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  • 101
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    MWI (MAGMA-WATER INTERACTION) EXPERIMENTS ON 2002 MOUNT ETNA ERUPTION: INFERENCES ON THE ERUPTION EXPLOSIVE BEHAVIOUR (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Ash and lava samples from 2002 Mt.Etna (Italy) eruption have been treated experimentally in the MAQUA equipment (magma-water interaction internally heated pressure vessel) installed at the HP-HT Lab of Università di Roma "La Sapienza". This equipment allows the control of experimental T and P, the water injection P, the water/melt ratio, and the measurement of the sample V variations. Within the vessel, it is also installed an ultrasonic probe acting both as passive and active transducer located just below the sample holder, via a silica buffer road. In the passive mode this probe is able to analyze the MWI shock waves or the pressure waves due to the gas exolution, in the active one it monitors Vp variations due to changes of the waves propagation velocity through the sample. The experiments have been performed at an average eruptive T (1050^circC) and a confining P=10MPa. The Pinj (water injection pressure) was set at 100MPa with a water/melt ranging between 0.1 and 0.5. These experiments show that variations in the multiphase system viscosity due to variable amounts of the mixture components: melt+crystals+bubbles at comparable water injection modes, can produce strongly different distributions of the produced mechanical energy in terms of volume expansion, fragmentation and mass transport. The powdered lava samples or the ash grains used as starting material give an interaction behaviour and experimental products significatively different. In particular, the homogeneous melt (powdered starting material) compared to an inhomogeneous melt mixture (ash grains) give a lower amount of fragmentation with a modal distribution around the finest fractions and a minimal transported mass. On the contrary, inhomogenous melts mixtures give a very well developed fragmentation with a unimodal distribution around coarser grain sizes and transported masses reaching more than 20% of the initial mass.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nice, France, 6-11 April 2003
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Keywords: MWI ; magma-water interaction ; fragmentation ; Etna ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 102
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    Evidenze di emissioni elettromagnetiche in rocce sottoposte a sollecitazione meccanica. Un possibile precursore sismico? (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: In questa tesi si intende presentare i risultati di una sperimentazione condotta sia in laboratorio che su rocce in sito, tendente a dimostrare l’esistenza di emissioni radio a bassissima frequenza (bande ELF, VF, VLF) in associazione alla sollecitazione meccanica di masse litoidi. Questo effetto supporta l’ipotesi che ha motivato sia la costruzione dell’apparecchio utilizzato nella rilevazione dei segnali che la tesi stessa: la possibilità di individuare nei segnali radiosismici un fenomeno precursore attendibile. L’effetto però si può estendere al monitoraggio della stabilità di versanti rocciosi (eventuale previsione di frane) e ad altre applicazioni geologiche di monitoraggio e prospezione. Il metodo consiste nello studio della radiazione elettromagnetica naturale in banda acustica (20 Hz – 20 kHz) in quanto questa si adatta più facilmente all’ordinaria disponibilità dei mezzi hardware e software. Ciò lo rende particolarmente accessibile a basso costo. Il fenomeno all’origine di queste emissioni può avere diversi modelli di interpretazione. Qui si farà riferimento in particolare a quello proposto dal candidato, senza tuttavia trascurare altre possibilità. Il rilevatore, chiamato “radiogeofono”, è stato costruito dal candidato appositamente per questo scopo. La sperimentazione in sito si è svolta in una cava di calcare massiccio su fronti abbattuti da volate di mine. La sperimentazione in laboratorio si è svolta su campioni di varie litologie (calc.massiccio, calcare a rudiste, scaglia variegata, porfido) sottoposti a compressione uniassiale. Oltre al radiogeofono sono stati impiegati sensori aerei e apparecchiature radio convenzionali per monitorare: onda acustica, onda di pressione, emissioni elettromagnetiche nelle bande HF e UHF. Le registrazioni analogiche sono state convertite in campionamenti digitali per poter essere sottoposte a processi software di filtraggio ed analisi numerica (oscillogrammi e spettrogrammi). Sono stati rilevati segnali emessi dalla roccia associabili alla variazione dello stato tensionale e alla successiva fratturazione sia in condizione di distensione (esperimenti in cava) che di compressione (esperimenti in laboratorio). E’ stato verificato che in banda E-VLF i segnali premonitori della rottura si possono rilevare sistematicamente. Tali emissioni hanno un’intensità massima in banda radioacustica che decresce all’aumentare della frequenza diventando quindi molto bassa sulle bande radiofoniche di maggiore utilizzazione. Il meccanismo di emissione, qualunque esso sia, si è dimostrato più o meno efficiente in funzione del tipo di roccia e delle condizioni di sforzo che la portano alla rottura. Lo studio delle emissioni elettromagnetiche naturali in banda ELF e VLF si è dimostrato dunque un metodo particolarmente promettente al fine di prevedere un sisma o comunque la rottura di una massa litoide.
