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  • Protein Binding  (474)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (474)
  • 1
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    Single-molecule imaging reveals mechanisms of protein disruption by a DNA translocase (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: In physiological settings, nucleic-acid translocases must act on substrates occupied by other proteins, and an increasingly appreciated role of translocases is to catalyse protein displacement from RNA and DNA. However, little is known regarding the inevitable collisions that must occur, and the fate of protein obstacles and the mechanisms by which they are evicted from DNA remain unexplored. Here we sought to establish the mechanistic basis for protein displacement from DNA using RecBCD as a model system. Using nanofabricated curtains of DNA and multicolour single-molecule microscopy, we visualized collisions between a model translocase and different DNA-bound proteins in real time. We show that the DNA translocase RecBCD can disrupt core RNA polymerase, holoenzymes, stalled elongation complexes and transcribing RNA polymerases in either head-to-head or head-to-tail orientations, as well as EcoRI(E111Q), lac repressor and even nucleosomes. RecBCD did not pause during collisions and often pushed proteins thousands of base pairs before evicting them from DNA. We conclude that RecBCD overwhelms obstacles through direct transduction of chemomechanical force with no need for specific protein-protein interactions, and that proteins can be removed from DNA through active disruption mechanisms that act on a transition state intermediate as they are pushed from one nonspecific site to the next.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230117/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230117/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finkelstein, Ilya J -- Visnapuu, Mari-Liis -- Greene, Eric C -- F32GM80864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM082848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA146940/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082848-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):983-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09561. Epub 2010 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Biocatalysis ; DNA/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Exodeoxyribonuclease V/*metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Lac Repressors/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; *Movement ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Quantum Dots ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Coupled chaperone action in folding and assembly of hexadecameric Rubisco (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: Form I Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), a complex of eight large (RbcL) and eight small (RbcS) subunits, catalyses the fixation of atmospheric CO(2) in photosynthesis. The limited catalytic efficiency of Rubisco has sparked extensive efforts to re-engineer the enzyme with the goal of enhancing agricultural productivity. To facilitate such efforts we analysed the formation of cyanobacterial form I Rubisco by in vitro reconstitution and cryo-electron microscopy. We show that RbcL subunit folding by the GroEL/GroES chaperonin is tightly coupled with assembly mediated by the chaperone RbcX(2). RbcL monomers remain partially unstable and retain high affinity for GroEL until captured by RbcX(2). As revealed by the structure of a RbcL(8)-(RbcX(2))(8) assembly intermediate, RbcX(2) acts as a molecular staple in stabilizing the RbcL subunits as dimers and facilitates RbcL(8) core assembly. Finally, addition of RbcS results in RbcX(2) release and holoenzyme formation. Specific assembly chaperones may be required more generally in the formation of complex oligomeric structures when folding is closely coupled to assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Cuimin -- Young, Anna L -- Starling-Windhof, Amanda -- Bracher, Andreas -- Saschenbrecker, Sandra -- Rao, Bharathi Vasudeva -- Rao, Karnam Vasudeva -- Berninghausen, Otto -- Mielke, Thorsten -- Hartl, F Ulrich -- Beckmann, Roland -- Hayer-Hartl, Manajit -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):197-202. doi: 10.1038/nature08651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Chaperonin 10/metabolism ; Chaperonin 60/metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Folding ; *Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Synechococcus/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signalling (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a plant hormone that regulates a broad array of plant defence and developmental processes. JA-Ile-responsive gene expression is regulated by the transcriptional activator MYC2 that interacts physically with the jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) repressor proteins. On perception of JA-Ile, JAZ proteins are degraded and JA-Ile-dependent gene expression is activated. The molecular mechanisms by which JAZ proteins repress gene expression remain unknown. Here we show that the Arabidopsis JAZ proteins recruit the Groucho/Tup1-type co-repressor TOPLESS (TPL) and TPL-related proteins (TPRs) through a previously uncharacterized adaptor protein, designated Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA). NINJA acts as a transcriptional repressor whose activity is mediated by a functional TPL-binding EAR repression motif. Accordingly, both NINJA and TPL proteins function as negative regulators of jasmonate responses. Our results point to TPL proteins as general co-repressors that affect multiple signalling pathways through the interaction with specific adaptor proteins. This new insight reveals how stress-related and growth-related signalling cascades use common molecular mechanisms to regulate gene expression in plants.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849182/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849182/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pauwels, Laurens -- Barbero, Gemma Fernandez -- Geerinck, Jan -- Tilleman, Sofie -- Grunewald, Wim -- Perez, Amparo Cuellar -- Chico, Jose Manuel -- Bossche, Robin Vanden -- Sewell, Jared -- Gil, Eduardo -- Garcia-Casado, Gloria -- Witters, Erwin -- Inze, Dirk -- Long, Jeff A -- De Jaeger, Geert -- Solano, Roberto -- Goossens, Alain -- R01 GM072764/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072764-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):788-91. doi: 10.1038/nature08854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/*drug effects/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Models, Biological ; Oxylipins/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 4
