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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI A4-84-0769
    In: World survey of climatology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 442 S.
    Series Statement: World survey of climatology 14
    Uniform Title: Climates of the polar regions
    Language: Russian
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  • 2
    Call number: SR 90.0068(2) ; ZSP-320(E,2)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 143 S.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe E 2
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hannover : Schweizerbart
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0068(1) ; ZSP-320(E,1)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 144 S. + 1 Kt.-Beil., 3 Beil.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe E 1
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Call number: SR 90.0068(3) ; ZSP-320(E,3)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 59 S.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe E 3
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Call number: 7615 ; AWI S1-97-0042
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 471 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2., verb. Aufl.
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  • 6
    Call number: Q 2435/21 ; ZSP-319/C-21 ; MOP Per 581(3/21)
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 21
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 64 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 21
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT Die Erdkruste der Ukraine und einige Gesetzmäßigkelten ihres Baus / SOLLOGUB, V. B. Experimentelle Ergebnisse der seismischen Tiefensondierungen auf dem Profil V in Polen / UCHMANN, J. Auswerteverfahren und erste Interpretationsergebnisse auf dem NW-Teil des Profils VI / KNOTHE, Ch. Information über Ergebnisse der seismischen Tiefensondierungen in der ČSSR in den Jahren 1968 und 1969 / BERANEK, B. Erforschung der Erdkruste in Ungarn / MITUCH, E., STEGENA, L., POSGAY, K., TÁRCZY-HORNOCH, A. Stand und einige Resultate der Erdkrustenuntersuchungen in der VR Bulgarien mit Hilfe von STS / DAČEV, Ch., PETKOV, I., VELČEV, C. Geschwindigkeitsmodell der Erdkruste und Methoden zu ihrer Erforschung / PAVLENKOVA, N. I. Über die dynamischen Eigenschaften der seismischen Wellen in Modellen der Erdkruste mit Schichten erniedrigter und erhöhter Geschwindigkeiten / GUTERCH, A.
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
    Associated volumes
    Call number: Q 2435/23 ; ZSP-319/C-23 ; MOP Per 581(3/23)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 23
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT 1. Allgemeiner Teil 1.1. Anreise nach Wostok 1.2. Die Station Wostok 1.2.1. Lage und Beschreibung der Station 1.2.2. Meteorologische Verhältnisse 1.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten an der Station Wostok 1.3.1. Personalbestand und Aufgaben 1.3.2. Untersuchungen solarterrestrischer Beziehungen 1.3.3. Meteorologische und aerologische Untersuchungen 1.3.4. Astronomisch-geodätisch-geophysikalische Untersuchungen 1.3.5. Medizinische Forschungsarbeiten 1.4. Stationsleben während der Überwinterung 1.4.1. Allgemeiner Ablauf der Überwinterung 1.4.2. Unterkunft und Arbeitsplatz 1.4.3. Ernährung 1.4.4. Medizinische Betreuung und Gesundheitsschutz 1.4.5. Hygiene und Arbeitsschutz 1.4.6. Arbeitseinsätze 1.4.7. Freizeit 1.4.8. Verbindung nach Mirny und der DDR 1.5. Die Ausrüstung 1.6. Rückreise 2. Fachlicher Teil 2.1. Problemstellung 2.2. Vorbereitung der Expedition 2.3. Vorbereitende Arbeiten an der Station Wostok 2.3.1. Anlegung der Meßräume 2.3.2. Einrichtung der Meßräume 2.3.3. Beheizung der Meßhütte 2.3.4. Vorbereitung und Aufstellung der Meßinstrumente 2.4. Die Gezeitenmessungen 2,4.1. Messungen der Schweregezeiten 2.4.2. Messungen der Lotschwankungen 2.4.3. Zur Frage von Wiederholungsmessungen 2.5. Schwereanschlußmessungen Mirny - Wostok 2.5.1. Aufgabenstellung 2.5.2. Ausführung der Verbindungsmessungen 3. Literatur
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  • 8
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
    Associated volumes
    Call number: Q 2435/17 ; ZSP-319/C-17 ; MOP Per 581(3/17)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 17
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 17
    Language: German
    Note: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Symbole Vorwort 1. Die vertikale Lichtstrahlkrümmung in 300 bis 1200 m Höhe über Spitzbergen nach aerologischen Aufstiegen 1.1. Die aerologischen Aufstiege 1.2. Die Temperaturverhältnisse über Spitzbergen und die Typen der Refraktionsschichtung 1.3. Berechnung lokaler Refraktionskoeffizienten aus Temperaturmessungen in der freien Atmosphäre 1.4. Refraktionsschwankung und trigonometrische Höhenmessung 1.5. Bemerkungen zur Breitenabhängigkeit der Lichtstrahlkrümmung 2. Die vertikale Lichtstrahlkrümmung über einer ebenen, temperierten Firn- oder Eisfläche 2.1. Einige geophysikalische Gesichtspunkte zur Erforschung der eisnahen Refraktion 2.2. Temperatur und Feuchte in der eisnahen Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 2.3. Berechnung lokaler Refraktionskoeffizienten für die eisnahe Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 2.4. Refraktionsschichtung im Gletscherwind 3. Bemerkungen zur Bahnkrümmung elektromagnetischer Wellen über einer ebenen, temperierten Firn- oder Eisfläche 3.1. Berechnung der lokalen Bahnkrümmung von Mikrowellen für die eisnahe Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 3.2. Verdunstung und Duct 4. Grundzüge der Refraktion in hohen Breiten (Zusammenfassung)
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
    Associated volumes
    Call number: Q 2435/34 ; ZSP-319/C-34 ; MOP Per 581(3/34)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, 34
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 18 Seiten
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 34
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT 1. Allgemeines 1.1. Vorbemerkungen 1.2. Station Wostok 1.2.1. Beschreibung der Station 1.2.2. Allgemeine Arbeiten 1.2.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten 1.3. Südpolarobservatorium Mirny 1.3.1. Beschreibung der Station 1.3.2. Allgemeine Arbeiten 1.3.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten 2. Astronomisch-geodätische Arbeiten 2.1. Aufgabenstellung 2.2. Vorbereitung der Arbeiten 2.3. Arbeiten in der Station Wostok 2.3.1. Organisation des Arbeitsablaufs 2.3.2. Zeitvergleiche, Zeitbewahrung 2.3.3. Bestimmung der geographischen Breite 2.3.4. Bestimmung der geographischen Länge 2.3.5. Ergänzungsbeobachtungen 2.3.6. Ergebnisse 2.4. Arbeiten im Observatorium Mirny 2.4.1. Vorbereitung der Beobachtungen 2.4.2. Durchführung der Breitenbestimmungen 2.4.3. Ergebnisse
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  • 10
    Call number: M 170 ; AWI G9-76-0569
    In: International Union of Geological Sciences, B1
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 875 Seiten , Illustrationen , 29 cm
    ISBN: 8200022536
    Series Statement: International Union of Geological Sciences : B 1
    Language: English
    Note: Contents I. The Scotia Arc and Antarctic Peninsula Review of marine geophysical investigations in the Scotia Sea (Review) / D. H. Griffiths and P. F. Barker Linear magnetic anomalies in southern Drake Passage / R. M. Demenitskaya, A. M. Karasik and N. N. Trubyatchinskiy Magnetic lineations in the Scotia Sea / P. F. Barker Crustal structure of the South Orkney Islands area from seismic refraction and magnetic measurements / P. K. Harrington, P. F. Barker and D. H. Griffiths Geophysical investigation of a section of the south Scotia Ridge / D. G. Watters Marine gravity measurements in Bransfield Strait and adjacent areas / F. J. Davey Large-scale folding in the Scotia arc / I. W. D. Dalziel Recent volcanism and magmatic variation in the Scotia arc / P. E. Baker Examination of the Eltanin dredged rocks from high latitudes of the South Pacific Ocean / N. D. Watkins and R. Self Ichnites from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands / V. Covacevich and C. Lamperein Sedimentology of submarine deposits from Bahia Chile [Discovery Bay], Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands / E. Valenzuela and J. Varela Geology of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands / E. Valenzuela and F. Herve A Tithonian-Neocomian fauna from Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands (Abstract) / J. Tavera Middle Jurassic flora from north-eastern Snow Island, South Shetland Islands / H. Fuenzalida, R. Araya and F. Herve Geomorphological observations and generalizations on the coasts of the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula / E. F. Silva Periglacial phenomena in the South Shetland Islands / R. Araya and F. Herve Patterned gravel beaches in the South Shetland Islands / R. Araya and F. Herve Attempt at reconstructing the ancient coastal geomorphology and littoral environment in the South Shetland Islands (Abstract) / R. Araya and F. Herve Volcanic activity on Deception Island, South Shetland Islands / O. Orheim Recent advances in the geology of the Antarctic Peninsula (Review) / R. J. Adie Geophysical surveys in the Antarctic Peninsula / R. G. B. Renner K-Ar age determinations on volcanic and associated rocks from the Antarctic Peninsula and Dronning Maud Land / D. C. Rex Evolution of volcanism in the Antarctic Peninsula / R. J. Adie Geology of the Lassiter Coast area, Antarctic Peninsula: preliminary report / P. L. Williams, D. L. Schmidt, C. C. Plummer and L. E. Brown Stratigraphical correlation in south-east Alexander Island / B. J. Taylor Ammonite faunas of southeastern Alexander Island and their stratigraphical significance / M. R. A. Thomson II. Western Antarctica Tectonics of the Antarctandes / G. E. Grikurov Seismic refraction shooting in Ellsworth and Dronning Maud Lands / C. R. Bentley and J. W. Clough Distribution, migration and tectonic control of Upper Cenozoic volcanism in west Antarctica and South America / O. Gonzalez-Ferran Late Cenozoic petrographic provinces of the volcanic rocks from the Andes to Antarctica / Y. Katsui Post-Miocene volcanic petrographic provinces of west Antarctica and their relation to the southern Andes of South America / O. Gonzalez-Ferran and M. Vergara Rb-Sr total-rock and mineral ages from the Marguerite Bay area, Kohler Range and Fosdick Mountains / M. Halpern Rb-Sr isotopic ages of intrusive rocks from Thurston Island and adjacent islands / F. Munizaga Geology of Marie Byrd and Ellsworth Lands / F. A. Wade and J. R. Wilbanks Stratigraphy of eastern Ellsworth Land / T. S. Laudon Glacial geomorphology of the Ellsworth Mountains / R. H. Rutford Drainage systems of the Ellsworth Mountains area (Abstract) / R. H. Rutford Unusual Upper Cambrian fauna from west Antarctica / G. F. Webers Tertiary glaciation in the Jones Mountains / R. H. Rutford, C. Craddock, C. M. White and R. L. Armstrong Outline of the geology of Marie Byrd Land and the Eights Coast / B. G. Lopatin and E. M. Orlenko Volcanic record of Cenozoic glacial history of Marie Byrd Land / W. E. LeMasurier The volcanic ranges of Marie Byrd Land between long. 100° and 140° W / O. Gonzalez-Ferran and F. Gonzalez-Bonorino Geology of the Fosdick Mountains, Marie Byrd Land / J. R. Wilbanks Ill. The Transantarctic Mountains Basement Complex of the McMurdo 'oasis', south Victoria Land / B. G. Lopatin Development of augen-gneiss in the ice-free valley area, south Victoria Land / S. B. Smithson, P. R. Fikkan, D. J. Murphy and R. S. Houston Differentiation source for the mafic and ultramafic rocks ('enstatite-peridotites') and some porphyritic granites of Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land / D. N. B. Skinner Rb-Sr geochronology of the Nimrod Group, central Transantarctic Mountains / J. Gunner and G. Faure Polyphase deformation of the Precambrian Nimrod Group, central Transantarctic Mountains / G. W. Grindley The Beacon Supergroup of east Antarctica (Review) / P. J. Barrett, G. W. Grindley and P. N. Webb Recent advances in the pre-Permian geology of northern Victoria Land / S. Nathan and D. N. B. Skinner Summary of the geology of lower Rennick Glacier, northern Victoria Land / J. A. S. Dow and V. E. Neall Stratigraphy of the Beacon Supergroup between the Olympus and Boomerang Ranges, Victoria Land / B. C. McKelvey, P. N. Webb, M. P. Gorton and B. P. Kohn Stratigraphy and petrology of the Beacon Supergroup, southern Victoria Land / D. B. Matz, P. R. Pinet and M. O. Hayes Pagoda Formation: evidence of Permian glaciation in the central Transantarctic Mountains / D. A. Coates Stratigraphy and petrology of the mainly fluviatile Permian and Triassic part of the Beacon Supergroup, Beardmore Glacier area / P. J. Barrett Permian-Triassic Beacon Supergroup of the Shackleton Glacier area, Queen Maud Range, Transantarctic Mountains / K. E. La Prade Geology of an area near the mouth of Beardmore Glacier, Ross Dependency / R. L. Oliver Stratigraphy of Triassic tetrapod-bearing beds of Antarctica / D. H. Elliot, J. W. Collinson and J. S. Powell Antarctic Triassic tetrapods (Review) / E. H. Colbert The early Mesozoic volcaniclastic Prebble Formation, Beardmore Glacier area / P. J. Barrett and D. H. Elliot Jurassic geology of the Allan-Battlements-Carapace Nunataks area, Victoria Land (Abstract) / B. A. Hall and H. W. Borns Major oxide chemistry of the Kirkpatrick basalt, central Transantarctic Mountains / D. H. Elliot Weddell orogeny-latest Permian to early Mesozoic deformation at the Weddell Sea margin of the Transantarctic Mountains / A. B. Ford Some observations on the glacial geology of the Beardmore Glacier area / J. H. Mercer Interaction of the east Antarctic ice sheet, alpine glaciations and sealevel in the Wright Valley area, southern Victoria Land / P. E. Calkin and C. Bull Weathering and soil formation in the dry valleys of southern Victoria Land: a possible origin for the salts in the soils / G. O. Linkletter IV. Eastern Antarctica Antarctic tectonics (Review) / C. Craddock Tectonics of Antarctica (Review) / G. E. Grikurov, M. G. Ravich and D. S. Soloviev Main features of Antarctic neotectonics / G. A. Znachko-Yavorskiy Dispersion-wave studies in Antarctica (Review) / R. D. Adams Crustal structure of antipodal regions of the Earth: Antarctic and Arctic / R. M. Demenitskaya and V. I. Rosenberg Results of deep seismic sounding of the Earth's crust in east Antarctica / A. L. Kogan Antarctic geochronology (Review) / A. Ya. Krylov Local earthquakes in Victoria Land / R. D. Adams Gravity determinations in Antarctica / N. P. Grushinsky Project of a gravimetric network and gravity survey in Antarctica / N. P. Grushinsky and G. E. Lazarev Regional metamorphism of the Antarctic platform crystalline basement (Review) / M. G. Ravich Enderbites / E. N. Kamenev The charnockite problem / M. G. Ravich Sequence of metamorphism and deformation in the Mawson charnockite of east Antarctica / K. Kizaki Platform magmatic formations of east Antarctica (Review) / D. S. Soloviev The sedimentary and volcanic sequence of Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land / A. Hjelle and T. Winsnes Age an
