Call number:
AWI G3-18-91739
Type of Medium:
Monograph available for loan
Pages:
xxiii, 515 Seiten
,
Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
,
26 cm
Edition:
Fourth edition
Edition:
edition first published 2018
ISBN:
9781119132783
,
9781119132790 (electronic)
,
9781119132813 (electronic)
URL:
http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/895982048.pdf
Language:
English
Note:
Contents:
Preface to Fourth Edition. -
Preface to Third Edition. -
Preface to Second Edition. -
Preface to First Edition. -
Acknowledgments. -
PART I THE PERIGLACIAL DOMAIN. -
1 Introduction. -
1.1 The Periglacial Concept. -
1.2 Diagnostic Criteria. -
1.3 Periglacial Environments. -
1.4 The Periglacial Domain. -
1.5 The Periglacial Domain and the Cryosphere. -
1.6 Disciplinary Considerations. -
1.6.1 The Growth of Geocryology. -
1.6.2 The Challenge of Quaternary Science. -
1.6.3 Periglacial Geomorphology or Cold-Region Geomorphology?. -
1.7 Societal Considerations. -
1.8 The Growth of Periglacial Knowledge. -
2 Periglacial Climates. -
2.1 Boundary Conditions. -
2.2 Cold Deserts. -
2.3 Regional Climates. -
2.3.1 High Arctic Climates. -
2.3.2 Continental Climates. -
2.3.3 Alpine Climates. -
2.3.4 Montane Climates. -
2.3.5 Climates of Low Annual Temperature Range. -
2.3.6 Antarctica: A Special Case. -
2.4 Snow and Ice. -
2.5 Wind. -
2.6 Ground Climates. -
2.6.1 The 'n'-Factor. -
2.6.2 The Thermal Offset. -
2.6.3 The Ground Temperature Regime. -
2.7 Periglacial Climates and Global Climate Change. -
2.7.1 Basic Facts. -
2.7.2 Why Climate-Cryosphere Interactions Accelerate Climate Warming. -
3 Periglacial Ecosystems. -
3.1 General Statement. -
3.2 Biogeographic Zonation and Major Vegetation Types. -
3.3 Adaptations to Cold, Snow, Wind and Aridity. -
3.4 The Effect of Vegetation. -
3.5 The Polar Deserts. -
3.5.1 The High Arctic Polar Deserts. -
3.5.2 The High Arctic Polar Semi-Deserts. -
3.6 The Polar Desert-Tundra Transition. -
3.7 The Low-Arctic Tundra. -
3.8 The Forest-Tundra Bioclimatic Boundary (The Tree Line). -
3.9 The Boreal Forest. -
3.10 The Alpine and Montane Ecosystems. -
3.11 Antarctica - A Special Case. -
3.12 Periglacial Ecosystems and Climate Change. -
PART II FROZEN GROUND AND PERMAFROST. -
4 Ground Freezing, Permafrost and the Active Layer. -
4.1 Introduction. -
4.2 Ground Freezing. -
4.2.1 Basic Concepts. -
4.2.2 Ice Segregation. -
4.2.3 "The Frozen Fringe'. -
4.2.4 Frost Heave. -
4.3 Perennially-Frozen Ground (Permafrost). -
4.4 Moisture and Ice Within Permafrost. -
4.5 Thermal and Physical Properties. -
4.5.1 The Geothermal Regime. -
4.5.2 The TTOP Model. -
4.5.3 Physical Properties. -
4.5.4 Thermal Properties. -
4.6 Permafrost Hydrology. -
4.6.1 Aquifers. -
4.6.2 Hydrochemistry. -
4.6.3 Groundwater Icings. -
4.7 The Active Layer. -
4.7.1 Terminology. -
4.7.2 The Active-Layer Thermal Regime. -
4.7.3 The Transient Layer. -
4.7.4 The Stefan Equation. -
5 Permafrost Distribution and Stability. -
5.1 Introduction. -
5.2 Controls over Permafrost Distribution. -
5.2.1 Relief and Aspect. -
5.2.2 Rock Type. -
5.2.3 Vegetation. -
5.2.4 Snow Cover. -
5.2.5 Fire. -
5.2.6 Lakes and Surface Water Bodies. -
5.3 Spatial Extent of Permafrost and Frozen Ground. -
5.3.1 Latitudinal Permafrost. -
5.3.2 Alpine (Mountain) Permafrost. -
5.3.3 Montane Permafrost. -
5.3.4 Seasonally-Frozen Ground. -
5.4 Sub-Sea and Relict Permafrost. -
5.4.1 Sub-Sea Permafrost. -
5.4.2 Relict (Terrestrial) Permafrost. -
5.5 Permafrost and Ecosystems. -
5.6 Permafrost Monitoring and Mapping. -
5.6.1 CALM and GTN-P (TSP). -
5.6.2 BTS and Mountain Permafrost Probability Mapping. -
5.7 Climate Warming and Permafrost. -
5.7.1 Evidence for Warming Permafrost. -
5.7.2 Evidence for Thawing Permafrost. -
6 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy. -
6.1 Introduction. -
6.2 Quantitative Parameters. -
6.3 Epigenetic, Syngenetic and Polygenetic Permafrost. -
6.4 Classification. -
6.4.1 The Russian Approach. -
6.4.2 The North American Approach. -
6.5 Main Ground Ice Types. -
6.5.1 Pore Ice. -
6.5.2 Segregated Ice. -
6.5.3 Intrusive Ice. -
6.5.4 Vein Ice. -
6.5.5 Other Types of Ice. -
6.6 Ice Distribution. -
6.6.1 Amounts. -
