS-SEM ; lean manufacturing ; quality management ; commercial performance ; wastes ; DIRFT ; luxury fashion goods ; status consumption ; status quo ; clothing innovativeness ; clothing involvement ; PLS-PM ; public service logic ; new public management ; innovation ; co-creation ; co-production ; Spain ; cognitive destination image ; cruise ; satisfaction ; loyalty ; behavioral intention ; structural equation modeling ; National Health Services ; health–disease status ; health system performance ; health system sustainability ; health policy ; healthcare quality ; partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) ; structural equation model ; information and communication technology ; ICT integration ; PLS-SEM bootstrapping ; PLS-SEM with time series ; marketing mix modeling ; maximum entropy bootstrapping ; proactivity ; absorptive capacity ; potential absorptive capacity ; realised absorptive capacity ; structural equation modelling ; video tutorials ; blended learning ; online learning ; financial mathematics ; COVID-19 ; autonomy ; effectiveness ; CO2 emissions ; ESDA ; China ; corporate social responsibility ; corporate performance ; human resources management ; customer satisfaction ; partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 94
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: The management of wildlife populations and their habitats are interdisciplinary fields that encompass many scientific disciplines that also impact the lives of people. Therefore, these are truly applied sciences where human dimensions play an important role.This book highlights the importance of conducting rigorous studies to design and implement the effective management and restoration of wild populations and their habitats. A new paradigm in conservation is developing that goes beyond the boundaries of protected areas to achieve the goal of sustainable development. The 16 papers in this book, including reviews and a project report, cover a broad range of topics, exploring a diversity of subjects that are representative of current practices and novel applications.We would like to thank both the MDPI publishers and editorial staff for their support and help during the process of editing this book, in addition to the authors for their contributions.
    Keywords: road safety ; roadkill ; clustering ; growth rate ; traffic intensity ; mitigation measures ; roadkill analysis ; movement patterns ; habitat characterisation ; multiple criteria ; multi-objective ranking ; environmental awareness ; machine learning ; random forest model ; structural equation modelling ; latent class analysis ; visitor mapping ; social–ecological systems ; cultural rural landscape ; protected areas ; rewilding ; rural socioeconomics ; forest expansion ; rural to urban land conversion ; biocultural heritage ; biodiversity ; naturalness ; land-cover change ; habitat quality ; InVEST ; ecosystem-based approach and assessment ; nature-based solution ; decision-making support ; national park management ; wildlife protection ; biodiversity conservation ; policy framework ; policy formulation ; China ; agricultural management ; amphibians ; beta diversity ; community ecology ; metacommunities ; constructed wetlands ; bats ; urban ecology ; long-term monitoring ; acoustics ; city parks ; community dynamics ; conservation evaluation ; at-risk species ; golden-winged warbler ; landowner incentives ; New England cottontail ; Natural Resources Conservation Service ; U.S. Department of Agriculture ; Working Lands for Wildlife ; camera-trapping ; conservation puma ; relative integrated anthropization index ; INRA ; South American grey fox ; habitat adaptability ; habitat model ; habitat selection ; habitat suitability ; use versus availability ; Maxent ; presence points ; GPS radio-collars ; anthropogenic variables ; species distribution models ; Spermophilus citellus ; maximum entropy modeling ; species distribution modeling ; climate change refugia ; urodela ; salamandridae ; caudata ; biosphere reserve ; habitat restoration ; species management ; life project ; activity patterns ; Lepus granatensis ; population decline ; niche ; Oryctolagus cuniculus ; roadside census ; predator–prey relationships ; spatio-temporal behavior ; abundance ; distance sampling ; population density ; R package ; wildlife survey ; uncertainty ; occupancy modeling ; road ecology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes 16 original articles published in a Special Issue that focuses on the pathological significance of amyloid-β in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, the main cause of dementia. Collections in this reprint provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of repositioning drugs and new agents for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