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  • 11
    Series available for loan
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    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: Q 2435/20 ; ZSP-319/C-20 ; MOP Per 581(3/20)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 20
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 79 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 20
    Language: German
    Note: Zugl.: Habilitation, Technische Universität Dresden, 1969 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 2. Historische Entwicklung des Zirkumzenitals 2.1. Vor- und Anfangsstadien der Almukantaratdurchgangsinstrumente 2.1.1. Das Nadirinstrument von BECK 2.1.2. Das Prismenastrolabium von CLAUDE und DRIENCOURT 2.1.3. Anfangsstadien des Zirkumzenitals von NUŠL und FRIČ 2.2. Das Zirkumzenital Modell 1922 2.2.1. Beschreibung 2.2.2. Das Spiegelsystem 2.2.3. Mikrometer zur Registrierung der Durchgangszeit 2.2.3.1. Vorbemerkung 2.2.3.2. Vorschläge von NUŠL und FRIČ 2.2.3.3. Das Mikrometer von BUCHAR 2.2.3.4. Die Modifikation von BAUERŠIMA und ŠURÁŇ 3. Theorie der Beobachtung von Almukantaratdurchgängen 3.1. Bedeutung der wichtigsten Symbole 3.2. Ableitung der Fehlergleichung 3.3. Auflösung der Normalgleichung 3.4. Das Gewicht einer Beobachtung 3.5. Fehlerberechnung 3.6. Differentialformeln 3.7. Korrektionen und Fehlereinflüsse 3.7.1. Vorbemerkung 3.7.2. Krümmung des Parallelkreises 3.7.3. Krümmung des Almukantarats 3.7.4. Fehlerhafte Justierung 4. Das Dresdner Zirkumzenital 4.1. Das Grundgerät 4.1.1. Allgemeine Beschreibung 4.1.2. Der Spiegelträger 4.1.3. Toleranzen und Eigenschaften der mechanischen Bauteile 4.1.4. Theoretische Forderungen an die Optik und deren Realisierung 4.1.5. Justierung des optischen Systems 4.2. Prinzipielle Überlegungen zur Registrierung der Durchgangszeit 4.2.1. Vorbemerkung 4.2.2. Zeitregistrierung ohne Mikrometer 4.2.3. Mikrometrische Zeitregistrierung 4.3. Zeitregistrierung nach der Lichtblitzmethode 4.3.1. Vorbemerkung 4.3.2. Die Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.2.1. Ingenieurpsychologische Vorüberlegungen 4.3.2.2. Optischer Teil der Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.2.3. Elektrischer Teil der Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.3. Fehlerbetrachtung 4.3.3.1. Systematische Fehler 4.3.3.2. Zufällige Fehler 4.3.4. Technologie der Lichtblitzmethode 4.3.5. Berechnung der Durchgangszeit 4.4. Mikrometrische Zeitregistrierung 4.4.1. Vorbemerkung 4.4.2. Prinzip des Dresdner Mikrometers 4.4.3. Kontaktgabeeinrichtung 4.4.3.1. Mechanischer Kontaktgeber 4.4.3.2. Fotoelektrischer Impulsgeber 4.4.4. Fehler und Konstanten des Mikrometers 4.4.5. Ermittlung der Durchgangszeiten 5. Praktische Erprobung des Zirkumzenitals 5.1. Die Beobachtungen 5.1.1. Die Beobachtungsstation 5.1.2. Das Sternprogramm 5.1.3. Übersicht der Beobachtungen 5.2. Die Auswertung 5.3. Zusammenstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5.3.1. Die Ergebnisse der Beobachtungen 5.3.2. Statistische Beurteilung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5.4. Schlußfolgerungen für den Einsatz des Zirkumzenitals 6. Zusammenfassung Literatur
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  • 12
    Call number: G 8616 ; AWI G6-18-91644
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 62 Seiten , Diagramme, Tabellen, Karten
    Language: German
    Note: Göttingen, Univ., Diss, 1974 , Inhalt: 1. Einführung in die Problemstellung. - 2. Schwefel-Analysen. - 2.1 Röntgenspektrometrisch. - 2.2 Coulometrisch. - 3. Schwefelisotopen-Analyse. - 3.1 Extraktion des Schwefels. - 3.2 Messungen am Massenspektrometer. - 4. Ergebnisse. - 4.1 Schwefelgehalte von Referenzproben. - 4.2 Schwefelgehalte und δ34S von Graniten, Syeniten und Metamorphiten. - 5. Diskussion der Ergebnisse. - 5.1 Schwefelgehalte. - 5.2 Übersicht der δ34S-Werte. - 5.3 Der Einfluß der Metamorphose. - 5.4 Vergleich von δ34S mit 87Sr/86Sr. - 6. Zusammenfassung. - 7. Literatur.
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  • 13
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    London : British Antarctic Survey
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    Call number: ZSP-164-66
    In: Scientific reports
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    Pages: 43 S., 1 Bl. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Scientific reports / British Antarctic Survey 66
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  • 14
    Call number: K-11-0058
    Pages: 1 Kt. in 14 Bl. : mehrfarb.
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  • 15
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    London : Brit. Antarctic Survey
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    Call number: ZSP-164-71
    In: Scientific reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 133 S.
    Series Statement: Scientific reports / British Antarctic Survey 71
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  • 16
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    Call number: ZSP-138-9
    In: Antarktika
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 179 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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  • 17
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    Call number: ZSP-138-11
    In: Antarktika
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    Pages: 217 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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  • 18
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    Tokyo : Polar Research Center, National Science Museum
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-592-2
    In: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xii, 279 S. : Ill. + Kt.-Beil.
    Series Statement: Scientific reports / Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition : Special issue 2
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  • 19
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Rüschlikon [u.a.] : Müller
    Call number: AWI E3-12-0062
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhalt: 1 Das große Experiment beginnt. - 2 Werden wir alle erfrieren oder ertrinken?. - 3 Zum Mittagessen auf den Südpol. - 4 Die geheimnisvolle elektrische Hülle. - 5 Mutproben für Helden (1902 bis 1917). - 6 Die Basis der Kiwis. - 7 Festschmaus im südlichen Ozean. - 8 Pinguine, Robben und blutlose Fische. - 9 Knotenpunkt McMurdo. - 10 Der Fund des Jahrhunderts.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1895 haben Menschen die Antarktis, in der sich 90 Prozent aller Eismassen befinden, zum erstenmal betreten. Von diesem Zeitpunkt an war dieser Kontinent der Schauplatz abenteuerlicher Expeditionen, deren Teilnehmer unvorstellbare Gefahren auf sich nahmen, um ins Innere dieser unendlichen Eiswüste vorzudringen. Nicht wenige Menschen mußten ihren Wagemut mit dem Leben bezahlen. Zu den Opfern, welche die Antarktis gefordert hat, gehört auch Sir Robert F. Scott, der - wie gleichzeitig Roald Amundsen - versuchte, als erster den Südpol zu erreichen. Es war aber beileibe nicht nur der Reiz des Abenteuers, der die Südpolar-Forscher zu ihren Leistungen angespornt hat - mindestens ebenso faszinierend war die Möglichkeit, einen unbekannten Erdteil wissenschaftlich zu untersuchen. Namhafte Forscher vieler Nationen studieren heute die stellenweise über 4000 m dicke Eisschicht, die Bodenbeschaffenheit des unter diesem Eispanzer liegenden Landes, die mysteriösen elektrischen Strömungen in der Ionosphäre, das seltsame Polarlicht, die zahlreichen Fossilienfunde und die antarktische Tierwelt, die den Biologen so manches Rätsel aufgibt. Peter Briggs, der Autor vieler erfolgreicher populärwissenschaftlicher Bücher, folgt in seinem spannenden Bericht nicht nur den Spuren der Antarktis-Pioniere, er legt auch eindrücklich die Forschungsergebnisse aus dem "Laboratorium am Ende der Welt " dar.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 192 S. : Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 3275004786
    Uniform Title: Laboratory at the bottom of the world
    Language: German
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  • 20
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York : Coward, McCann & Geoghegan
    Call number: AWI P6-12-0063
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction to the unknown. - 2. The approach by sea. - 3. Destination - South Pole. - 4. Where did it come from?. - 5. The natives. - 6. Many flags, no borders. - 7. The Antarctic airline. - 8. A visit to the big city. - 9. It takes energy just to stay alive. - 10. Why are we there?. - 11. All aboard for Antarctica - a look into the future. - Index
    Description / Table of Contents: Antarctica is a place of hardship and mystery - but also a continent of beauty and hope. In an earlier edition the author predicted many of the changes which are affecting Antarctic operations today - weather satellites, plastic buildings, hard-surface roads, and regular tourist visits. Now he weaves these and other new material into an up-to-date, fascinating portrait of the continent at the bottom of the world. The discoveries by explorers and scientists which helped solve the mystery of Antarctica's origin were only a beginning. In the 1970's, men and women from many nations and from many fields of research are sharing new work there in a completely new way. Our hopes of controlling the effects of earthquakes, climate, and pollution depend heavily on their success. Antarctica is also tied in many ways to space travel. Finally, the author describes what he believes is still to come - new kinds of vehicles, robot stations linked with satellites, more probes beneath the surface of the continent, and Antarctica's eventual involvement in world commerce. Black-and-white photographs help dramatizes what this exciting continent means to all of us right now.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 192 S. : Ill.
    Edition: new and rev. ed.
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  • 21
    Call number: AWI A6-94-0331
    In: Annual review of fluid mechanics
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 371 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0824307062
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  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Associated volumes
    Call number: K-13-0027
    In: Zemlja ±Enderbi
    Pages: 1 Kt. in 7 Bl. : mehrfarb.
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  • 23
    Call number: AWI G8-13-0050
    In: Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Astronomiceskogo Instituta Imeni P. K. Sternberga
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Les recherches gravimétriques dans la régione des stations antarctiques soviétiques Lasarev et Novolaserevscakaja / A. L. Kogan, P. A. Stroev. - An approximate method of determination of spectal density of geophysical fields / V. L. Panteleev. - Le dévelopment des anomalies de la force d'attraction dans la suite des fonctions ellipsoidals de Lamé / L. A. Savrov. - On the short periodic solar perturbations in the motion of planetary satellites / A. A. Orlov. - Application of von Zeipel's method to the stellar three-body problem / N. A. Solovaya. - The determination of a simmetrical intermediate of an artificial earth's satellite / E. P. Aksenov, L. M. Domozhilova. - The determination of an asimetrical intermediate of an artifical earth's satellite / E. P. Aksenov, L. M. Domozhilova. - The influence of solar radiation pressure on the motion of some non-spherical satellites / E. E. Mukin. - Phenomenon of QSS / N. E. Kurochkin.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 117 S. : graph. Darst.