6.6.2 Distribution with Depth. -
6.6.3 Ice in Bedrock. -
6.6.4 Ice in Poorly-Lithified Sediments. -
6.7 Cryostratigraphy and Cryolithology. -
6.7.1 Cryostructural Analysis. -
6.7.2 Cryostructures of Epigenetic and Syngenetic Permafrost. -
6.7.3 Thaw Unconformities. -
6.7.4 Aggradational Ice. -
6.7.5 Icy Bodies and Ice, Sand and Soil Pseudomorphs. -
6.8 Ice Crystallography. -
6.9 Ice Geochemistry. -
6.10 Massive Ice and Massive-Icy Bodies. -
6.10.1 Nature and Extent. -
6.10.2 Intra-Sedimental Ice. -
6.10.3 Buried Glacier Ice. -
6.11 Cryostratigraphy and Past Environments. -
7 Aggradational Permafrost Landforms. -
7.1 Introduction. -
7.2 How Does Permafrost Aggrade?. -
7.2.1 The Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment. -
7.3 Thermal-Contraction-Crack Polygons. -
7.3.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Contraction. -
7.3.2 Ice, Sand and Soil ('Ground') Wedges. -
7.3.3 Development of the Polygon Net. -
7.3.4 Polygon Morphology. -
7.3.5 Controls over Cracking. -
7.3.6 Climatic Significance. -
7.4 Ice and Sand Wedges. -
7.4.1 Epigenetic Wedges. -
7.4.2 Syngenetic Wedges. -
7.4.3 Anti-Syngenetic Wedges. -
7.4.4 Growth and Deformation of Wedges. -
7.5 Organic Terrain. -
7.5.1 Palsas. -
7.5.2 Peat Plateaus. -
7.6 Frost Mounds. -
7.6.1 Perennial-Frost Mounds. -
7.6.2 Hydraulic (Open) System Pingos. -
7.6.3 Hydrostatic (Closed) System Pingos. -
7.6.4 Other Perennial-Frost Mounds. -
7.6.5 Seasonal-Frost Mounds. -
7.6.6 Hydrolaccoliths and Other Frost-Induced Mounds. -
8 Thermokarst Processes and Landforms. -
8.1 Introduction. -
8.2 Thawing Ground. -
8.2.1 Thaw Strain and Thaw Settlement. -
8.2.2 Potential Depths of Soil Freezing and Thawing. -
8.2.3 The Development of Thermokarst. -
8.3 Causes of Thermokarst. -
8.3.1 General Comments. -
8.3.2 Specific Causes. -
8.4 Thaw-Related Processes. -
8.4.1 Thermokarst Subsidence (Thaw Settlement). -
8.4.2 Thermal Erosion. -
8.4.3 Other Processes. -
8.5 Thermokarst Sediments and Structures. -
8.5.1 Involuted Structures. -
8.5.2 Retrogressive-Thaw-Slumps and Debris-Flow Deposits. -
8.5.3 Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Composite-Wedge Casts. -
8.5.4 Ice, Silt, Sand and Gravel Pseudomorphs. -
8.6 Thermokarst Landscapes. -
8.6.1 The Alas-Thermokarst Relief of Central Yakutia. -
8.6.2 The Western North American Arctic. -
8.6.3 The Ice-Free Areas of Continental Antarctica. -
8.7 Ice-Wedge Thermokarst Relief. -
8.7.1 Low-Centred Polygons. -
8.7.2 High-Centred Polygons. -
8.7.3 Badland Thermokarst Relief. -
8.8 Thaw Lakes and Depressions. -
8.8.1 Lakes and Taliks. -
8.8.2 Morphology. -
8.8.3 Growth and Drainage. -
8.8.4 Oriented Thaw Lakes. -
Part III Periglacial Geomorphology. -
9 Cold-Climate Weathering. -
9.1 Introduction. -
9.2 General Weathering Facts. -
9.3 Freezing and Thawing Indices. -
9.4 Rock (Frost?) Shattering. -
9.4.1 Frost Action and Ice Segregation. -
9.4.2 Insolation and Thermal Shock. -
9.4.3 Perspective. -
9.5 Chemical Weathering. -
9.5.1 Karkevagge. -
9.5.2 Solution and Karstification. -
9.5.3 Salt Weathering. -
9.6 Cryogenic Weathering. -
9.6.1 Cryogenic Disintegration. -
9.6.2 The Coefficient of Cryogenic Contrast. -
9.6.3 Physico-Chemical Changes. -
9.6.4 Problematic Phenomena. -
9.7 Cryobiological Weathering. -
9.8 Rates of Cold-Climate Bedrock Weathering. -
9.9 Cryosols and Cryopedology. -
9.9.1 Cryosols. -
9.9.2 Classification. -
9.9.3 Cryosolic Micromorphology. -
10 Mass-Wasting Processes and Active-Layer Phenomena. -
10.1 Introduction. -
10.2 Slow Mass-Wasting Processes. -
10.2.1 Solifluction. -
10.2.2 Frost Creep. -
10.2.3 Gelifluction. -
10.2.4 Solifluction Deposits and Phenomena. -
10.3 Rapid Mass-Wasting Processes. -
10.3.1 Active-Layer-Detachment Slides. -
10.3.2 Debris Flows, Slush Flows and Avalanches. -
10.3.3 Rockfall. -
10.4 Snow Hydrology and Slopewash Processes. -
10.4.1 Snow Hydrology and Snowbanks. -
10.4.2 Surface and Subsurface Wash. -
10.5 Active-Layer Phenomena. -
10.5.1 Frost Heaving. -
10.5.2 Bedrock Heave. -
10.5.3 Upward Heaving of Stones and Objects. -
10.5.4 Stone Tilting. -
10.5.5 Ne
Location:
AWI Reading room
Branch Library:
AWI Library
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