    Description: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma "La Sapienza".
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Keywords: terremoto ; precursori sismici ; emissione elettromagnetica ; dilatanza ; microfratturazione ; VLF ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 103
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    Adjoint tomography of the Italian lithosphere (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: The evolution and state of geological structure at Earth’s surface is best understood with an accurate characterization of the subsurface, where fluid distribution plays a key role. We present high-resolution seismic tomographic images of tectonic and geological features of the Italian lithosphere based on ground motion recordings and obtained through an iterative procedure. Enhanced accuracy is enabled by state-of-the-art three-dimensional wavefield simulations in combination with an adjoint-state method. The resulting tomographic model characterizes the subsurface structure in terms of compressional and shear wavespeed values at remarkable resolution, corresponding to a minimum period of ~10 s. As primary findings of our work, images of the lithospheric structure in Central Italy are consistent with recent studies on the distribution of fluids and gas (CO2) within the Italian subsurface, allowing us to infer the presence of deep melted material that induces shallow gas fluxes, or traps and deep storage of gas that can be correlated with seismicity. We illuminate Mt. Etna volcano and support the hypothesis of a deep reservoir (~30 km) feeding an intermediate-depth magma-filled intrusive body, which in turn is connected to a shallow chamber. We also investigate the intriguing features of the Adriatic plate offshore of the eastern Italian coast. Tomographic evidence reveals a structure of the plate made of two distinct microplates with different fabric and behavior, and separated by the Gargano deformation zone, indicating a complex lithosphere and tectonic evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Keywords: 3D velocity model ; Italian Lithosphere ; adjoint tomography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 104
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    Emissioni elettromagnetiche naturali in banda acustica come precursori di fenomeni sismici. (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Lo studio prende in esame principalmente una porzione continua di spettro EM che si estende da 20 Hz a 20 kHz attraversando le bande radio ELF e VLF. La scelta di questa banda ha consentito un’accurata discriminazione dei fenomeni attraverso l’analisi spettrale del segnale EM, resa possibile dall’adozione di tecnologie già disponibili nel campo dei segnali acustici. Il fenomeno di emissione EM associata alla sollecitazione meccanica della roccia si presenta sotto forma di segnali impulsivi. In laboratorio si sono potute distinguere due categorie di segnale impulsivo, ciascuna caratterizzata da un proprio stile riconoscibile nell’analisi comparata della distribuzione spettrale, degli eventi e delle intensità. La sorgente dell’emissione può essere attribuita alla microfratturazione attraverso il modello della frattura in un dielettrico. Il potenziale generato su ogni singola frattura sembra essere dell’ordine delle centinaia di Volt e potrebbe raggiungere il migliaio. Il primo tipo di emissione (SIO), ad alta frequenza, è associabile meccanicamente alla formazione dei crack e indipendentemente dalla scala si può suddividere in insiemi di unità: impulsi, treni di impulsi ed episodi di emissione dei treni. Il secondo e più intenso tipo di sequenza (SID) è invece a bassa frequenza e associabile all’apertura delle fratture. In questo caso nella distribuzione temporale degli eventi si possono riconoscere degli episodi legati alla rottura da una relazione di proporzionalità. La fenomenologia nel suo complesso è stata osservata in ogni tipo di litologia esaminata con differenze non dipendenti direttamente dalla mineralogia ma piuttosto riconducibili all’omogeneità strutturale e allo stile deformativo del materiale. Malgrado questa variabilità abbia influenzato anche l’intensità dell’emissione, la sequenza SID, almeno nella fase parossistica, è osservabile in ogni prova e quindi la sua occorrenza appare sistematica. Nell’ambiente naturale in tre occasioni è stato riconosciuto un segnale riconducibile alla SIO, in tutti i casi associabile ad un sisma di magnitudo ≥ 4.5 succeduto nell’arco di 3~4 giorni. Rispetto all’emissione osservata in laboratorio mostra la stessa distribuzione spettrale e una distribuzione temporale analoga su scala maggiore. L’eventuale presenza dell’emissione SID potrebbe non essere stata risolta dal dispositivo di rilevamento. In generale sono ipotizzabili l’esistenza di una soglia di magnitudo legata all’occorrenza del precursore EM e la sistematicità della successione di un sisma all’emissione EM. E’ ipotizzabile inoltre la presenza di elementi utili alla previsione temporale dell’evento catastrofico nella caratterizzazione della variabilità del fenomeno stesso e la possibilità di risalire alla posizione della sorgente del segnale indipendentemente dalla direttività del sensore. Sebbene si tratti solo di ipotesi, le caratteristiche di questo tipo di precursore sarebbero tali da giustificare l’avanzamento di nuovi studi per la loro verifica.