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    Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ co-receptor (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Jasmonates are a family of plant hormones that regulate plant growth, development and responses to stress. The F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) mediates jasmonate signalling by promoting hormone-dependent ubiquitylation and degradation of transcriptional repressor JAZ proteins. Despite its importance, the mechanism of jasmonate perception remains unclear. Here we present structural and pharmacological data to show that the true Arabidopsis jasmonate receptor is a complex of both COI1 and JAZ. COI1 contains an open pocket that recognizes the bioactive hormone (3R,7S)-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) with high specificity. High-affinity hormone binding requires a bipartite JAZ degron sequence consisting of a conserved alpha-helix for COI1 docking and a loop region to trap the hormone in its binding pocket. In addition, we identify a third critical component of the jasmonate co-receptor complex, inositol pentakisphosphate, which interacts with both COI1 and JAZ adjacent to the ligand. Our results unravel the mechanism of jasmonate perception and highlight the ability of F-box proteins to evolve as multi-component signalling hubs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988090/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988090/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheard, Laura B -- Tan, Xu -- Mao, Haibin -- Withers, John -- Ben-Nissan, Gili -- Hinds, Thomas R -- Kobayashi, Yuichi -- Hsu, Fong-Fu -- Sharon, Michal -- Browse, John -- He, Sheng Yang -- Rizo, Josep -- Howe, Gregg A -- Zheng, Ning -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068718/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068718-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107134-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057795-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI068718/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01GM57795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):400-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09430. Epub 2010 Oct 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Box 357280, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20927106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/chemistry/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclopentanes/chemistry/*metabolism ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Indenes/chemistry/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Isoleucine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxylipins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-25
    Description: Tumours with mutant BRAF are dependent on the RAF-MEK-ERK signalling pathway for their growth. We found that ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors inhibit ERK signalling in cells with mutant BRAF, but unexpectedly enhance signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF. Here we demonstrate the mechanistic basis for these findings. We used chemical genetic methods to show that drug-mediated transactivation of RAF dimers is responsible for paradoxical activation of the enzyme by inhibitors. Induction of ERK signalling requires direct binding of the drug to the ATP-binding site of one kinase of the dimer and is dependent on RAS activity. Drug binding to one member of RAF homodimers (CRAF-CRAF) or heterodimers (CRAF-BRAF) inhibits one protomer, but results in transactivation of the drug-free protomer. In BRAF(V600E) tumours, RAS is not activated, thus transactivation is minimal and ERK signalling is inhibited in cells exposed to RAF inhibitors. These results indicate that RAF inhibitors will be effective in tumours in which BRAF is mutated. Furthermore, because RAF inhibitors do not inhibit ERK signalling in other cells, the model predicts that they would have a higher therapeutic index and greater antitumour activity than mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, but could also cause toxicity due to MEK/ERK activation. These predictions have been borne out in a recent clinical trial of the RAF inhibitor PLX4032 (refs 4, 5). The model indicates that promotion of RAF dimerization by elevation of wild-type RAF expression or RAS activity could lead to drug resistance in mutant BRAF tumours. In agreement with this prediction, RAF inhibitors do not inhibit ERK signalling in cells that coexpress BRAF(V600E) and mutant RAS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178447/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178447/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poulikakos, Poulikos I -- Zhang, Chao -- Bollag, Gideon -- Shokat, Kevan M -- Rosen, Neal -- 1P01CA129243-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 2R01EB001987/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA129243-010002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB001987/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA091178/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA091178-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):427-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/*drug effects ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein Multimerization ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Transcriptional Activation/*drug effects ; raf Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Affinity gradients drive copper to cellular destinations (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-14