    Keywords: activation phenotypes ; microglia ; neuroinflammation ; immunohistochemistry ; temporal cortex ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid ; amyloid β-protein (Aβ) ; mAb158 ; oligomers ; protofibrils ; amyloid aggregation ; supported lipid bilayers ; time-lapse AFM ; molecular dynamics simulation ; alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid β ; bryostatin-1 ; ECE1 ; iPS ; nELAV ; neurotoxicity ; oligomer ; protein kinase C ; α-secretase ; APP mutation ; recessive inheritance ; familial Alzheimer’s disease ; Aβ oligomers ; amyloid imaging ; microbiota ; bacterial amyloid ; FUBA ; curli ; CsgA ; amyloid beta ; oxidative stress ; supplement ; phosphodiesterase III inhibitor ; cerebral micro-hemorrhage(s) ; cerebral amyloid angiopathy ; amyloid-β protein ; transgenic mice ; NMR ; CD ; Aβ ; β-amyloid peptide ; α/β-discordant ; Dutch-type mutation ; E22Q ; FAD ; Amyloid β ; Polyphenol ; Pro-oxidant ; Alzheimer’s Disease ; molecular imaging ; amyloid β-peptides ; islet amyloid polypeptide ; high-speed atomic force microscopy ; amyloid PET ; tau PET ; amyloid precursor protein ; mutation ; cerebellum ; PBB3 ; PiB ; axon ; traditional medicines ; Polygalae Radix ; diosgenin ; naringenin ; kihito ; amyloid-β ; antimicrobial ; antiviral ; antimicrobial peptide ; neurodegenerative disease ; misfolding ; fluorescence microscopy ; FRET ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Copper-based catalysts possess important applications in diverse reactions and have received considerable attention from material and catalysis researchers. A great challenge in this field is the facile synthesis of copper-based catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability. This Special Issue of Catalysts, entitled “Synthesis and Applications of Copper-based Catalysts”, presents state-of-the-art synthetic strategies for copper-based catalysts, as well as information on their structure and catalytic use in heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, which is helpful for developing novel high-efficiency Cu-based catalysts and synthetic methodology, and for exploring their new catalytic applications.
    Keywords: metal-organic frameworks ; Cu2O ; styrene oxidation ; H2O2 ; base free ; low-temperature ; CO-SCR ; Cu-Mn oxide spinels ; Cu/Cu3P nanoarrays ; Cu nano-substrates ; electrocatalyst ; HER ; ceria ; hydride ; CO2 hydrogenation ; single Cu doping ; density functional theory ; Cu-based catalysts ; CO + NO ; catalytic performances ; O2 resistance ; H2O and SO2 resistance ; adsorption ; dissociation ; density-functional theory calculations ; Cu-skin Cu3Au(111) surface ; CO catalytic oxidation ; CO preferential oxidation ; template ; CTAB ; mixed oxides ; copper oxides ; tin oxides ; BCN/graphene composite ; CVD ; anti-corrosion ; organocopper reagents ; Cu catalysts ; 1,4-conjugate addition ; sulfur heterocycles ; thiochromone ; thioflavanones ; 2-alkylthiochroman-4-ones ; copper ; catalysis ; amination ; amines ; polyamines ; aryl halides ; adamantane ; nanoparticles ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The extraction and exploration of cellulose-based polymers is an exciting area of research. For many years, wood (especially from bleached kraft wood pulp) was considered the main source of cellulosic compounds because of its abundance in nature. However, in the past decade, researchers have been devoted to finding alternatives to extract cellulose from byproducts of agricultural crops and/or textile wastes, which are both highly available at a very reduced raw material cost. This book brings together original research that details the recent progresses and new developments in this field, and how this research is contributing to a circular economy.