    Description: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma "La Sapienza"
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Keywords: terremoto ; fenomeni precursori ; emissioni elettromagnetiche ; dilatanza ; microfratturazione ; VLF ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 105
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    Il calzino quantico (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Blog INGVambiente
    Description: Published
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Keywords: ponte di Einstein-Rosen ; wormhole ; entanglement quantistico ; Al-Khalili ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 106
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    Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations over Italy by means of OCO‑2 Satellite Data Series (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas with sink and source related to natural cycles and anthropic activities. OCO‑2 is a NASA carbon dioxide dedicated mission launched in 2014 aimed to measure the CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by recording sunlight reflected off the Earth and provides, at the state of the art, the highest spatial resolution for mapping CO2 at global scale. In this work, for the first time, we statistically analyse 8 years of OCO‑2 acquisitions over Italian territory, obtaining the main trend and the seasonal behaviour of CO2 over land. After data reprocessing and compensating on temporal frequency of OCO‑2 acquisitions over Italy, a mean of 21 ppm of increment in the period from 2015 to 2022 has been found. In the data time series, we also noticed a significant acceleration in the trend between 2019 and 2020 and a return to average values of the trend after the COVID19 pandemic lockdown. In addition, such trends have been compared with those achieved by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. The data time series was also used to perform a spatial analysis of areas characterized by lower/higherc CO2 concentrations to detect sinks/sources in Italy due to the land use. The analysis reveals that the North Italian regions, with more population and industries, are the source of CO2; moreover, the fundamental role of vegetation as a sink of CO2 is confirmed.
    Description: Published
    Description: PA533
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; OCO-2 mission
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 107
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    Su particolari forme della superficie di Marte che evidenziano la presenza di acqua liquida sul pianeta (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Lo spunto iniziale deriva dall’intuizione che il problema dell’esistenza di acqua liquida nell’ambiente marziano non dipende dalla temperatura ma dalla pressione. Si è dunque costruito un modello matematico basato su gradienti di temperatura e di pressione e quindi un programma in grado di simulare le condizioni ambientali in qualsiasi punto della superficie del pianeta, dati latitudine, longitudine e quota. Il confronto tra queste condizioni e il diagramma di stato dell’acqua (sempre calcolato dal programma e anch’esso adattato all’ambiente marziano) fornisce un verdetto sulla sussistenza delle condizioni favorevoli alla presenza di acqua allo stato liquido. Invertendo il processo di calcolo, il programma fornisce anche indicazioni geografiche sulla fascia climatica ideale. In base alle indicazioni di questo modello e attraverso alcune chiavi di interpretazione geomorfologica definite appositamente per questo ambiente, è stata effettuata con successo una ricerca mirata tra le immagini ad alta risoluzione fornite dalla missione Mars Global Surveyor. Si è potuto così individuare nelle zone “positive” alcune caratteristiche che sono comuni a tutte le foto di “ruscellamenti” di recente scoperta, nonché i ruscellamenti stessi. Si è potuto inoltre fornire un’interpretazione geologica di tutte le varianti di questo fenomeno basandosi unicamente sul modello fornito dal programma. Poiché i dati di input del modello erano riferiti alle condizioni ambientali attuali, si deduce che tali fenomeni siano potenzialmente ancora in atto. Sulla base di evidenze morfologiche antiche e recenti, si è inoltre ricostruita un’evoluzione del ciclo dell’acqua nel corso della storia geologica del pianeta. Si ritiene che tale ciclo si sia ormai arrestato, sebbene possa essere ancora possibile trovare acqua liquida in determinate condizioni.