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  • 24
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Vodnogo Transporta
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI E2-13-0067-3
    In: Materialy nabljudenij naučno-issledovatel'skoj drejfujuščej stancii 1950/51 goda, Tom 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 516 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Ėkz. 112
    Language: Russian
    Note: Содержание = Soderžanie = Inhalt: Предисловие = Predislovie = Vorwort. - Аэрометеорология = Aėrometeorologija = Aerometeorologie. - Метеорологические наблюдения приложение (таблицы) = Meteorologičeskie nabljudenija priloženie (Tablicy) = Anwendung meteorologischer Beobachtungen (Tabellen) / К. И. Чуканин = K. I. Čukanin. - Аэрологические наблюдения приложение (таблицы) = Aėrologičeskie nabljudenija priloženie (Tablicy) = Anwendung für Beobachtungen aus der Luft (Tabellen) / В. Г. Канаки, В. Е. Благодаров = V. G. Kanaki, V. E. Blagodarov. - Наблюдения над ветром по демпферному флюгеру приложение (таблицы) = Nabljudenija nad vetrom po dempfernomu fljugeru priloženie (Tablicy) = Beobachtungen über den Wind bei Dämpfer-Windfahnen (Tabellen) / М. М. Никитин = M. M. Nikitin. , In kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 25
    Call number: ZSP-594/A-11
    In: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
    Description / Table of Contents: A meridian scanning photometric system was designed for the simultaneous observation of the dynamic behavior of the proton and electron auroras with high time resolution. The hydrogen Balmer-beta (H_β) was selected as a typical emission line from proton auroras, whereas N_2+ 4278 Å, OI 5577 Å and OI 6300 Å emissions were selected for electron auroras. The H_β photometer has a so-called tilting filter to measure rapid space-time variations of faint proton auroras free from the contamination of strong electron auroras. The observations were carried out from March to October 1970 at Syowa Station (corrected geomagnetic lat. -66.7°, long. 72.5°) in Antarctica. From the records of the meridian scanning photometers, spatial distributitions of auroral luminosity along the geomagnetic meridian were displayed as a function of local time, and the iso-intensity contour lines were drawn. These space-time diagrams of auroral luminosity were shown to be very useful for the quantitative study of the dynamic behavior of auroras. Using auroral space-time diagrams, the constitution of the proton and electron aurora substorms was described in detail. During the growth phase of a magnetospheric substorm, the emission zone of the proton aurora moves equatorward with a speed of 100-200m/sec, accompanying the development of the asymmetric ring current and the positive H bay in the evening region. The equatorward movement and the growth of the asymmetric ring current were explained by an earthward movement of the ring current protons due to the intensification of the magnetospheric convection and the subsequent energization of protons through the betatron and Fermi acceleration processes. At the onset of the expansion phase, the quiet arcs suddenly brighten in the pre-midnight region, and the electron aurora bulge rapidly expands poleward and westward, whereas in the post-midnight region, the emission zone of proton auroras rapidly expands poleward and eastward with a large increase in luminosity. Proton auroras are absent in the leading edge of the expanding electron aurora bulge, while breakup-type electron auroras (arcs or bands) are not observed in the expanding proton aurora bulge. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a mechanism which accelerates electrons along the geomagnetic field lines from the magnetosphere down to the ionosphere in the pre-midnight region and protons in the postmidnight region. After the onset of the expansion phase, the luminosity of the proton aurora greatly increases, and simultaneously the emission zone expands equatorward in the evening region, accompanying the development of the asymmetric partial ring current and the positive bay. These features can be interpreted by means of the proton injection into the trapping region due to the magnetic collapse in the tail, and the subsequent westward and earthward drift. From the relationship between the movement of the proton auroras and the geomagnetic variation, it is suggested that the positive bay in the evening hours is induced by the eastward current concentrated along the emission zone of proton auroras. The enhancement of the ionospheric conductivity due to the precipitating protons required to excite the observed proton aurora luminosity is estimated to be sufficient for the concentration of the eastward current. A close relationship between the proton aurora and the IPDP event was also observed, indicating proton pitch-angle diffusion due to the ion cyclotron waves.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 78 S. : überw. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition : Scientific reports : Series A, Aeronomy 11
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  • 26
    Call number: AWI E4-13-0145-2
    In: Werke
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 952 S. : Ill.
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  • 27
    Call number: AWI E4-13-0145-3
    In: Werke
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 915 S. : Ill.
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  • 28
    Call number: ZSP-594/C-7
    In: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
    Description / Table of Contents: Glaciological studies of the upper 10m of the ice sheet in East Antarctica were made during the JARE South Pole Traverse 1968-1969. The glaciological studies consisted of studies of surface snow and subsurface snow by means of pits as well as analyses of snow cores. Conditions of surface snow such as accumulation, roughness, density and hardness are described in this paper. It is found that the conditions are distinctly different in four regions along the route from Syowa Station to the South Pole, and that they have a close connection with the slope inclination. Relationship between the snow conditions and the slope inclination is discussed in terms of the dependence of wind speed on the slope inclination. Thus, it is concluded that the conditions of surface snow are mainly controlled by wind speed. Measurements of annual snow accumulations disclose that local variations in accumulations take place in a strong wind region, and coincide with local topography of the region. Also, distinct regional differences in accumulations during the summer season are discussed from the differences between cyclonic and anticyclonic precipitations. Studies of subsurface snow in 2m deep pits indicate that regions located in the north and south of 73°S are characterized respectively by compact fine-grained snow and well-developed depth hoar. Analyses of snow cores from the surface to a depth of 10m revealed the distribution of snow density in the upper 10m of the ice sheet along the route from Syowa Station to the South Pole. Regional profiles of snow density at the depths of 5 and 9m were different from those at the surface. This is due to the differences in the mean annual air temperature.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 27 S.
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition : Scientific reports : Series C, Earth sciences 7
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  • 29
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leipzig : Bibliogr. Inst.
    Call number: AWI E4-14-0052
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhalt: Vorwort. - 1. Lomonossow und die erste russische Expedition zur Entdeckung einer nordöstlichen Durchfahrt. - 2. Die ersten russischen Auslandsreisen. - 3. Die ersten Russen in England. - 4. Die ersten russischen Nachrichten über Amerika. - 5. Die frühesten Nachrichten über den äußersten Norden von Sibirien. - 6. Die Entdeckung der Beringstraße durch Semen Deshnew (1648). - 7. S. P. Krascheninnikows Reisen durch Kamtschatka (1737-1741). - 8. Die ersten russischen Weltreisenden. - 9. Die russischen Entdeckungen im Stillen Ozean. - 10. Die russischen Entdeckungen in der Antarktis. - 11. A. I. Butakow, der Erforscher des Aralsees. - 12. Die Forschungen Miklucho-Maklais in Neuguinea. - 13. A. I. Wojeikow. - 14. W. L. Komarows Reisen auf Kamtschatka. - 15. Die ersten russischen Karten des Kaspischen Meeres und ihr Zusammenhang mit den Schwankungen des Meeresspiegels. - 16. Iwan Kirilows Atlas des ganzen Russischen Reiches. - 17. P. A. Slowzow und das Baersche Gesetz. - 18. Atlantis und Ägäis. - 19. Peter Petrowitsch Semjonow-Tjanschanski als Geograph. - 20. N. M. Prshewalski als Reisender. - 21. W. W. Dokutschajew und die Lehre von den geographischen Zonen. - 22. Die Bedeutung der Arbeiten W. I. Wernadskis für die Geographie. - 23. Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Anutschin. - 24. Über die geographischen Forschungen an der Akademie der Wissenschaften der UdSSR. - 25. Die geographischen Entdeckungen der Sowjetzeit. - Verzeichnis der Personennamen. - Verzeichnis der Völkernamen.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 283 S. : Ill., Kt.
    Uniform Title: Očerki po istorii Russkich geografičeskich otkrytij
    Language: German
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  • 30
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Wissenschaftl. Verl.-Ges.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI E1-15-0013
    In: Große Naturforscher
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhalt: Ziel und Tat. - Jugend und Entfaltung. - Erste Reise (26.VIII. 1768 - 12.VII.1771). - Zweite Reise (21. VI.1772 - 30. VII.1775). - Dritte Reise (24.VI. 1776 - 14.II.1779). - Charakter. - Zeitbedingte Erschwerungen. - Ergebnisse. - Schrittum.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 141 S. : Ill., Kt.
    Series Statement: Große Naturforscher 9
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  • 31
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-325
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Symbols. - Introduction. - Physical properties of ice, water and snow. - Electrical relations affecting the problem. - The dielectric constant. - Deloor's theory. - Wet snow application. - Experimental procedure. - Measurement technique. - Sample preparation. - Glass bead preparation. - Experimental results. - Wet snow results. - Glass bead results. - Experimental error. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - Recommendations. - Literature cited. - Selected bibliography. - Appendix A. The measurement of the complex dielectric constant in a shorted wave guide. - Appendix B. Evaluation of the effective particle shape factor and the effective dielectric properties in the immediate vicinity of average liquid and solid particles. - Appendix C. Experimental data. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: An accurate method of measuring liquid water in snow covers is required to determine the properties of wet snow. The dielectric properties of wet snow must be utilized to adequately measure its liquid water content. In this study the effect of liquid water on the complex dielectric constant of natural snow is determined in the microwave frequency range. Deloor's method for calculating the dielectric constant for mixtures and the results of waveguide experiments on samples of wet snow and glass beads are used to construct a calibration curve relating the measured dielectric loss factor directly to the water content of wet snow. The results are independent of porosity, past history and chemical impurities. A relation between the effective dielectric constant and the porosity and water content is proposed and tested, experimentally. The general nature of this relation is described and suggestions are made for the development of a more precise relation. It is concluded that the dielectric constant is a function of porosity and water content only.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 325
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  • 32
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : CRREL
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-296
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: A theory is developed to describe the percolation of water through isothermal snow with a vertical porosity gradient. While the necessary laboratory experiments have not been done for snow, concepts from the general theory of two phase flow through porous media are used in the development. The general solution for the one-dimensional problem is given, which, when combined with any periodic boundary condition, can be used to make quantitative predictions. The theory is applied to water percolation through firn on the upper Seward Glacier (Sharp, 1951a). Using appropriate values for the parameters, theory shows a wave of volume flux which travels down into the firn and develops features similar to those observed by Sharp. These include an initially symmetric wave which distorts with depth, continuous (rather than intermittent) downward flow beneath the surface, and a decreasing value for the wave crest with depth. The rate at which the waves propagate is calculated using the method of characteristics and is in fair agreement with the observed rate where the permeability of the bulk firn with ice layers is reduced by a factor of two over homogeneous snow samples studied in the laboratory (Kuroiwa, 1963). The theory predicts that the waves advance with a shock front which grows with depth. The shock front is thought to be only an approximation to the actual physical process
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Symbols. - Introduction. - Theory. - Darcy's Law. - Functional permeability. - Equations. - Characteristics. - Seward Glacier firn. - Discussion. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 296
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-293
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - What is a spline function?. - 1. Determination of a cubic spline. - 2. Effect of end conditions. - 3. Some properties of cubic splines. - Application to a lake temperature observation. - 1. Observed temperatures. - 2. Integral residuals of the observed temperatures. - 3. Theoretical temperature distributions. - Conclusion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Numerical differentiation by use of classical interpolation formulas yields a diversity of results. Consistent numerical differentiation can be performed by using a spline function as an interpolating function. As an application, temperature observed in a lake is numerically differentiated as a function of time and of depth by use of cubic splines. The deviation of the actual heat transfer mechanism from vertical heat conduction can thus be detected. The reliability of numerical differentiation by spline functions is manifest in this example.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 293
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-317
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments by Smith-Johannsen on the adhesion of ice frozen from a number of 1 x 10^-3 ? electrolyte solutions to a wax-treated aluminum surface at -10°C are discussed. It is concluded that the adhesive strength measured by the force per square centimeter needed to shear the ice off the substrate surface is mainly due to a liquid interfacial solution layer between the ice and the substrate surface. The thickness of such a layer is largely determined by the same considerations as the thickness of grain boundary layers in ice obtained from dilute electrolyte solutions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 317
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-316
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements of the concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg++ and Ca++ were made on 28 samples from the 255-m-deep ice core from Little America V. All concentrations decrease sharply with depth from the firn-ice transition at 52 m to somewhere between 125 m and 150 m. From 150 m to 250 m the cationic concentrations are relatively constant. This is interpreted to indicate that the ice above 125 m fell as snow on the Ross Ice Shelf and that ice below 150 m originated inland on Marie Byrd Land.
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    Pages: ii, 7 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 316
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  • 36
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-314
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Sea ice terrain model. - Traffic ability model. - Analytic calculation of DT/DSL. - Monte Carlo calculation. - Results of traffic ability computations. - Experimental traffic ability ratios using ridge overlays. - Regional variations in ridging intensity. - Additional traffic ability aspects of sea ice. - Shear zone and rubble fields. - Linear lead systems. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Distribution of the lateral extent of ridges. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A sea ice terrain model, based upon previously tested height and spacing distributions for sea ice pressure ridging, is developed. Using this model, and additional information on pressure ridge extents, a trafficability model for vehicles traversing the pack ice is developed. Both analytic and Monte Carlo calculations of vehicle trafficability, measured in terms of the average ratio of the total distance traveled over a straight-line distance, are performed. The calculations include cul-de-sacs due to ridge intersections. The trafficability ratio is given as a function of ridge-height-clearance ability of the vehicle and of ridging parameters which may be obtained from laser profiles of the arctic pack ice. Results are in good agreement with simulated routes through sea ice terrain taken from aerial photo mosaics. Contour plots of ridging parameters taken from laser profilometry are also supplied. These plots, together with the trafficability model, supply mobility information for the whole of the western portion of the Arctic Basin.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 314
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-310
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Field sites and procedures. - Results. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Tabulation of AIDJEX core data. - Appendix B: Tabulation of average salinity/ice thickness data. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The salinity distribution in multiyear sea ice is dependent on the ice topography and cannot be adequately represented by a single average profile. The cores collected from areas beneath surface hummocks generally showed a systematic increase in salinity with depth from 0 0/00 at tne surface to about 4 0/00 at the base. The cores collected from areas beneath surface depressions were much more saline and displayed large salinity fluctuations. Salinity observations from sea ice of varying thicknesses and ages collected at various arctic and subarctic locations revealed a strong correlation between the average salinity of the ice, S, and the ice thickness, h. For salinity samples collected from cold sea ice at the end of the growth season, this relationship can be represented by two linear equations: S = 14.24 - 19.39h (h? 0.4 m) ; S = 7.88 - 1.59h (h 〉 0.4 m) . It is suggested that the pronounced break in slope at 0.4 m is due to a change in the dominant brine drainage mechanism from brine expulsion to gravity drainage. A linear regression for the data collected during the melt season gives S = 1.58 + 0.18h. An annual cyclic variation of the mean salinity probably exists for multiyear sea ice. The mean salinity should reach a maximum at the end of the growth season and a minimum at the end of the melt season.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 310
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-309
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Symbols. - Introduction. - Physical setting. - Flow model. - Calculated flow. - Existing profile. - Proposed profiles. - Profile 1. - Profile 2. - Profile 3. - Profile 4. - Profile 5. - Profile 6. - Profile 7. - Total excavation. - Interpretation and conclusions. - Sources of error. - Recommendations. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Marcona Corporation and Kryolitselskabet ?resund, A/S (a Danish corporation) are cooperatively investigating the possibility of developing an open-pit mine along the edge of the Greenland Ice Cap. The response of the glacier to a sudden change in surface slope and thickness is calculated. The existing flow is diverted away from the mineral deposit but will increase when the excavation begins. It is calculated that 66 million cubic meters of ice must be removed in order to establish a stable profile beyond the pit. An additional 7.9 million cubic meters of ice must be removed yearly in order to maintain the profile.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 309
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-302
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Literature review. - Experimental procedure. - Experimental and theoretical equations. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Some problems in the experimental determination of the extinction coefficient of ice fog. - Appendix B. Ice fog production technique. - Appendix C. Ice fog samples and their corresponding particle spectra. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Laser extinction measurements in ice fog were made at wavelengths of 0.6328, 1.15 and 3.39 microns. The ice fog was generated in an environmental chamber whose temperature could be lowered to -43°C. Particle sampling was carried out simultaneously with the laser measurements using an impactor. Size distributions were derived from the impactor measurements. These data were used to compute Mie extinction coefficients at the three laser wavelengths. These coefficients were compared with the coefficients derived experimentally. Although some discrepancy exists between theory and experiment, both agree fairly well on the behavior of the extinction coefficient as a function of particle concentration.