    Keywords: citrus sinensis ; nano-fibrillated cellulose ; silver nanoparticles ; acid hydrolysis ; heavy metal sorption ; anaerobic digestion ; biofuel ; biomass ; cotton-based waste ; closed-loop ; lignocellulose ; textile waste ; cellulose nanofibre ; green materials ; biopolymers ; environmental ; recycled newspaper ; composite laminates ; water resistance ; high strength ; cotton wastes ; textile ; nanomaterials ; cellulose nanocrystal ; extraction methods ; environmental application ; regenerated cellulose fiber ; Au NP ; controllably assembled ; SERS ; dimetridazole ; cellulose hydrogel ; thermo-responsive ; sustained release ; silver sulfadiazine ; burn wound ; polymer ; carpet fiber ; direct analysis in real time ; time of flight ; mass spectrometry ; function switching ; oleamide ; cellulose nanofibers isolation ; carpet wastes ; supercritical carbon dioxide ; enhanced properties ; recovery of cellulose ; textile fibers ; eco-efficiency ; circular economy ; textile industry ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years, and leads to remarkably high YLD (years lived with disability) rates. Even more importantly, people with schistosomiasis are highly susceptible to malaria, tuberculosis and hepatic and acquired immunodeficiency viruses. There is only one drug, praziquantel, currently available for treatment and it has high efficacy, low cost, and limited side effects. However, only 13% of the target population has received the drug, and those treated are at continuous risk of reinfection necessitating repeated drug administration and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is a constant threat. There currently is no vaccine. While the target of 〉40% protection has been achieved with some molecules such as excretory-secretory proteins including calpain, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases, very recent articles reiterate the findings published during the last 2 decades of the last century, contradicting the established data of the pioneers of schistosome biology. A consensus should be reached without delay, in order to propose collaborative independent experiments and proceed ahead to pre- and clinical trials with efficacious candidate vaccine molecules. The proposed plan aims to finally reach an objective and fruitful agreement , via inviting established and young researchers from the United States, Brazil, China, Australia, and Europe who are working with different vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and approaches for immunization against S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. It is hoped that the forum will end with a very few candidate antigens and a consensus approach regarding target immune responses, thus leading to encouraging the World Health Organization and other international foundations to sponsor the development and implementation of the urgently required, yet still elusive, vaccine for preventing and eliminating the transmission of schistosomiasis.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Schistosomiasis ; Schistosoma mansoni ; Schistosoma haematobium ; Type 2 cytokines ; Vaccine ; Immune responses ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Vaccine candidates ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue, “Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology, and Mitigation”, published 11 original research works and 1 review article that discussed the various aspects of ROS Biology, metabolism, and the physiological mechanisms and approaches to mitigating oxidative stress. These types of research studies show further directions for the development of crop plants that are tolerant to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.
    Keywords: heat stress ; grafting ; cucumber ; bitter-melon rootstock ; polyamines ; photosynthesis ; salicylic acid ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; excess boron ; lipid peroxidation ; enzymatic antioxidant ; glutathione ; proline ; stomatal conductance ; arsenic stress ; soybean ; growth ; antioxidant enzymes ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; glyoxalase system ; altitudinal variation ; antioxidant activity ; bioactive compounds ; endemic species ; oxidative damage ; sequential application of antioxidants ; salinity ; Cucumis sativus ; photosynthetic efficiency ; antioxidant defense systems ; antioxidants ; cadmium ; oxidative stress ; peptone ; spinach ; alpha-tocopherol ; foliar spray ; okra varieties ; salt ; drought ; plants ; ROS ; genomics ; approaches ; integration ; abiotic stress ; antioxidant defense ; phytohormones ; pulse crop ; water deficit ; AsA-GSH pathway ; methylglyoxal ; micronutrient ; osmoregulation ; reactive oxygen species ; trace elements ; Olea europaea L. ; selenium biofortification ; olive pollen ; cytosolic Ca2+ ; Cucurbita pepo (L.) ; mineral uptake ; nucleic acids ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: 1793. En pleine Terreur, la Convention nationale crée le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Le décret du 10 juin confie, à ce qui fut le Jardin du roi, la tâche d’enseigner les sciences naturelles au peuple. Le présent ouvrage retrace les grandes étapes du développement du Muséum en tant qu’Institution, en tant qu’organisme de recherches et en tant que modèle pour l’Europe et le monde. Sur un siècle d’histoire, défilent les difficultés de sa construction administrative dans un contexte politique mouvementé, l’organisation et le développement du travail scientifique de ses savants, la participation de l’établissement aux grandes missions de découvertes comme aux débats scientifiques qui agitent le monde de cette époque. Un siècle, trois générations c’est beaucoup et c’est peu, de la période cruciale de sa fondation, à l’« âge d’or » jusqu’en 1850, jusqu’à la période incertaine précédant la 1ère Guerre mondiale. Ce livre, qui se présente sous forme de contributions d’éminents spécialistes d’histoire des sciences, aborde dans une langue claire et accessible l’histoire des idées et l’histoire d’une institution prestigieuse. À cet égard, son public est aussi vaste que celui qui fréquente le Muséum : chercheurs du monde entier, connaisseurs du patrimoine, amoureux du Jardin des Plantes.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; muséologie ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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