    Description: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma "La Sapienza".
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Keywords: Marte ; acqua liquida ; gullies ; transizioni di fase ; 02.01. Permafrost ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences ; 01.01. Atmosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 108
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    Breaking Adria and Southern Italy: adjoint tomography of an intricate lithosphere (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: High-resolution adjoint tomography has emerged as a powerful tool for unraveling the complexities of the Earth's lithosphere. We present an overview of the analysis conducted on the seismic images generated by the application of high-resolution adjoint tomography for the lithosphere beneath Southern Italy and the Adriatic region. Recently, we have proposed IMAGINE_IT, a reference 3D high-resolution seismic tomography model for tectonic and geological structures of the Italian lithosphere. Enhanced accuracy is enabled by state-of-the-art methods, including three-dimensional wavefield simulations based on SPECFEM3D in combination with an adjoint-state method. Adria plate plays a peculiar role in the geodynamics of the Central Mediterranean. It is the foreland of non-coeval mountain ranges and its margins are consumed in the process by subduction systems under the Alps to the north, the Apennines to the west and the Dinarides to the east. The complex behavior of this system and the large geographical heterogeneity in data availability lead to a fragmented understanding of the Adria plate. In particular, its lithospheric structure, in terms of Vp and Vs profiles, is poorly known due to a lack of seismic stations, poor earthquake location quality (large observational gaps), and the consequent lack of coverage by classical seismic tomography methods. The uncertainties increase the difficulty of correctly assessing the seismic hazard along the Adriatic coasts (including tsunami hazard evaluation). Here, we present additional details of this region, such as the mid-Adriatic ridge, and a preliminary set of iterations that exploit 7 years of additional data (IMAGINE_IT was limited to data until 2015) and the recent deployment of very dense regional arrays of broadband seismic stations– the 2016-2019 AlpArray and the AdriaArray Seismic Network currently under installation – which provide a new opportunity to improve our comprehension of the area. Furthermore, we focus on southern Italy, starting from L’Aquila region up to Calabrian Arc. The analysis of the images produced by high-resolution adjoint tomography IMAGINE_IT reveals intricate details of the lithospheric architecture, including crustal thickness variations, seismic velocity anomalies, and (lack of) subduction-related features.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Keywords: 3D velocity model ; Italian Lithosphere ; adjoint tomography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 109
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    Environmental impact of e-fuels via the solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) route for use in Germany (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: This paper examines the current and prospective greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of e-fuels produced via electrolysis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the years 2021, 2030, and 2050 for use in Germany. The GHG emissions are determined by a scenario approach as a combination of a literature-based top-down and bottom-up approach. Considered process steps are the provision of feedstocks, electrolysis (via solid oxide co-electrolysis; SOEC), synthesis (via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; FTS), e-crude refining, eventual transport to, and use in Germany. The results indicate that the current GHG emissions for e-fuel production in the exemplary export countries Saudi Arabia and Chile are above those of conventional fuels. Scenarios for the production in Germany lead to current GHG emissions of 2.78-3.47 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2021 as the reference year and 0.064-0.082 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2050. With a share of 58-96%, according to the respective scenario, the electrolysis is the main determinant of the GHG emissions in the production process. The use of additional renewable energy during the production process in combination with direct air capture (DAC) are the main leverages to reduce GHG emissions.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 110
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    Analysing direct air capture for enabling negative emissions in Germany : an assessment of the resource requirements and costs of a potential rollout in 2045 (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Direct air capture (DAC) combined with subsequent storage (DACCS) is discussed as one promising carbon dioxide removal option. The aim of this paper is to analyse and comparatively classify the resource consumption (land use, renewable energy and water) and costs of possible DAC implementation pathways for Germany. The paths are based on a selected, existing climate neutrality scenario that requires the removal of 20 Mt of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year by DACCS from 2045. The analysis focuses on the so-called "low-temperature" DAC process, which might be more advantageous for Germany than the "high-temperature" one. In four case studies, we examine potential sites in northern, central and southern Germany, thereby using the most suitable renewable energies for electricity and heat generation. We show that the deployment of DAC results in large-scale land use and high energy needs. The land use in the range of 167-353 km2 results mainly from the area required for renewable energy generation. The total electrical energy demand of 14.4 TWh per year, of which 46% is needed to operate heat pumps to supply the heat demand of the DAC process, corresponds to around 1.4% of Germany's envisaged electricity demand in 2045. 