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    Pages: iii, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 302
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  • 40
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    Call number: ZSP-202-306
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - 1. Coastal stations. - Alaska. - Canada. - Greenland. - Europe and Russia. - II. The interior Arctic Ocean. - Zone 1. - Zone 2.. - Zone 3. - Zone 4. - Zone 5. - Zone 6.. - Summary and discussion. - Supplemental data. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Winds. - Appendix B. Arctic surface winds. - Appendix C. Excerpt from Cold Regions Science and Engineering, USA CRREL Monograph I-A3b. - Appendix D. Excerpt from Proceedings of the Arctic Basin Symposium October 1962. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Prevailing monthly and seasonal surface wind directions were obtained from 1) weather records for 21 coastal stations around the Arctic Ocean and 2) a series of U.S. Navy wind charts for 15 to 20 locations in the arctic marginal seas and the ocean's interior. This information was combined and analyzed to develop 2 charts which depict the surface flow of air in these areas during the mid-summer and mid-winter months. Since the ice floe stations used in the offshore wind analysis are not permanently located, the Arctic Ocean was selectively divided into 6 zones. Three of these zones separate Polar regions north of 84°N latitude, and 3 other zones each separate the seas bordering the north coasts of Europe, Siberian Russia and North America. Except for a few stations where wind directions are apparently controlled by local influences the results showed the following mid-winter patterns: 1) a near anticlockwise flow within the circle north of 75°N, 2) winds from the north in and near the Chukchi and Bering Seas, 3) northeast winds along the Alaskan coast and northwest along the Canadian Archipelago Islands, and 4) southwest and southeast winds along the northern coasts of Europe and Asia respectively. Although the wind directions during mid-summer become more variable the study showed that the prevailing surface winds for most areas in this season are nearly opposite those observed in winter.
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    Pages: iii, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 306
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  • 41
    Call number: ZSP-202-301
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - 1.The flow of organic nutrients in plants in cold-dominated ecosystems and the influence of man's activities on this flow. - Methodology for extraction and estimation of plant lipids, alcohol and water-soluble carbohydrates, starch and fructans. - Seasonal cycles in lipids and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates in plants at Barrow, Alaska. - Biochemical changes in plants at the heated soil experiment at Barrow. - Literature cited. - II. Contributions of carbon dioxide from frozen soil into the arctic atmosphere. - Introduction. - Laboratory study. - Field study. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - III. Biochemical estimations of underground plant biomass. - Appendix A. Methodology. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two approaches were used to study the carbon cycling in a cold-dominated ecosystem at Barrow, Alaska. One involved a detailed analysis of the flow of CO2 between the atmosphere, soil and biota and the other concentrated on the internal carbon cycling in plants. A pilot study was also conducted which investigated the possibility of estimating underground plant biomass by biochemical means. Both laboratory and field studies were conducted to analyze the input of CO2 to the arctic atmosphere by frozen tundra soils. Data are presented which indicate that frozen soil is a major source of CO2. It is hypothesized that CO2 trapped in soils during bi-directional freezing in the fall and winter is released during the spring thaw, thus producing a spring rise in CO2 content of the atmosphere. A procedure for the extraction and estimation of organic nutrients (lipids and carbohydrates) was developed and used to follow the seasonal cycle of these nutrients of plants obtained at Barrow, Alaska. No cycling in levels of carbohydrates (alcohol-soluble) was observed in the foliage during the season, however a definite cycling in lipid levels was seen for all the species studied. The species were synchronous. Plant survival and organic nutrient levels were followed during the winter over a heated-soil experiment at Barrow, Alaska. During the winter, the heating of the soil caused ponding which resulted in the elimination of Dupontia fischeri by mid-winter and the eventual death of all plants by spring. The carbohydrate levels indicated a starvation condition was created where a marked decrease in storage polymers (starch and fructans) occurred without a concurrent large increase in the alcohol-soluble carbohydrate levels. An increase in the fresh/dry weight ratios was also observed indicating etiolated, succulent growth in early winter. Four techniques were tried for estimating the below-ground biomass of plants. Two of these were eliminated as unsuitable, however two other methods(ATP and phospholipid-levels) remain to be fully evaluated.
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    Pages: iii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
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  • 42
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    Call number: ZSP-202-298
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - I. Introduction. - II. A statistical theory of trafficability. - Statistical descriptions of trafficability. - Statistical modeling of trafficability. - Trafficability in a variable space with comparison to a fixed space. - III. Statistical description of sea ice. - Homogeneous, isotropic, and normal random function. - Upper bound of probability for finding an obstacle derived from two-point probability density function. - IV. Design criteria of a SEV derived from sea ice surface roughness. - Literature cited. - Appendix: Statistics of a variable space.
    Description / Table of Contents: Efforts were made to derive the design criteria of surface effect vehicles operated on arctic sea ice. Statistical theories were developed to describe trafficability of the vehicles and topography of the sea ice. By the use of actual sea ice surface profiles obtained by an aerial laser profiler, the usefulness of the present statistical method was demonstrated.
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    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 298
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  • 43
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    Call number: ZSP-138-10
    In: Antarktika
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 190 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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  • 44
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    Call number: ZSP-202-294
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Test materials. - Testing programs. - Test equipment. - Loading machine. - Environmental chamber. - Platen arrangements. - Stress/strain measurements. - Test procedures. - General. - Uniaxial compressive strength. - Diametral compression tests. - Stress/strain tests. - Test results. - Uniaxial compressive strength. - Brazil tensile strength. - Ring tensile strength. - Stress/strain characteristics. - Discussion. - Strength as a function of water content at room temperature. - Strength as a function of water content at -25°C. - Effect of temperature on the strength of nominally dry rocks. - Effect of low temperature on the strength of water-saturated rocks. - Effect of water on deformability at room temperature. - Deformability of air-dry rock as a function of temperature. - Effect of low temperature on the deformability of water-saturated rocks. - Conclusions and recommendations. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.Test materials for low temperature studies in rock mechanics. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Strength tests were made on three types of rock, both "air-dry" and water-saturated, at temperatures from +25° to -195°C, and stress/strain tests were made down to -60°C. Strength of air-dry specimens increased with decreasing temperature at an average rate of approximately 2 x 10^-3 °C^-1, and quasi-elastic moduli increased at comparable rates. Static fatigue mechanisms in air-dry rock were apparently influenced by temperature-modification of adsorbed water. Strength of water-saturated specimens increased dramatically as pore water froze, and continued to increase down to -120°C, where compressive and tensile strengths were greater than room temperature values by factors of 5, 4 and 2 for sandstone, limestone and granite respectively. Compressive stress/strain curves for saturated rocks became steeper after freezing, and initial tangent moduli for saturated high porosity rocks increased by well over an order of magnitude.
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    Pages: v, 75 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 294
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  • 45
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-290
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results and discussion. - Derivation of unfrozen water contents from these results. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Low temperature differential thermal analyses of selected clay-water systems were made to locate important phase change temperatures and to define fruitful temperature-pressure fields for precise calorimetric investigation. In addition to an exotherm corresponding to initial freezing, one, two or three exotherms were observed between -35°C and -60°C. The low temperature exotherms do not depend critically upon water content, but clearly they are related to clay mineral and exchangeable cation type. The evolution of heat in this temperature range probably corresponds to a phase change in the interfacial water.
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    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 290
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  • 46
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-292
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - General introduction. - A. Pore water freezing data from differential thermal analysis. - Apparatus and technique. - Results. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - B. Indirect determination of pore water freezing data for rocks. - Air penetration tests. - Mercury penetration measurements. - Calculation of unfrozen water content and freezing point depression. - Comparison of calculated and measured freezing characteristics. - Conclusions. - C. Electrical conductivity measurements. - Procedures. - Results. - Discussion of results. - D. Thermal strains in cold rock. - Preliminary tests. - Recording dilatometer. - Test procedure. - Results. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - E. lsothermal compressibility of cold rocks. - Test method. - Test results. - Discussion of results. - Conclusion and recommendations. - General summary of results. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Water adsorption. - Appendix B: Adsorption and absorption by Rochester shale. - Appendix C: Low temperature conductivity of saturated wood. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The phase composition of pore water in three types of rock subjected to temperature below 0°C was explored by a variety of techniques. Freezing point depression was measured as a function of water content by differential thermal analysis, the results yielding relationships between unfrozen water content and temperature. In an effort to avoid the practical difficulties involved in differential thermal analysis, attempts were made to determine freezing characteristics indirectly by air penetration and mercury penetration techniques applied at ordinary room temperatures. Electrical conductivity measurements were made as a function of temperature down to -195° C in an attempt to obtain information on characteristics of interfacial water films at low temperatures. Thermal strain was measured as a function of temperature in order to detect direct mechanical effects associated with phase changes, chiefly strain discontinuities brought about by volume changes in the pore water during rapid freezing and thawing. Finally, isothermal compressibility measurements, with pressures up to 27 kb, were made at - 10°C so as to determine whether the rock underwent step changes in volumetric strain at pressures corresponding to those of the phase boundaries for ice polymorphs.
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    Pages: v, 61 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 292
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  • 47
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-289
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Materials and methods. - Materials. - Methods. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.
    Description / Table of Contents: Clay mineral and soil samples were subjected to neutron activation analysis in order to identify and measure the abundances of trace elements having radionuclides with long half-lives. After exposure of cadmium-shielded samples to neutrons for a period of five days, the gamma radiation associated with the decay of the resulting radionuclides was observed using a high resolution Ge(Li) detector. Trace elements identified without prior chemical separation using the gross gamma-ray spectra included Fe, Zn, Ti, Ni, Co, Cr, Sr, Ba, Ca, La, Eu, Tb, Hf, Ta, Th, and U. It should be possible to determine quantitatively the amount of each of these elements. This is a considerable improvement over the number of elements determined in soils previously by activation analysis without destructive chemical treatments.
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    Pages: iii, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 289
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  • 48
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-287
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Hugoniot curves were generated from simultaneous measurements of shock and free-surface velocities, obtained from samples of frozen Fairbanks (Fox) silt, using the exploding wire technique. The abrupt change in slope of the Us-Up Hugoniot is indicative of a phase change. The shape of the P-V Hugoniot suggests that the transformation begins immediately but does not go to completion. This means that, although the pressure lies slightly above the Rayleigh line through the mixed phase region, the slope does not increase as rapidly as it would if the material had stayed in the initial phase.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Conversion factors. - Introduction. - Test procedure. - Test results. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Hugoniot data. - Abstract.