    Description: Copper is an essential trace element for eukaryotes and most prokaryotes. However, intracellular free copper must be strictly limited because of its toxic side effects. Complex systems for copper trafficking evolved to satisfy cellular requirements while minimizing toxicity. The factors driving the copper transfer between protein partners along cellular copper routes are, however, not fully rationalized. Until now, inconsistent, scattered and incomparable data on the copper-binding affinities of copper proteins have been reported. Here we determine, through a unified electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based strategy, in an environment that mimics the cellular redox milieu, the apparent Cu(I)-binding affinities for a representative set of intracellular copper proteins involved in enzymatic redox catalysis, in copper trafficking to and within various cellular compartments, and in copper storage. The resulting thermodynamic data show that copper is drawn to the enzymes that require it by passing from one copper protein site to another, exploiting gradients of increasing copper-binding affinity. This result complements the finding that fast copper-transfer pathways require metal-mediated protein-protein interactions and therefore protein-protein specific recognition. Together with Cu,Zn-SOD1, metallothioneins have the highest affinity for copper(I), and may play special roles in the regulation of cellular copper distribution; however, for kinetic reasons they cannot demetallate copper enzymes. Our study provides the thermodynamic basis for the kinetic processes that lead to the distribution of cellular copper.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banci, Lucia -- Bertini, Ivano -- Ciofi-Baffoni, Simone -- Kozyreva, Tatiana -- Zovo, Kairit -- Palumaa, Peep -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 3;465(7298):645-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09018. Epub 2010 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Magnetic Resonance Center CERM and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocatalysis ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cations, Monovalent/metabolism ; Copper/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/chemistry/metabolism ; Dithiothreitol/metabolism ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/*metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Metallothionein/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Thermodynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structural basis of semaphorin-plexin signalling (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-30
    Description: Cell-cell signalling of semaphorin ligands through interaction with plexin receptors is important for the homeostasis and morphogenesis of many tissues and is widely studied for its role in neural connectivity, cancer, cell migration and immune responses. SEMA4D and Sema6A exemplify two diverse vertebrate, membrane-spanning semaphorin classes (4 and 6) that are capable of direct signalling through members of the two largest plexin classes, B and A, respectively. In the absence of any structural information on the plexin ectodomain or its interaction with semaphorins the extracellular specificity and mechanism controlling plexin signalling has remained unresolved. Here we present crystal structures of cognate complexes of the semaphorin-binding regions of plexins B1 and A2 with semaphorin ectodomains (human PLXNB1(1-2)-SEMA4D(ecto) and murine PlxnA2(1-4)-Sema6A(ecto)), plus unliganded structures of PlxnA2(1-4) and Sema6A(ecto). These structures, together with biophysical and cellular assays of wild-type and mutant proteins, reveal that semaphorin dimers independently bind two plexin molecules and that signalling is critically dependent on the avidity of the resulting bivalent 2:2 complex (monomeric semaphorin binds plexin but fails to trigger signalling). In combination, our data favour a cell-cell signalling mechanism involving semaphorin-stabilized plexin dimerization, possibly followed by clustering, which is consistent with previous functional data. Furthermore, the shared generic architecture of the complexes, formed through conserved contacts of the amino-terminal seven-bladed beta-propeller (sema) domains of both semaphorin and plexin, suggests that a common mode of interaction triggers all semaphorin-plexin based signalling, while distinct insertions within or between blades of the sema domains determine binding specificity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587840/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587840/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janssen, Bert J C -- Robinson, Ross A -- Perez-Branguli, Francesc -- Bell, Christian H -- Mitchell, Kevin J -- Siebold, Christian -- Jones, E Yvonne -- 082301/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 083111/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A3964/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A5261/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700232(82098)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900061/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900061(69203)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 28;467(7319):1118-22. doi: 10.1038/nature09468. Epub 2010 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Communication ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Molecular ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Semaphorins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Role of a ribosome-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase in protein quality control (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-14
    Description: Messenger RNA lacking stop codons ('non-stop mRNA') can arise from errors in gene expression, and encode aberrant proteins whose accumulation could be deleterious to cellular function. In bacteria, these 'non-stop proteins' become co-translationally tagged with a peptide encoded by ssrA/tmRNA (transfer-messenger RNA), which signals their degradation by energy-dependent proteases. How eukaryotic cells eliminate non-stop proteins has remained unknown. Here we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ltn1 RING-domain-type E3 ubiquitin ligase acts in the quality control of non-stop proteins, in a process that is mechanistically distinct but conceptually analogous to that performed by ssrA: Ltn1 is predominantly associated with ribosomes, and it marks nascent non-stop proteins with ubiquitin to signal their proteasomal degradation. Ltn1-mediated ubiquitylation of non-stop proteins seems to be triggered by their stalling in ribosomes on translation through the poly(A) tail. The biological relevance of this process is underscored by the finding that loss of Ltn1 function confers sensitivity to stress caused by increased non-stop protein production. We speculate that defective protein quality control may underlie the neurodegenerative phenotype that results from mutation of the mouse Ltn1 homologue Listerin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988496/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988496/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bengtson, Mario H -- Joazeiro, Claudio A P -- R01 GM083060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083060-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):470-3. doi: 10.1038/nature09371. Epub 2010 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, CB168, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20835226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Codon, Terminator/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Peptide Chain Termination, Translational ; Polylysine/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis/*physiology ; Ribosomes/*enzymology/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Ubiquitination