20 Mt of water are provided yearly, corresponding to 40% of the city of Cologne's water demand (1.1 million inhabitants). The capture of CO2 (DAC) incurs levelised costs of 125-138 EUR per tonne of CO2, whereby the provision of the required energy via photovoltaics in southern Germany represents the lowest value of the four case studies. This does not include the costs associated with balancing its volatility. Taking into account transporting the CO2 via pipeline to the port of Wilhelmshaven, followed by transporting and sequestering the CO2 in geological storage sites in the Norwegian North Sea (DACCS), the levelised costs increase to 161-176 EUR/tCO2. Due to the longer transport distances from southern and central Germany, a northern German site using wind turbines would be the most favourable.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 111
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    Greater flamingos as winged flagship species at the boundaries of Circeo Man and Biosphere Reserve (2024)
    Self-published | Sabaudia, Italy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: The greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus, Pallas 1811) is a typical migratory Mediterranean species, even if considered nesting in the area only from few years to date, with a first documentation of a nesting event in Italy in 1993 (Schenk et al., 1995; Béchet et al., 2009). The typical coloring pattern due to the feeding strategy adopted by these migrating birds make the species particularly interesting from the wider audience. It is what was observed in the nearby of the transitional ecosystems associated to the brackish water of Caprolace Lake. This place is not so crowded normally, but due to the presence of many photographers and curious observers the presence of the pinkish colony turned rapidly the lake shores into a meeting point for many curious eyes attracted from this natural astonishing event. On 2nd February is normally celebrated the World Wetland Day and this contribution is published accordingly, in order to celebrate somehow these field observations occurred in the nearby of this important date, considered as the anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, signed in Ramsar on 2 February 1971.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Wetlands biodiversity ; Greater flamingo ; Migratory species ; Nesting birds ; Phoenicopterus roseus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 5pp.
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  • 112
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    Evolution sédimentaire spatio-temporelle du cordon sableux de la lagune de Ghar El Melah (Golfe de Tunis). (2024)
    Université de Tunis El Manar. Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (FST). Département de Géologie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’étudier la dynamique sédimentaire et de comprendre l’évolution spatio-temporelle du cordon sableux de Ghar El Melah. La méthodologie s’appuie sur une approche multicritère: une analyse sédimentologique permettant une caractérisation texturale des sédiments du lido de la lagune, complétée par une analyse statistique modale qui identifie les Types Sédimentaires (ST) et une quantification du flux éolien Un total de 37 échantillons superficiel a été prélevés et 28 échantillons récoltés par les pièges à sables au niveau du cordon sableux (lido) de Ghar El Melah, golfe de Tunis, Méditerranée. L’étude sédimentologique révèle que la majorité des sédiments (97 %) sont types sableux et 3 % appartient au faciès silteux. Les sédiments récoltés sont principalement unimodaux (Mo= 0,16) montrant un facies sableux homogène avec des sables moyens à fins avec une valeur de Mz compris entre 1,96 et 2,97 Phi, bien à très bien classés avec une valeur de l’écart type variant entre 0,11 et 0,40 Phi. L’analyse statistique modale montre que les sédiments sableux sont formés par un mélange de quatre types sédimentaires STI 86 %, STII 9 %, STIII 3% et STIV 2%. Le mélange de ce type sédimentaire présents au niveau du lido de la lagune témoigne l’origine des sédiments de la plage. Ce qui prouve que les sédiments sont issus de l’apport terrigène de Medjerda et de l’action des forces hydrodynamiques (vagues, courants et houles). La quantification du flux éolien montre que le lido de Ghar El Melah est soumis à une forte turbulence et d’érosion, la méthode employée consiste à quantifier la masse des particules mise en mouvement par le vent. Elle est caractérisée par un vent de direction NNO qui dépassant le 10 m/s dans certains cas. La vitesse de seuil de mouvement la plus élevé qui a balayé le sol lors de mesure du flux est de 0,0022 Kg/m/min avec une vitesse de 0,639 m/s bien que la vitesse de vent entrainant le mouvement des sables soit freinée par divers facteurs tel que la largeur et la morphologie de la plage, la pente et la topographie la granulométrie des sédiments, etc. la validation de résultat expérimental avec les formules empirique et semi-empirique montre que la formule la plus adaptée en notre secteur est celle de Zingg (1953).