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    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 287
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  • 49
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-286
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS : Introduction. - Basic analysis. - Part I: Far field surface motion. - A single oscillating source. - A group of forces over a finite area. - Part II: Near field study. - Motion at center of source. - Approximation of displacements. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Wave propagation generated by vibratory load on a homogeneous, isotropic, linear viscoelastic half-space is studied. The effect of a single concentrated force and a group of forces applied over a circular area has been examined and solutions of the displacement functions are presented. In the case of the group forces, the three types of force distribution used by Reissner and Sung were employed. At a great distance (far field) from the applied load, surface displacements are reduced to closed form expressions. A field method based on these results is recommended for determining the complex modulus and the damping property of a viscoelastic material. For areas near the source (near field), numerical procedures were employed to evaluate the integral solution. To facilitate the application, two simplified versions are provided for calculating the center displacement under the load. They both provide good approximation to the integral solution and, most important of all, they speed up the computation enormously
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    Pages: iv, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 286
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  • 50
    Call number: ZSP-292-288
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. - List of symbols. - Introduction. - Adsorption of volatile chemicals by soil. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results and discussion. - Diffusion of volatile chemicals in soil. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Calculations. - Results and discussion. - Prediction of vapor diffusion in soil. - Introduction. - Construction of model. - Computations. - Results and discussion. - A statistical method for analysis of diffusion through soil. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Detection of mines, explosives, and tunnels may be accomplished by sensing associated volatile effluvia. This investigation was undertaken to provide a basis for predicting the diffusion of volatile compounds from underground sources into the atmosphere. Diffusion of a volatile compound was studied for a range of soil conditions utilizing soils from the mine detection sites in Puerto Rico. A new mathematical analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was developed for predicting vapor diffusion through soil into the atmosphere. It was determined that diffusion in soil can be reliably predicted if soil porosity, moisture content, and affinity for the compound are known. Appearance in the atmosphere is also dependent on accumulation of the compound in air at the soil/atmosphere interface. Diffusion of volatile compounds through soil into the atmosphere is not likely to be an important factor in tunnel detection due to depth of overburden. However, adsorption of compounds at tunnel walls is likely to significantly reduce the amount of vapor appearing in the atmosphere through entrances and vents. Detection in the atmosphere of TNT vapor from mines and explosives buried in moist, porous soil should be possible under ideal sample collection conditions.
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    Pages: v, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 288
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  • 51
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-283
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Determination of CEC of earth materials using isotopic exchange. - Determination of CEC of earth materials using isotopic labeling. - Appendix: Procedure for determination of CEC of earth materials by isotopic labeling.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two radiochemical methods were investigated for determining the cation exchange capacity of earth materials having a wide range in physicochemical properties. The first method attempted was unsuccessful but involved determination of the radioactivity of a 22Na-NaOAc solution in isotopic equilibrium with a Na+-saturated mineral phase. The logic of this method is presented in order to illustrate principles of isotopic exchange in mineral systems. The method finally adopted is based upon determination of the radioactivity of a salt-free, Na+-saturated mineral sample prepared using a radioactive NaOAc solution with a known 22Na-NaOAc composition. This method is less time-consuming and more accurate than the conventional ammonium acetate method for cation exchange capacity determinations.
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    Pages: iii, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 283
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  • 52
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-281
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: The solution for the vibration of an elastic plate floating on water is developed. The water is assumed to be incompressible and to have irrotational flow. In free vibration upon release of the plate, the maximum negative rebound of the deflection is 25%. For forced vibration, the steady state part of the solution shows that there is a frequency at which the deflection is a maximum. The stresses become a maximum at a frequency higher than the one for deflection. These critical frequencies depend upon the plate's characteristic length and the depth of the water. For most situations the critical frequency for stress is less than 0.2 cycle per second. At this critical frequency the stresses are amplified over the static case by a factor less than 10%.
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    Pages: ii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 281
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  • 53
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    Call number: ZSP-202-282
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Measurement of crystal size. - Measurement of crystalorientation. - Results and discussion. - Byrd Station crystal structure and fabrics. - Little America V crystal structure and fabrics. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Radical differences in the crystal structure and fabrics of glacier ice cores at Byrd Station and Little America V, Antarctica, are attributed to gross differences in the thermal and deformational histories of the ice at these two locations. At Byrd Station the mean size of crystals increased more than sixfold between 65 m and the bottom of the drill hole at 309 m. Crystal size was also found to increase linearly with the age of the ice, thus simulating isothermal grain growth in metals. However, this growth was not accompanied by any dimensional orientation of crystals or entrapped bubbles, or by any significant increase in the degree of preferred orientation of crystallographic c-axes. These observations imply that negligible shearing is occurring in the top 300 m of the thick grounded ice sheet at Byrd Station. By contrast very considerable deformation is indicated for the floating 258-m-thick Ross Ice Shelf at Little America. This deformation is characterized by the widespread occurrence of "strained" crystals below 65 m, the existence of elongated oriented bubbles between 95 m and 130 m and the attainment of pronounced crystal orientation (multiple-maxima fabrics) by 100-m depth. Exaggerated growth of crystals below 150 m is attributed to increasing temperatures in the ice shelf. The crystal structure of these cores clearly demonstrates that glacial ice only is present in the Ross Ice Shelf at Little America V.
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    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 282
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  • 54
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    Call number: ZSP-202-243
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 243
    Description / Table of Contents: The internal friction of single-crystal ice has been attributed to reorientation of the water molecule under periodic stress. However, the theory for damped dislocations, which offers another mechanism for the internal friction of ice, has not been investigated. The effects of scratching the surface of 41 ice samples and X-irradiating and plastically deforming them were evaluated. The effects observed on the internal friction of pure, single-crystal ice, in the flexure mode of oscillation between 400 and 1400 Hz, supported the existence of a dislocation-controlled mechanism, with the drag produced by the interaction of the dislocation with the protons in the crystal. In addition, analysis of the detailed shape of the data curve showed two peaks of tan delta as a function of temperature. The second peak, which had not been previously reported, had an activation energy of 0.16 eV and a relaxation time of 1.7 x 10^8 sec at infinite temperature. These experiments indicated that both peaks vrere controlled by the dislocation mechanism described above.
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    Pages: iv, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 243
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Previous theory. - Internal friction of a crystal. - Granato-Lücke theory of dislocation damping. - Double kink mechanism. - Mechanisms not involving dislocations. - Experimental work. - Experimental approach. - Experimental apparatus. - Mode of oscillation. - Automated system. - Support, acoustic isolation, and temperature control. - Sample preparation. - X-ray apparatus. - Data analysis. - Stage I. - Stage II. - Stage III. - Experimental results and discussion. - The second peak. - Interpretation of scratching, X-irradiation, and plastic deformation. - Scratching. - X-irradiation. - Plastic deformation. - Supporting research. - Interpretation of the two peaks. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Computer programs. - Abstract.
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  • 55
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    Oslo : Univ. Press [in Komm.]
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    Call number: ZSP-597-154/A
    In: Geological map of Svalbard 1:500 000
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    Pages: 1 Kt.
    Edition: rev. ed.
    Series Statement: Geological map of Svalbard 1:500 000 1G
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  • 56
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    Oslo : Univ. Press [in Komm.]
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    Call number: ZSP-597-155
    In: Skrifter
    In: Scientific results
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    Pages: 30 S.
    Series Statement: Skrifter / Norsk Polarinstitutt 155
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  • 57
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    London : Brit. Antarct. Survey
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    Call number: ZSP-164-84
    In: Scientific reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 58 S.
    ISBN: 0856650234
    Series Statement: Scientific reports / British Antarctic Survey 84
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  • 58
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    London : H.M.Stat.Off.
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    Call number: ZSP-164-79
    In: Scientific reports
    Description / Table of Contents: Observations made during 1966 - 68 along a 70 km. flow line on the Brunt Ice Shelf are used to show that an average of 1 m. of ice is melted each year from beneath the ice shelf. Appreciable bottom melting occurs at all points along the flow line. Within the limits of observing errors, ice drainage into the ice shelf is found to balance surface accumulation over the catchment area. Particle trajectories indicate that snow falling at the hinge line takes about 190 yr. to reach the ice front and that, because of bottom melting, none of the snow falling at distances greater than 5 km. inland from the hinge line ever reaches the ice front. The high melting rates calculated at all points beneath the Brunt Ice Shelf suggest that bottom melting may be more widespread than previously suspected. The behaviour of the Brunt Ice Shelf is largely influenced by the rapidly moving "Dalgliesh Ice Stream" which supplies the northern part of the ice shelf, where the ice front advances up to 1 - 5 km. each year. Farther,south, ice movement is hindered by the grounded ice of the McDonald Ice Rumples. Between these two zones, large shear stresses have resulted in complete fracture of the ice shelf into isolated blocks separated by expanses of thin ice shelf, sea ice and leads that mark the lines of active separation. Large ice tongues may calve in response to tsunamis with a frequency equal to one of the natural frequencies of the ice tongue. Calving of long narrow ice tongues may be due to the prolonged action of stresses induced by sea currents.
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    Pages: 45, [7] S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0856650196
    Series Statement: Scientific reports / British Antarctic Survey 79
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  • 59
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    Call number: ZSP-164-86
    In: The geology of the South Orkney Islands
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    Pages: 39, [13] : Ill., Kt
    ISBN: 0856650250
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  • 60
    Call number: ZSP-697/B
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉 [Rezul'taty issledovanij po mezdunarodnym geofiziceskim proektam / 9 / Gljaciologija i sejsmologija]
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉 [Rezul'taty issledovanij po mezdunarodnym geofiziceskim proektam / Gljaciologiceskie issledovanija]
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  • 61
    Call number: AWI G8-90-0186
    In: Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Astronomiceskogo Instituta Imeni P. K. Sternberga
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Catalogue d'ascensions droites dé 589 etoiles de la liste FKSZ (1953-1958) rameneés au systeme FK4 / L. M. Hommik. - Observations d'ascensions droites de 1323 étoiles KSZ dans la zone de dèclinaisons (+60° - +90°) / T. S. Meshkova. - Observations de declinaisons des étoiles KSZ (+60°-+90°) au cercle méridien repsold de Moscou / A. G. Oborneva. - Catalogue d'ascesions droites et de declinaisons des etoiles KSZ comprises dans la zone (+60°-+90°) / T. S. Meshkova et A. G. Oborneva. - Absolute proper motions of 407 Am and Ap stars / D. K. Karimova and E. D. Pavloskaya. - Catalogue of astrometric standards for determination of the value of a revolution of the micrometer screw of zenith-telescopes / L. P. Basurmanoca-Gribko. - The catalogue of the declinations of Moscow PZT stars / D. N. Ponomarev. - A catalogue of the right ascensions of 248 stars observed with the PZT of the Moscow Observatory during 1963-1965 / A. A. Tochilina. - The catalog of the gravity stations in Antarctic / N. P. Grushinsky, E. D. Korjakin, P. A. Stroev, G. E. Lasarev, D. V. Sidorov, N. F. Virskaja
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 311 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
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  • 62
    Call number: AWI G7-90-0150
    In: Icefield ranges research project
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Editors' Preface. - Steele Glacier ,1935-1968 by Waiter A. Wood. - Kluane Lake Map Area (abstract) by J. E. Muller. - Geology of the Wolf Creek Area, St. Elias Range by Robert P. Sharp. - Movement Observations on theTerminus Area of the Steele Glacier by S. Thomson. - Comparison of Moraines Formed by Surging and Normal Glaciers by Nathaniel W. Rutter. - Some Aspects of the Geomorphology of Meltwater Streams, Steele Glacier by A. J. Broscoe. - Observations on an Alpine Mudflow, Steele Creek by A. J. Broscoe and S.Thomson. - Observations of the Surge of Steele Glacier by A. D. Stanley. - The Ice-Dam, Powder-Flow Theory of Glacier Surges by Lawrence B. Nielsen. - Summary of Rusty Glacier Mass-Balance Study, 1968 by Thomas Brewer. - Some Results of the Hydrological Investigation of the Rusty Glacier Basin by Theodorik Faber. - Gravity and Shallow-Ice Temperature Measurements on the Rusty Glacier by David J. Crossley and Garry K. C. Clarke. - Thermal Drilling and Deep-IceTemperature Measurements on the Rusty Glacier by David F. Classen and Garry K. C. Clarke. - Abundances of Isotopic Species of Water in the St. Elias Mountains by K. E. West and H. R. Krause. - Snow Accumulation in the Icefield Ranges by Melvin G. Marcus and Richard H. Ragle. - The Reflection Characteristics of Radio Waves on the Surface of a Subarctic Glacier in Summer by Takeo Yoshino. - Supraglacial Streams of the Kaskawulsh Glacier by Karen J. Ewing. -Infrared Radiometric Temperatures in the Alpine / Periglacial Environment as Related to Thermal Remote Sensing by Ray Lougeay. - Up-Heaved Blocks: A Curious Feature of Instability in the Tundra by Larry W. Price. - The Sedimentology of a Braided River by Peter F. Williams and Brian R. Rust. - Vegetation, Microtopography, and Depth of Active Layer on Different Exposures in Subarctic Alpine Tundra by Larry W. Price. - A Checklist of Vascular Plants from the Icefield Ranges Research Project Area at Kluane Lake by James A. Neilson. - New and Important Additions to the Flora of the Southwest Yukon by James A. Neilson. - Behavior Study of the Arctic Ground Squirrel by Betsy Jo Lincoln. - Geomorphic Effect of the Arctic Ground Squirrel in an Alpine Environment by Larry W. Price. - Pesticide Residues in Selected Yukon Mammals by Donal W. Halloran and Arthur M. Pearson
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IX, 259 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
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  • 63
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    København : Reitzel
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI K-93-0076(Erl-H.)
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Description / Table of Contents: The Geological Map of East Greenland, 72°-76° N lat. (1 : 250 000), is the culminating result of Lauge Koch's expeditions from 1926 to 1958. A representative segment of the East Greenland Caledonides dominates the map area. Orogenic activity climaxed in the late Silurian, waned through the Devonian and terminated in the Permian. Deposition of post-Caledonian shelf sediments began with the transgression of the Upper Permian and continued with a few breaks into the Upper Cretaceous. During this period tensional tectonics gradually broke up the shelf into a series of antithetically rotated fault blocks. Regional uplift and erosion initiated the early Tertiary history of East Greenland which was swiftly followed by the eruption of plateau basalts, the intrusion of dykes and sills, and the emplacement of plutonic centres.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 26 S.