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Two enzymes bound to one transfer RNA assume alternative conformations for consecutive reactions (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: In most bacteria and all archaea, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) glutamylates both tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln), and then Glu-tRNA(Gln) is selectively converted to Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase. The mechanisms by which the two enzymes recognize their substrate tRNA(s), and how they cooperate with each other in Gln-tRNA(Gln) synthesis, remain to be determined. Here we report the formation of the 'glutamine transamidosome' from the bacterium Thermotoga maritima, consisting of tRNA(Gln), GluRS and the heterotrimeric amidotransferase GatCAB, and its crystal structure at 3.35 A resolution. The anticodon-binding body of GluRS recognizes the common features of tRNA(Gln) and tRNA(Glu), whereas the tail body of GatCAB recognizes the outer corner of the L-shaped tRNA(Gln) in a tRNA(Gln)-specific manner. GluRS is in the productive form, as its catalytic body binds to the amino-acid-acceptor arm of tRNA(Gln). In contrast, GatCAB is in the non-productive form: the catalytic body of GatCAB contacts that of GluRS and is located near the acceptor stem of tRNA(Gln), in an appropriate site to wait for the completion of Glu-tRNA(Gln) formation by GluRS. We identified the hinges between the catalytic and anticodon-binding bodies of GluRS and between the catalytic and tail bodies of GatCAB, which allow both GluRS and GatCAB to adopt the productive and non-productive forms. The catalytic bodies of the two enzymes compete for the acceptor arm of tRNA(Gln) and therefore cannot assume their productive forms simultaneously. The transition from the present glutamylation state, with the productive GluRS and the non-productive GatCAB, to the putative amidation state, with the non-productive GluRS and the productive GatCAB, requires an intermediate state with the two enzymes in their non-productive forms, for steric reasons. The proposed mechanism explains how the transamidosome efficiently performs the two consecutive steps of Gln-tRNA(Gln) formation, with a low risk of releasing the unstable intermediate Glu-tRNA(Gln).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Takuhiro -- Yokoyama, Shigeyuki -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):612-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09411.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20882017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/genetics ; Biocatalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Nitrogenous Group Transferases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Transfer, Gln/biosynthesis/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/chemistry/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology ; Substrate Specificity ; Thermotoga maritima/*enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A novel pathway regulates memory and plasticity via SIRT1 and miR-134 (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-14
    Description: The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sir2 was initially identified as a mediator of replicative lifespan in budding yeast and was subsequently shown to modulate longevity in worms and flies. Its mammalian homologue, SIRT1, seems to have evolved complex systemic roles in cardiac function, DNA repair and genomic stability. Recent studies suggest a functional relevance of SIRT1 in normal brain physiology and neurological disorders. However, it is unknown if SIRT1 has a role in higher-order brain functions. We report that SIRT1 modulates synaptic plasticity and memory formation via a microRNA-mediated mechanism. Activation of SIRT1 enhances, whereas its loss-of-function impairs, synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, these effects were mediated via post-transcriptional regulation of cAMP response binding protein (CREB) expression by a brain-specific microRNA, miR-134. SIRT1 normally functions to limit expression of miR-134 via a repressor complex containing the transcription factor YY1, and unchecked miR-134 expression following SIRT1 deficiency results in the downregulated expression of CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby impairing synaptic plasticity. These findings demonstrate a new role for SIRT1 in cognition and a previously unknown microRNA-based mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates these processes. Furthermore, these results describe a separate branch of SIRT1 signalling, in which SIRT1 has a direct role in regulating normal brain function in a manner that is disparate from its cell survival functions, demonstrating its value as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of central nervous system disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928875/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928875/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Jun -- Wang, Wen-Yuan -- Mao, Ying-Wei -- Graff, Johannes -- Guan, Ji-Song -- Pan, Ling -- Mak, Gloria -- Kim, Dohoon -- Su, Susan C -- Tsai, Li-Huei -- P01 AG027916/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09271. Epub 2010 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Electrical Synapses/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation/genetics ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory Disorders/genetics/physiopathology ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/*metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics ; Protein Binding ; Sequence Deletion ; Sirtuin 1/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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