    Description: The objective of this thesis is to study the sedimentary dynamics and to understand the spatio temporal evolution of the sand rim of Ghar El Melah. The methodology is based on a multi-criteria approach: a sedimentological analysis allowing a textural characterization of the sediments of the lido of the lagoon, completed by a modal statistical analysis which identifies the Sedimentary Types (ST) and a quantification of the wind flow A total of 37 samples surface was collected and 28 samples collected by the sand traps at the level of the sandy rim (lido) of Ghar El Melah, Gulf of Tunis, Mediterranean. The sedimentological study reveals that most of the sediments (97%) are sandy types and 3% belong to the silty facies. The collected sediments are mainly unimodal (Mo = 0, 16) showing homogeneous sandy facies with medium to fine sands with a value of Mz between 1.96 and 2.97 Phi, well to very well classified with a value of the standard deviation varying between 0.11 and 0, 40 Phi. Statistical modal analysis shows that sandy sediments are formed by a mixture of four sedimentary types STI 86%, STII 9%, STIII 3% and STIV 2%. The mixture of this type of sediment present at the level of the lido of the lagoon testifies to the origin of the sediments of the beach. This proves that the sediments come from the terrigenous contribution of Medjerda and from the action of hydrodynamic forces (waves, currents, and swells). The quantification of the wind flow shows that the lido of Ghar El Melah is subject to strong turbulence and erosion, the method used consists in quantifying the mass of particles set in motion by the wind. It is characterized by a wind direction NNW which exceeds 10 m/s in certain cases. The highest threshold speed of movement which swept the ground during the measurement of the flow is 0.0022 Kg/m/min with a speed of 0.639 m/s although the wind speed causing the movement of the sands is slowed down by various factors such as the width and the morphology of the beach, the slope and the topography, the granulometry of the sediments, etc. the validation of experimental results with the empirical and semi-empirical formulas shows that the most suitable formula in our sector is that of Zingg (1953).
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: dynamique sédimentaire ; flux éolien ; le vent ; sediment dynamics ; wind flow ; wind ; Mediterranean
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 110 pp
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    Tappo per vasi di Dewar utilizzante sensori a ultrasuoni per il monitoraggio del livello di liquidi criogenici, e relativo sistema criogenico (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: La presente invenzione si pone nel campo dei sistemi di criogenia, in particolare dei vasi di Dewar e dei sistemi che li utilizzano. Si tratta di una soluzione per il monitoraggio del livello del liquido criogenico all'interno di un vaso di Dewar. Il tappo brevettato consente di preservare il funzionamento di un comune sensore prodotto per lavorare a temperatura ambiente consentendo l'applicazione di tecnologia a basso costo.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Description: Published
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Keywords: dewar ; liquido criogenico ; azoto liquido ; low cost ; monitoraggio ; mantenimento ; 03.04. Chemical and biological ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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    Divari di genere nelle scienze della terra: uno sguardo preliminare (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: L’articolo richiama l’attenzione sulla distribuzione di genere nel settore dell’alta formazione in Italia e all’estero per le scienze della terra e offre un'analisi della situazione delle ricercatrici nell’INGV e in altri enti pubblici di ricerca quali CNR, OGS, ISPRA studiandone i pattern per rilevare differenze e similitudini.