    ISBN: 8742100453
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 183
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  • 64
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, N.H. : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-297
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Glenn Creek watershed. - Location. - Topography. - Geology, soils and permafrost. - Climate. - Vegetation. - Data collection. - Precipitation. - Stream flow. - Air temperature and relative humidity. - Water temperature. - Evaporation. - Snow surveys. - Depth of thaw. - Dissolved solids. - Hydrology. - Introduction. - General channel description. - Hydraulic geometry. - Characteristics of hydrographs. - Sources of streamflow. - Attempts at flow separation. - Hydrograph modeling. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Summary of permafrost probe observations, Glenn Creek watershed.. - Appendix B: Water-holding and-transmitting properties of moss. - Appendix C: Summary of hydraulic geometry data from 1964 discharge measurements. - Appendix D: Summary of data used in computing recession constants.
    Description / Table of Contents: The results of a four-summer (1964-1967) hydrologic study of the watershed of Glenn Creek, about 8 miles north of Fairbanks, Alaska, in the Yukon-Tanana uplands physiographic province, are presented. This work was initiated to provide initial baseline hydrologic data for a small subar ctic watershed, the first of its kind in North America. Standard hydrologic and meteorologic instrumentation was used, and streamflow characteristics were analyzed by standard hydrograph-analysis techniques. The stream is second-order, and drains an area of 0.70 square mile. Basin elevations are from 842 ft to 1618 ft. In regard to topography, geology, soils, permafrost, vegetation, and climate, the watershed seems to be representative of low-order, low-elevation drainage basins in the province. Analysis of rainfall-runoff data indicates that about half the 12.3-in. normal annual precipitation is runoff. The remainder is the actual evapotranspiration , which equals only about 30% of estimated potential evapotranspiration. For individual storms, runoff/rainfall proportions were from 0.03 to 0.42 and were positively correlated with antecedent discharge of the stream, which is a measure of watershed wetness. The stream responds rapidly to rainstorms except when the basin is very dry, and has markedly slow recessions compared with temperate region streams of similar size. Rate of recessions is apparentlv controlled by concurrent evapotranspiration rates. Analysis of hydrographs and knowledge of the physical characteristics of the basin indicate that storm runoff occurs initially as surface runoff from bare soil areas adjacent to the stream, while recessions are dominated by a combination of tunnel flow beneath moss-covered parts of the basins and typical groundwater flow through the moss and soils. Peak discharges for individual storms could be well estimated by an equation including antecedent discharge, total precipitation and storm duration, and average recession constant. These results represent the first detailed hydrologic data from the discontinuous permafrost zone of the North American taiga and should be of significance to the International Hydrological Decade and International Biological Program.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 111 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 297
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Call number: ZSP-594/A-9
    In: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
    Description / Table of Contents: Multiplicity measurements using the NM-64 neutron monitor have been carried out continuously at Syowa Station, Antarctica, and concurrently once a year along a definite sea-level route between Japan and Syowa Station. The Syowa data obtained during the period from March 1967 to February 1969 are analyzed, together with those from the first two of the latitude surveys which are in progress since 1966. The barometric coefficient and the rigidity response function of the cosmic-ray neutron component are derived as a function of multiplicities from m=1 to m≥6. The multiplicity spectrum is investigated in the cases of the cosmic modulation phenomena such as solar proton event, Forbush decrease and diurnal variation. It is shown that the barometric coefficients and the magnitudes of intensity variations as observed in the solar proton and Forbush decrease events are decreasing with increasing multiplicity, while no significant multiplicity effect is recognized in the diurnal variation. A possibility of distinguishing the various modulation spectra of the primary cosmic radiation on the basis of the multiplicity measurements is examined quantitatively. By taking into account the behavior of higher multiplicities and the accuracy in low rigidity part of the differential response functions, the limitation of the NM-64 neutron monitor in the multiplicity work is discussed.
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    Pages: 40 S.
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition : Scientific reports : Series A, Aeronomy 9
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  • 66
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-274
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - The ice/ice interface. - The ice/air interface. - The silicate/water/silicate interface. - The silicate/water/ice interface. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Interfacial regions in frozen soils are of the following types: ice/ice (grain boundary) ice/water/air, silicate/water/silicate (interlamellar) and silicate/water /ice (extralamellar). For the last, the mid-portion of the interfacial region should be regarded as a liquid-like solution of the ionic and undissociated substances sorbed by the interface and expelled from the ice during freezing. The interfacial forces operative in these regions result in distinct differences in the properties and behavior of the interfacial water, compared with water in bulk; but, in spite of strong interfacial forces, the interfacial water exhibits liquid-like mobility in its response to many kinds of driving forces. From the evidence and arguments considered, it is concluded that distinctly different zones of orientational order can be distinguished within the interfacial regions. For an advancing silicate/water/ice interface it is proposed that there is a zone of strong perturbation and disorder immediately proximate to silicate surfaces in which the protons of water molecules are partially delocalized; this makes them more easily dissociated. Two or three molecular diameters removed from the silicate surface the interfacial forces operative there combine to create a zone of enhanced order in the molecular configurations. At some farther distance, depending upon the temperature below freezing, it is suggested that there exists a disordered transition zone proximate to the ice surface as portrayed in Drost-Hansen's model. It is suggested that future investigations will contribute refinements in the model and will uncover still further complexities in the various interfaces mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 274
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Call number: ZSP-202-326
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part I
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 326
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Principle of the IR scanner. - Advantages of mobile infrared thermography. - Discussion of field measurements. - Recommendations for future work on thermography of buildings. - Other potential applications of infrared thermography of buildings. - Appendix A: Thermograms of northern exposure of USA CRREL building. - Appendix B: Sample thermograms of heat loss survey at Pease Air Force Base. -Appendix C: Sample thermograms of heat loss survey at Dartmouth College. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A method to assess quickly the insulation effectiveness of buildings using mobile infrared thermography has been developed at USA CRREL. In contrast to the infrared thermography done in Sweden, this method concentrates on obtaining useful data by measuring the outside surface temperature of structures. This report outlines the basic principles involved in these measurements, and discusses field measurements and the inherent advantages of infrared thermography. Typical thermograms are presented in the appendixes.
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    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 326
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-291
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Study lake. - Previous work at Post Pond. - Methods and procedures. - Results and discussion. - Summer stratification. - Autumnal mixing and thermocline disappearance. - Winter period of ice cover. - Spring circulation. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Ice sample analysis. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The temperature structure of Post Pond, a small (46.6 hectares), mid-latitude, dimictic lake in west-central New Hampshire, was studied during autumn,winter and spring of 1968-1969. The lake was instrumented over its maximum depth (11.7 m) with a string of 24 thermocouples which recorded hourly temperatures. Temperatures in 9 m of sediments underlying the lake were measured with a thermistor probe. Secondary and tertiary thermocline development in the epilimnion occurred during short warming periods in the early autumn. The autumn overturn lasted 25 days, whereas the spring overturn lasted only 4 days. The entire lake mixed isothermally in the autumn to 3.2°C. During the period of ice cover, the lower 5 m of water gained approximately 51.5 cal/cm^2, which was supplied by stored heat in the bottom sediments. A steady-state thermal gradient of 0.07°C/m was found for the deeper sediments underlying the lake during ice cover. Late winter cooling of bottom water under the ice cover may be the result of snowmelt in areas adjacent to the lake causing activation of groundwater influx. Melting of the clear ice portion of the ice cover was primarily the result of heat supplied to the lake from snowmelt water, and occurred on the underside of the ice sheet. Thermal instability of the water mass persisted for 9 days during peak snowmelt runoff; this can be partially explained by an increase in dissolved solids with depth.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 291
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-307
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Part 1.The concept of isotropy clarified by the introduction of non-coaxial mechanics. - Part 2. Systematization of the theory of plasticity with indefinite angle of non-coaxiality. - Analysis of stress. - Analysis of strain-rate. - Principle of partial coincidence. - Strain-rate characteristic directions. - Equations for practical use. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.The sense of the [Sigma],[Gamma] coordinate system. - Appendix B. Another derivation of the equations of velocity components. - Appendix C. Equations of velocity components in stress characteristic directions.
    Description / Table of Contents: One of the difficulties that have hampered the development of the mathematical theory of soil plasticity was recently overcome by Mandl and Luque. They showed that the non-coaxiality of the principal axes of a stress tensor and a strain-rate tensor can occur only in plane deformation. Their assumption that the angle of non-coaxiality should be a material constant cannot be supported, however. The angle of noncoaxiality should be determined so that the solution to the given problem can exist. It is demonstrated in one of the examples in this paper that a well-known solution in which the angle of non-coaxiality is assumed to be zero does violate the assumed boundary condition. The theory was reorganized bv using new insights given by Mandl and Luque. It is concluded that still missing is one condition that enables us to determine the angle of non-coaxiality as a function of space.
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    Pages: iii, 31 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 307
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Oslo : Univ. Press [in Komm.]
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-597-151
    In: Skrifter
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 48 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Skrifter / Norsk Polarinstitutt 151
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  • 71
    Call number: ZSP-592-3
    In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 83 p. : Ill
    Series Statement: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research : Special issue 3
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  • 72
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : National Science Foundation
    Call number: AWI P1-12-0064
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword. - Antarctic Conversation: prospects and retrospects. - Why preserve the Antarctic?. - Trace substances in the Antarctic atmosphere. - Limiting the contamination of virgin surfaces of firn by engine exhausts from nearby traverses and overflights. - Concentrations of heavy metals in some Antarctic and North American sea birds. - Chlorinated hydrocarbons in Antarctic birds. - Toward an understanding of community resilience and the potential effects of enrichments to the benthos at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. - Radioactive contamination in the Antarctic. - Ecological constraints by stresses. - Understanding the Antarctic marine ecosystem: a prerequisite for its conservation. - Conservation of freshwater habitats on the Antarctic peninsula. - The need for conservation of freshwater enrichments. - The occurrence of aquatic fungi in Victoria Land and Ross Island. - Preserving the scientific value of cold dessert ecosystems: past and present practices and a rationale for the future. - Need for the conservation of terrestrial vegetation in the subantarctic. - Sanitation and waste disposal in Antarctica. - A proposal for the construction of a model Antarctic base. - Pollution in Antarctica: I. The Island Stations with remarks on some emerging psycho-ecological viewpoints. - Pollution and conservation of the Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. - Work Group summaries. - Appendices. - Agreed measures for the conservation of Antarctic seals, from Conference for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, London, 3-10 February, 1972
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 356 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
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  • 73
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: AWI G7-86-0297
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 122 S. : Ill.
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  • 74
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Gotha [u.a.] : Haack
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI A3-13-0006
    In: Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhaltsübersicht: Vorwort. - Einleitung. - I. Klimaklassifikation. - II. Teilklassifikationen. - III. Betrachtung des Gesamtproblems. - IV. Vergleich einiger Klassifikationen. - Zusammenfassung. - Literaturverzeichnis
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 78 S. : graph. Darst. + 10 Kt
    Edition: 2. Aufl.
    Series Statement: Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen : Ergänzungsheft 249
    Language: German
    Note: INHALTSÜBERSICHT: Vorwort. - EINLEITUNG. - I. KLIMAKLASSIFIKATIONEN. - 1. Großräumige Einteilungen. - 2. Einteilungen in Pflanzenreiche. - 3. Klassifikationen nach natürlichen Landschaften. - 4. Klassifikationen nach wirtschaftsgeographischen Gesichtspunkten. - 5. Klassifikationen nach hydrologischen Gesichtspunkten. - 6. Klassifikationen ohne schärfere Abgrenzung. - 7. Klassifikationen auf Grund der Beziehungen zwischen Klima und Pflanzenleben. - 8. Klassifikationen auf Grund eines Index. - 9. Klassifikationen auf Grund von Abgrenzungen durch meteorologische Schwellenwerte (z. T. unter Verwendung besonderer Indices). - 10. Klassifikation auf Grund von Luftmassen. - 11. Einteilungen der Windsysteme der Erde. - 12. Klimagramme. - 13. Graphische Methoden. - 14. Klassifikationsvorschläge nach biologischen und morphologisch-geologischen Gesichtspunkten. - 15. Reine Klimabeschreibungen. - II. TEILKLASSIFIKATIONEN. - 1. Abgrenzung einzelner Klimate. - (1) Allgemein. - (2) Kontinentalität und Ozeanität. - α) Nach Temperaturwerten. - β) Nach Niederschlagswerten. - γ) Nach verschiedenartigen Werten. - δ) Nach Luftkörpern. - (3) Trockengrenzen. - (4) Tropen. - (5) Gebirge. - (6) Geographisch benannte Klimate. - (7) Baumklimate. - (8) Agrarklimate. - 2. Klassifikationen von Teilen der Erdoberfläche. - 3. Ermittlung bestimmter für die Klassifikationen wesentlicher Klimagrößen. - (1) Verdunstung. - (2) Reduzierte Regenmengen. - (3) Relative Temperaturen. - (4) Effektiver Niederschlag und aktive Temperatur. - (5) Jahresgangzahlen. - III. BETRACHTUNG DES GESAMTPROBLEMS. - 1. Begriffsbestimmungen. - (1) Verschiedene Stellungnahmen. - (2) Zusammenfassender Vorschlag. - (3) Betrachtung einzelner Klassifikationen hinsichtlich der gewählten Begriffe. - 2. Grundlagen für die Benennung der Klimate. - 3. Zur Methodik der Klassifikation. - (1) Allgemein. - α) Verschiedene Stellungnahmen. - β) Welche Klimate sollen klassifiziert werden?. - γ) Wie soll die Klassifikation erfolgen?. - (2) Die einzelnen Klassifikationselemente. - (3) Einzelwerte und Mittelwerte. - IV. VERGLEICH EINIGER KLASSIFIKATIONEN. - 1. Verschiedene Stellungnahmen. - 2. Vergleich mittels kartenmäßiger Darstellungen. - ZUSAMMENFASSUNG. - LITERATURVERZEICHNIS. - Verzeichnis der Räume mit kartierten Klimaten. - ZEHN KLIMAKARTEN VON EUROPA (BEILAGE):1. nach Supan (1916). - 2. nach Hettner (1930). - 3. nach Köppen-Geiger (1928). - 4. nach Philippson (1933). - 5. nach Philippson (1933). - 6. nach v. Wißmann (1939). - 7. nach Blair (1949). - 8. nach Gorczyński (1945). - 9. nach Thornthwaite (1933). - 10. nach Creutzburg (1950).