    Description: Published
    Description: 87-94
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Keywords: genere ; statistiche di genere ; forbice delle carriere ; benessere lavorativo ; donne nella scienza
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    Pilsbrylia, a dextral-shelled door snail from South America (Gastropoda, Clausiliidae) (2024)
    In:  Zoosystematics and Evolution vol. 100 no. 1, pp. 9-14
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: The land snail genus Pilsbrylia Hylton Scott, 1952 has been recently shown to not belong to the superfamily to which it was originally assigned (i.e., the Orthalicoidea), instead pointing out a relationship with the Clausilioidea. In this study, we included the \ntype species of the genus in a multi-marker molecular phylogenetic framework to reassess its family-level classification. Our results \nshow that Pilsbrylia belongs to family Clausiliidae (known as \xe2\x80\x98door snails\xe2\x80\x99) and more specifically, to subfamily Peruiniinae. This \nfamily is unique among stylommatophorans for consisting almost exclusively of animals with sinistral (left-handed) shells, whilst \nPilsbrylia has a \xe2\x80\x9ctypical\xe2\x80\x9d dextral shell.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    Understanding and addressing shortfalls in European wild bee data (2024)
    In:  Biological Conservation vol. 290, pp. 110455-110455
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: Understanding and reversing biodiversity decline in the Anthropocene requires robust data on species taxonomic \nidentity, distribution, ecology, and population trends. Data deficits hinder biodiversity assessments and conservation, and despite major advances over the past few decades, our understanding of bee diversity, decline and \ndistribution in Europe is still hampered by such data shortfalls. Using a unique digital dataset of wild bee \noccurrence and ecology, we identify seven critical shortfalls which are an absence of knowledge on geographic \ndistributions, (functional) trait variation, population dynamics, evolutionary relationships, biotic interactions, \nspecies identity, and tolerance to abiotic conditions. We describe \xe2\x80\x9cBeeFall,\xe2\x80\x9d an interactive online Shiny app tool, \nwhich visualizes these shortfalls and highlights missing data. We also define a new impediment, the Keartonian \nImpediment, which addresses an absence of high-quality in situ photos and illustrations with diagnostic characteristics and directly affects the outlined shortfalls. Shortfalls are highly correlated at both the provincial and \nnational scales, identifying key areas in Europe where knowledge gaps can be filled. This work provides an \nimportant first step towards the long-term goal to mobilize and aggregate European wild bee data into a multiscale, easy access, shareable, and updatable database which can inform research, practice, and policy actions for \nthe conservation of wild bees.
    Keywords: Knowledge gaps ; Big data ; Online tool ; Biodiversity decline ; Citizen science ; Biodiversity monitoring
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    Why are plants named after witches and devils in north-western Europe? (2024)
    In:  Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol. 325 no. 117804
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Witches in Western Europe are associated with the use of medicinal, abortifacient, hallucinogenic, and toxic plants. Curiously, these associations are not backed up by first-hand evidence and \nhistorians are unconvinced that people convicted as witches were herbalists. Local plant names provide an \nuntapped source for analysing witchcraft\xe2\x80\x93plant relationships. \nAim of the study: We analysed vernacular plant names indicating an association with witches and devils to find \nout why these species and witchcraft were linked. \nMaterials and methods: We constructed a database with vernacular names containing the terms witch and devil in \nrelated north-west European languages. The devil was added because of its association with witchcraft. The plant \nspecies\xe2\x80\x99 characteristics (e.g., medicinal use, toxicity) were assessed to determine if there were non-random associations between these traits and their names. \nResults: We encountered 1263 unique vernacular name\xe2\x80\x93taxa combinations (425 plant taxa; 97 families). Most \nspecies named after witches and/or devils were found within the Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae. For \nDutch, German and English we confirmed associations between witchcraft names and toxicity. Hallucinogenic \nplants do not appear to be associated with witch-names. For Dutch, we found significant associations between \nplant names and medicinal and apotropaic uses, although we did not find any association with abortifacient \nqualities. \nConclusions: This study demonstrates that there is a wide variety of plants associated with witches and the devil in \nnorth-western Europe. Plant names with the terms witch and devil were likely used in a pejorative manner to \nname toxic and weedy plants, and functioned as a warning for their harmful properties. Our study provides novel \ninsights for research into the history of witchcraft and its associated plant species.