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  • 75
    Call number: AWI G7-84-0847
    In: Katalog dannych i publikacij po Arktike i Antarktike
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 158 S.
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  • 76
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Tokyo : National Science Museum, Polar Section
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-594/E-31
    In: Japanese Antarctic research expedition
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 51 S. : Ill.
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic research expedition : Scientific reports : Series E, Biology 31
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  • 77
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-244
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Summer temperature data. - Station network and history. - Parameters for data reduction. - Analysis of summer temperatures. - Temperature trends. - Summer temperatures in the highlands. - Lapse rates for summer temperatures. - Spatial variation of summer temperatures. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Annual degree-day summations over bases of 43°F and 50°F in 15-day periods from May through August are given for the period of record for five interior Alaska climatic stations. Average temperature and precipitation data are included. Patterns of summer temperature in interior Alaska are analyzed in terms of historical, elevational and areal differences. Since 1900, summer temperatures show little long-term change but significant short-term changes. In contrast, winter temperatures show considerable fluctuations, which are reflected in mean annual temperatures to a much greater degree than are summer temperature fluctuations. Average summer lapse rates for the 1600 to 3300 and 3300 to 6600-ft levels were 3.4 and 3.7°F/1000 ft, respectively, based on timberline temperature observations and on upper air data from Fairbanks. Correlation analysis of daily and monthly average July temperatures indicates areas of uniformity with respect to temperature variation. This provides information on lowland climatic stations that are representative of highland locations, especially the Yukon-Tanana Uplands
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 244
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    Series available for loan
    Tokyo : Polar Section, National Science Museum
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-594/E-30
    In: Japanese Antarctic research expedition
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 21 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic research expedition : Scientific Reports : Series E, Biology 30
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  • 79
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Tokyo : Polar Research Center, National Science Museum
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-594/A-10
    In: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
    Description / Table of Contents: A meridian scanning photometer was designed for investigating the time and space variations of auroral luminosity. With the aid of the quick-scan auroral photometer data of more than 300 clear night hours recorded at Syowa Station, Antarctica (geomagnetic lat. 69.6°S, long. 77.1°E), the following problems are studied: (1) space and time variation of auroral displays, (2) magnetic field variations associated with the space-time auroral displays, (3) relationships among auroras, magnetic field disturbance, magnetic pulsations, VLF hiss, VLF chorus and GNA during the course of substorms. Various kinds of morphological evidence obtained through the above investigations show that a polar substorm consists of the breakup phase and the post-breakup phase. The breakup phase is characterized by a sudden intensification of auroral arc(s) or band(s) and a rapid poleward movement of the intensified aurora(s) with speed of about 1 km/s (Breakup type aurora). The post-breakup phase is defined as diffused auroras or rays which still remain after the intense breakup type aurora(s) have passed away polewards (Post-breakup type aurora). Generally, the post-breakup aurora(s) move towards the equator side. A breakup type aurora is accompanied by a sharp pulsative geomagnetic disturbance (Breakup magnetic disturbance), while a post-breakup type aurora by a gradual negative bay-shape disturbance (Post-breakup magnetic disturbance). It seems that the sharp pulsative disturbance moves polewards together with the moving breakup aurora, while the gradual negative bay stays with the associated post-breakup aurora(s). Thus, the auroral electrojet can also be classified into AEJ-1, which is an intense and narrow electrojet moving together with the breakup aurora, and AEJ-2, which is a comparatively broad and weak electrojet associated with the post-breakup aurora(s). The auroral breakup phase is accompanied not only by a sharp pulsative geomagnetic disturbance but also by VLF hiss emissions, ULF emissions of PiB type and a sharp CNA phenomenon, while the post-breakup aurora is accompanied by a gradual geo-magnetic bay, a gradual, weak CNA, VLF chorus emissions and ULF emissions of PiC type. With reference to 'the space-time variations in auroras associated with geomagnetic perturbations at Syowa Station, an overall physical picture of dynamic auroral behaviors over the entire polar region is given, as a conclusion.
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    Pages: 76 S. : Ill., graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition : Scientific reports : Series A, Aeronomy 10
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  • 80
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-279
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Basic equations. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Finite difference approximation. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Boundary conditions. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A finite difference method for predicting the effect of shock waves on a circular cylindrical cavity in elastic-plastic media was studied. A two-dimensional Lagrangean code was found quite satisfactory. Attenuation of the shock waves through the cavity and the deformation of the cavity wall were discussed.
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    Pages: v, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 279
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  • 81
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    Call number: ZSP-202-237
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Experimental arrangement. - Wave propagation in anisotropic material. - Wave propagation in transversely isotropic media. - Wave propagation in the crystal aggregate. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Detailed ultrasonic velocity measurements were made on snow and ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica in order to study velocity anisotropy and its relationship to the petrofabric analysis of these cores. In addition, ultrasonic velocities were measured in the near-surface snow layers at Byrd Station and South Pole Station, Antarctica, to provide a detailed velocity profile in the region of the ice sheet where the velocity is greatly influenced by the snow structure. The experimental arrangement, including the design of equipment, measurement errors, techniques, and problems encountered in the study, is discussed. The theory of wave propagation in a general anisotropic medium is reviewed and a detailed presentation of this theory, concerning transversely isotropic media, is given. A method is developed for calculating a theoretical velocity model from the petrofabric analysis of the ice cores, thus providing a means of testing the theory with field and laboratory observations. Based on a comparison of the field and laboratory observations with the theoretical predictions, these conclusions were made: 1) the surface snow layers act as a high-frequency-cut filter on sonic wave propagation; 2) there is good agreement between the theoretical velocity models based on the petrofabric ice core analysis and the observed seismic and ultrasonic shear-wave velocity observations, but poorer agreement with the compressional wave velocities; 3) there is good agreement between the theoretical ray path calculations and the observed data in the near-surface anisotropic snow layers; 4) acoustic birefringence is demonstrated in the single ice crystal and observed in the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica; and 5) the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica display varying degrees of anisotropy. Three possible zones of anisotropy in the ice sheets include a) a near-surface layer with marked transverse structural isotropy, b) an intermediate layer with slight transverse isotropy due to weak vertical crystal orientations, and c) deep layers displaying high degrees of anisotropy due to strongly oriented petrofabrics. In zone (a) the anisotropy is due to the snow structure, in zone (b) the crystals may orient preferentially in response to a nonhydrostatic stress condition, and in zone (c) the strong crystal orientations may be caused by high shear stresses at the base of the ice cap.
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    Pages: IV, 58 S. : graph. Darst.
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  • 82
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    Call number: ZSP-202-273
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Background. - Physical characteristics of snow. - Mechanical behavior of snow. - Failure mechanism of snow. - Description of experimental work. - Method. - Preparation of test samples. - Test apparatus and equipment. - Procedure. - Results and discussion. - Mechanical properties of test samples. - Experimental results. - Summary, conclusions, and recommendations. - Literature cited. - Selected bibliography. - Appendix A. Development of theoretical equations. - Appendix B. Test data and calculations. - Appendix C. Selected, representative photographs. - Appendix D. Schedule of tests performed. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of a study performed on the behavior, particularly the deformation, of snow under a load applied to a rigid plate at a constant rate of penetration. The results will eventually be used in the development of design criteria for snow roads, runways, and foundations in the polar regions. The tests were conducted on snow samples having a high width/length ratio, simulating a two-dimensional case. The effect of snow density, plate size, and pressure on the deformation of snow below the load was investigated. The pressure-sinkage relationships and the bearing strength as functions of density were also investigated. It was determined that density, in the range 0.3 to 0.6 g/cm^3, can be used as a reasonably reliable index for predicting deformation and behavior of snow under load. In general, the critical pressure (bearing strength) increased as a power function of density, and critical sinkage decreased as a power function of density. It was also observed that the deformation bulb resembled the typical Boussinesq stress bulb. The experimental pressure-sinkage relationships agreed closely with recently developed theoretical values. For the range of plate sizes used, the test data did not provide conclusive evidence of the effect of plate size on deformation and bearing capacity of snow. The possibility of using the Moire fringe method for determing deformation patterns in snow and soils under various loading conditions should be investigated.
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    Pages: iv, 67 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 273
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  • 83
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    Call number: ZSP-202-327
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Theory of formation, growth and precipitation of ice crystals. - Fog characteristics. - Liquid water content. - Size distribution of liquid water droplets. - Results and discussion. - Sudden expansion system. - Continuous flow. - Conclusions and recommendations. - Conclusions. - Recommendations. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two compressed air systems for glaciating supercooled clouds were studied in the laboratory. The first system used the sudden expansion of compressed air and was found to be most efficient at 27 psig producing an average of 5.2 x 10^8 ice crystals per cm^3 of air. The second system used a continuous flow of air through nozzles of various designs, of which the supersonic nozzle was found to be the most efficient, producing a maximum of 2.5 x 10^8 crystals per cm^3 of air at 27 psig. The above data were obtained at an ambient temperature of -4°C, but data for other temperatures and pressures were obtained and are presented in the text.
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    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 327
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  • 84
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-261
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper considers a load moving with a constant velocity across an ice sheet that is floating on water. The ice sheet is assumed to be an isotropic, elastic, thin plate extending to infinity. The water is assumed to be inviscous, incompressible, and of a constant depth. The dynamic equations describing this ice-water system are solved for the steady state solution. Both a concentrated load and a uniform load distributed over a circular area are considered. The velocity which causes resonance is determined. The deflection and stress directly under the load are numerically evaluated.
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    Pages: ii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 261
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  • 85
    Call number: ZSP-202-324
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Resistivities of earth materials. - Dependence of resistivity on soil type. - Relation between resistivity and water content. - Dependence of resistivity on temperature. - Dependence of resistivity on ice content. - Resistivity of rocks. - Theory and method. - The E-phase system. - Calibration. - Analogue recorder. - Magnetic recorder. - Flight path recovery camera. - Altimeter. - Data reduction. - Horizontal control. - Computation of apparent resistivity. - Computer processing of data. - Plotting and contouring of data. - Filtering of E-phase data. - Problem areas of the E-phase technique. - Horizontal control. - Zero error. - Interference. - Ground control in study areas. - Computer modeling of resistivity profiles in central Alaska. - Results. - Goldstream site. - Site 2. - Chena Hot Springs Road. - Moose Creek Dam. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Airborne resistivity methods using radio waves in three frequency bands were tested in the vicinity of Fairbanks, Alaska. The test sites were selected because much ground control is available for this area. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of these methods to map permafrost and other soils and to investigate the advantages of multifrequency mapping. Investigations in permafrost regions for such geotechnical endeavors as route selection for roads and pipelines and site investigation for building and dam construction often require that a careful assessment be made of the presence or absence of frozen ground, of the ice content of frozen ground, and of the depth of frozen ground. The airborne resistivity data obtained in this study were contoured and the contour maps were compared with surficial geological maps and other ground truth data available. The following conclusions were reached: 1) in areas where the near surface sediments are relatively uniform; VLF resistivity best delineates permafrost; and 2) in areas where surface sediments vary widely (e.g., recent flood plains), resistivity at all frequencies gives little information on permafrost conditions, but provides other important information, such as bedrock type, depth to bedrock, soil type and layering.
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    Pages: v, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 324
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  • 86
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    Call number: ZSP-202-323
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - The problem. - Reduction to ordinary differential equations. - General solution. - The first solution. - The second solution. - The third solution. - Determination of h(t). - Numerical computation. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Herewith presented is the rigorous solution of the freezeback of water in a cylindrical borehole drilled in an ice sheet floating on water, based on the assumption that the temperature distribution does not depend on the vertical direction and the temperature of the water in the borehole is the freezing temperature. The solution is found by using the thickness of the newborn ice in place of time. Because of the complexity of the analysis, the solution can be found only for the first few terms of the series solution. Numerical computation of the solution thus found by use of the first few terms of the series solution yields the growth curve of the newborn ice that reaches maximum at a certain time. The solution ceases to be valid before the time of maximum is reached.
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    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 323
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  • 87
    Call number: ZSP-202-322
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results. - Discussion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Previous studies indicated that when water-ice phase composition curves are normalized to unit surface area, the unfrozen water content values at given temperatures for the kaolinite/water system are higher than those of other soils and soil constituents. The water-ice phase composition curve for this system has been redetermined using an improved isothermal calorimeter and the earlier curve confirmed. For most soils, water-ice phase composition curves are well represented by a simple power curve. In contrast, the layer-lattice silicate/water systems so far investigated behave differently; segments of two power curves are required to fit the data. Values of unfrozen water content per unit surface area (determined by ethylene glycol adsorption) for the kaolinite/water systems are more than twice as large as those for the two representative montmorillonite/water systems investigated.
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    Pages: iii, 10 Seiten Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 322
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  • 88
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    Call number: ZSP-202-320
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Summary. - lntroduction. - 1. Sources and effects of cadmium in the environment: a brief review. - Sources of cadmium. - Health aspects of cadmium pollution. - Air pollution by cadmium. - Water pollution by cadmium. - Cadmium in soils. - Effect of cadmium on sewage treatment processes. - 2. The interaction of cadmium with some native New Hampshire soils. - Introduction. - Materials and methods. - Results and discussion. - Reversibility. - Conclusions. - Suggestions for further research. - 3. The flow of cadmium through soils: an experimental method. - Introduction. - Design criteria and detector performance. - Mathematical analysis of curves. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A brief review of the literature on cadmium in the environment, with emphasis on its role in soils and water, is presented. Experimentally, the interaction of cadmium with two soils and one naturally occurring zeolite was examined using calcium-saturated and potassium-saturated samples. The soils preferentially bound cadmium in the presence of either calcium or potassium with decreasing cadmium selectivity as the fractional cadmium surface coverage increased. Cadmium sorption was relatively higher with the potassium soils as compared with the calcium soils. For the loamy fine sand this increase was accounted for by electroselectivity principles, while such reasoning was inadequate to explain the increases observed with the Charleton loam sample. The preference for cadmium over calcium, as measured by the selectivity coefficient, was higher for the sandy soil. The zeolite was found to be calcium-selective. A method for monitoring the flow of cadmium through soil columns was examined. The use of spatial filtering, involving Fourier transforms, was found to be a suitable technique for monitoring the changes in cadmium concentration as it flows through soils. The experimental technique involves the use of gamma-emitting metal isotopes in conjunction with an external scintillation counter; thus the soil column remains undisturbed and may be used for several experiments.
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    Pages: v, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 320
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  • 89
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    Call number: ZSP-202-321
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Tensile strength apparatus. - Synthesis of linear polyurethane. - Tensile strength of polyurethane films. - Preparation of films and technique of measuring tensile strength. - Results. - Effect of N02 on polyurethane films. - Stiffness testers. - Static apparatus. - Experimental results. - Dynamic "stiffness" tester. - Summary. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A tensile strength, a static and a dynamic stiffness tester have been constructed for measuring appropriate mechanical properties of polymers as a function of temperature, environmental conditions (i.e. air plus NO2, O3, etc. or of the pollutants alone), exposure time and pollutant concentration. The apparatus were found to perform satisfactorily. The dynamic stiffness tester is particularly sensitive to the onset of cracking in polymeric materials due to ozone. The tensile strength of linear polyurethane was affected appreciably by NO2 alone and also by NO2 in presence of air. Chain scission cross-linking, evolution of CO2 and other small molecular weight compounds, and formation of nitro and nitroso groups along the polymer backbone are reactions underlying the observed changes in mechanical properties of the polymer. The static "stiffness" tester allows one to measure "stiffness" (Young's modulus) of polymers (especially elastomers) as a function of the above-mentioned parameters. A preliminary selection of polymeric skirting materials for SEV's can be made on the basis of results obtained as functions of temperature. Two industrial samples appeared to be suitable for this purpose on the basis of results obtained. "Stiffness" of these samples started to increase rapidly only at -40°C and -30°C whereas others became brittle at higher temperatures. The dynamic stiffness tester was tested with a natural rubber compound because of its susceptibility to ozone. Onset of cracking was accurately and clearly indicated by this instrument. An EPM compound proved quite resistant to ozone over prolonged periods of time. Time did not allow tests to be comipleted on all the compounds supplied by industry.
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    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 321
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  • 90
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    Call number: ZSP-202-318
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Drilling and field observations. - Interpretation. - Implications for the feasibility study. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two holes were drilled through the Greenland ice sheet during 1973 and temperature measurements were made in one hole drilled during 1972. These measurements show that the area of liquid water beneath the ice cap extends to ice depths as shallow as 100 m. The consequences of removing the frozen margin of glacial ice could be serious and more temperature measurements are needed to exactly locate the subglacial water. Petrographic studies of a few ice cores revealed a strongly oriented crystal fabric and an appreciable surface accumulation of superimposed ice.
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    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 318
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  • 91
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    Call number: ZSP-202-319
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Previous studies. - The central Alaska region. - Suitability of selected study area. - Data availability. - General winter climatic conditions. - Winter air masses and fronts. - Northern Hemisphere sources. - Air masses affecting Alaska. - Air mass modifications and resulting weather. - Winter fronts. - Frequency and movement of fronts. - Effects of locations of fronts. - Results of fronts. - Climatic data. - Source material. - Precipitation types and descriptions. - Data reduction procedures. - Data analysis. - Precipitation frequency. - Number of storms and their duration. - Concurrent climatic conditions. - Air masses, fronts and climatic relationships. - Snow and snow showers. - Rain and freezing rain. - Water droplet fog and ice fog. - Drifting and blowing snow. - Conclusions and discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The physical, meteorological and climatological aspects of freezing precipitation in the Tanana River Basin of central Alaska are examined. Periods of inclement weather are evaluated with respect to frequency and duration, and concurrent temperature, wind, atmospheric pressure and visibility conditions. Although relatively dry polar continental air masses dominate the area in winter, massive intrusions of maritime air occasionally produce a major snow storm and, in rare instances, rain or freezing rain. Because of the surrounding mountain ranges, snow occurs most often when the atmospheric pressure is rising and the winds are from the west. Ice fogs are observed at temperatures below -21 F, and very few water-droplet fogs are reported at temperatures below -31°F. The relationships between air masses, fronts and local climatic influences may be used in forecasting winter precipitation in central Alaska. The statistical survey presented also contributes new information on winter weather conditions in this region.
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    Pages: v, 51 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 319
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  • 92
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    Call number: ZSP-202-311
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Notation. - Introduction. - Review of observations. - Review of theory. - Water flow through textured layers. - Water flow past semipermeable layers. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The flow of water through layered snowpacks is discussed. A method for predicting flow through unsaturated layers is given. The flow along ice layers and through ice layers is analyzed in terms of the slope, permeability, thickness and length of the layers. It is shown that the permeability of ice layers required to cause large flow diversions is quite small. The effect of slope is large even at small angles.
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    Pages: v, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 311
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  • 93
    Call number: ZSP-202-315
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Part 1:Mesoscale strain measurements on the Beaufort Sea pack ice. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Previous work. - Site location. - Results. - Correlation of synoptic aerial photography with measured strains. - Correlation of estimated wind stress and strain. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part II: Structure of a multiyear pressure ridge. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Profiles. - Internal properties. - Largest ridge sail. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part III: Top and bottom roughness of a multiyear ice floe. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Results. - Literature cited. - Part IV:Airphoto analysis of ice deformation in the Beaufort Sea Abstract. - Introduction. - Study area. - Method of analysis. - Ice deformations. - Net deformational changes. - Pressure ridge distribution. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part V: Data on morphological and physical characteristics of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea.
    Description / Table of Contents: Mesoscale strain measurements on the Beaufort Sea pack ice; Structure of a multiyear pressure ridge; Top and bottom roughness of a multiyear ice floe; Airphoto analysis of ice deformation in the Beaufort Sea; Data on morphological and physical characteristics of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea.
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    Pages: iii, 66 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 315
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  • 94
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    Call number: ZSP-202-313
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Funicular regime. - Grain growth. - Grain contacts. - Densification. - Pendular regime. - Discussion and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Grain growth, bond growth and densification of wet snow are described in terms of the distribution of equilibrium temperature in the snow matrix. At high water saturations the equilibrium temperature increases with grain size; hence, small particles melt away as large particles grow. Melting also occurs at the intergrain bonds, causing a low strength and rapid densification. At low saturations the equilibrium temperature is determined by the capillary pressure and the particle sizes have only a second order effect. Therefore, grain growth proceeds slowly and, even at large overburden pressures, no intergrain melting occurs. At low saturations the water "tension" acts through a finite area, thus large attractive forces exist between the grains, and the strength of the snow matrix is large.
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    Pages: v, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 313
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  • 95
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    Call number: ZSP-202-312
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Test specimen. - Equipment and procedure. - Test chamber. - Error of eccentricity. - Equipment. - Procedure. - Results. - Tensile strength. - Fracture. - Discussion. - Uniaxial tensile strength. - Brazil test. - Comparison with theory. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Test results. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of a compressive stress on the tensile strength of bubbly polycrystalline ice. One hundred forty-five tests were made in an apparatus of novel design. A cylindrical dumbbell specimen was stressed in axial tension and radial and tangential compression by a hydraulic system which minimized bending stresses. Compression-tension ratios ranging from 0.21 to 10.14 were used for the tests. Tensile strength was found to decrease with an increase in the ratio. At the ratio of 3.155 the tensile strength is about one third the uniaxial value. The test results support the evidence that the Brazil test underestimates the tensile strength for ice. They also indicate that the Brazil test value for ice can be no greater than one third the uniaxial tensile strength. A comparison of the experimental results with a few prominent biaxial failure theories indicates a lower tensile strength than predicted by any theory. However, the best approximation to the results is the Coulomb-Mohr criterion.
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    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 312
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  • 96
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    Call number: ZSP-202-308
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Sea ice as a material. - Experimental procedures. - Results and analysis. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Error analysis. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: An investigation is made into the determination of the relationship between the extinction coefficient and the salinity of sea ice. A HeNe laser is used to propagate a beam of red light, of wavelength 6328Å, through a series of ice samples at -20°C. The optical extinction coefficients were calculated and plotted against the measured salinities. The results of the experiment indicated an exponential relationship between extinction coefficient and salinity. The relationship may be described by the equation: y = 2.41 + 0.001 exp (1.19x) where y is the extinction coefficient and x is the salinity.
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    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illutrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 308
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  • 97
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    Call number: ZSP-202-303
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Notation. - 1.Introduction. - 1.1Definition and scope of problem. - 1.2 Theoretical background. - 1.3 Previous work on the single plate-grouser problem. - 1.4 Background of the present investigation. - 2.Theory of two-dimensional soil failure by a plate-grouser. - 2.1 Basic criteria and assumptions. - 2.2 Rupture zones and boundaries. - 2.3 Forces in the spiral and Rankine zones. - 2.4 Solution to forces of the equilibrium wedge abc when [Theta]c 〉 [Theta] 〉 (- [Epsilon] [equal to or greater] -[Beta]). - 2.5 Solution to the forces H and V. - 3. Observation of soil rupture patterns. - 3.1 General. - 3.2 Test equipment and photographic technique. - 3.3 Photographing failure patterns. - 3.4 Observation of the equilibrium wedge when [Theta]c 〉 [Theta] 〉 - [Epsilon]. - 3.5 Rupture patterns at [Theta] = 90°. - 4. Force measurements. - 4.1Test program. - 4.2 The plate-grouser test apparatus. - 4.3 The measurement of soil strength. - 4.4 Results of controlled [Theta] tests. - 5. Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Details of mathematical methods. - Appendix B: Computer program. - Appendix C: Examples of application. - Appendix D: Photographs of failure patterns. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The most common example of the application of inclined loads to the soil is the plate-grouser. This consists of a strip footing with a vertical arm at one end. The most usual loading arrangement is one in which a fixed vertical load is applied and then the horizontal load is increased until failure occurs. A theory has been developed which will predict the maximum horizontal force, assuming that the soil is dense enough to be reasonably described by the Coulomb equation. The theory is based on slip line fields including wedges of soil that are not failing. These slip line fields vary systematically with the interface angle [Beta] and the angle of internal shearing resistance of the soil [Phi] and they are a function of the direction of motion of the interface [Theta]. A computer program is provided which will solve the problem directly if the direction of motion [Theta] is given. It will also solve the more practical situation described above by an iterative procedure. The postulated slip line fields have been shown to be correct by means of glass box photographs giving excellent agreement with the theory. The predictions of passive pressure have been verified by a series of force measurements on quite large grousers driven into saturated clay, dry sand and an intermediate loam.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 93 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 303
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 98
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-295
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Physical basis of microwave moisture sensing. - Physics of transmission and reflection. - General behavior of reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves through media of finite thicknesses. - Water-content determination by reflection or transmission measurements on micro-waves. - Outlook for microwave moisture sensors. - Future studies. - Bibliography. - Appendix A. Computer program. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Microwave instrumentation is used for nondestructive measurement of the water content of materials. The basis of all microwave moisture sensors is that the dielectric constants of material that contains water are a strong function of water content. The microwave moisture sensors based on a reflection or transmission principle are shown to have the disadvantage of requiring that a calibration be made for each sample thickness. Several alternative routes for developing reliable microwave moisture sensors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 295
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-11
    In: SIPRE report, 11
    Description / Table of Contents: A commercial deep-freeze unit was modified to serve as a laboratory for growing single crystals, cutting specimens of a given orientation, testing these specimens in compressive creep, and studying thin-sections of the results on a universal stage. A method of growing single crystals of adequate size was developed by adapting the Bridgman method. Fortyone creep tests were made at temperatures ranging from -1° to -18°C. These gave an unexpected form of creep-curve in which the rate of strain continuously increases with time. The mechanism of deformation is dominantly basal translation—consistent with earlier work. The dependence on temperature and stress is expressed empirically.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 11
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction Use of the deep-freeze as a cold laboratory Growing single crystals Creep tests Conclusions References cited
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 100
    Call number: ZSP-553-198,4
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 245 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland 198,4
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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