    Keywords: Abortion ; Botany ; Hallucinogenic ; Historical sources ; Toxins ; Witch ; Devil ; Witches\xe2\x80\x99 plant ; Ethnobotany ; Toxic plants ; Local plant names
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    High CO2 in the mantle source of ocean island basanites (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: Some of the most CO2-rich magmas on Earth are erupted by intraplate ocean island volcanoes. Here, we characterise olivine-hosted melt inclusions from recent (〈10 ky) basanitic tephra erupted by Fogo, the only active volcano of the Cape Verde Archipelago in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. We determine H2O, S, Cl, F in glassy melt inclusions and recalculate the total (glass + shrinkage bubbles) CO2 budget by three independent methodologies. We find that the Fogo parental basanite, entrapped as melt inclusion in forsterite-rich (Fo80-85) olivines, contains up to ~2.1 wt% CO2, 3–47 % of which is partitioned in the shrinkage bubbles. This CO2 content is among the highest ever measured in melt inclusions in OIBs. In combination with ~2 wt% H2O content, our data constrain an entrapment pressure range for the most CO2-rich melt inclusion of 648–1430 MPa, with a most conservative estimate at 773–1020 MPa. Our results therefore suggest the parental Fogo melt is stored in the lithospheric mantle at minimum depths of ~27 to ~36 km, and then injected into a vertically stacked magma ponding system. Overall, our results corroborate previous indications for a CO2-rich nature of alkaline ocean island volcanism. We propose that the Fogo basanitic melt forms by low degrees of melting (F = 0.06–0.07) of a carbonenriched mantle source, containing up to 355–414 ppm C. If global OIB melts are dominantly as carbon-rich as our Fogo results suggest, then OIB volcanism may cumulatively outgas
    Description: Published
    Description: 93-111
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Alkaline ocean islands ; Intraplate volcanism ; Fogo volcano ; Melt inclusions ; Cape Verde
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Documento nacional propuesta para el manejo costero integrado en la República de Panamá (2024)
    Red IBERMAR (CYTED) | Cádiz, España
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Description: Se presenta la propuesta pionera del documento nacional para implementar el manejo costero integrado en la República de Panamá. El mismo esta basado en el diagnóstico elaborado previamente utilizando la metodología del Decálogo de la Universidad de Cádiz, España.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section
    Format: pp. 57-70
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    Avances en la elaboración de los planes de manejo costero integral en Panamá (2024)
    Grupo GIAL. Universidad de Cádiz. | Cádiz, Spain
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Description: La República de Panamá bajo el marco de la importancia que tiene para el país la implementación del manejo costero integrado, como estrategia para resolver de manera integral los problemas de las comunidades costeras y el uso sostenible de los recursos marinos y costeros, ha venido avanzado en la elaboración de los planes de manejo costero integral de varias regiones. Estas regiones son el Golfo de San Miguel, provincia de Darién, en Bocas del Toro, el Archipiélago de las Perlas y la península sur de Azuero. Estas regiones son consideradas como zonas especiales de manejo y han sido priorizadas para elaborar estos planes principalmente por sus comunidades costeras, por la gran biodiversidad de recursos marinos y costeros, así como por el desarrollo de actividades productivas, como la pesca y el turismo, que se realizan en las mismas. De manera general, los planes de manejo costero integral elaborados hasta la fecha están basados en la metodología establecida por el grupo de expertos del GESAMP. Así cada plan cuenta con cinco Fases. En la Fase I, se han elaborado los diagnósticos pertinentes de las regiones en mención, identificando los problemas de las comunidades, sus actores, así también se ha colectado información sobre aspectos físicos, socio-económicos y biológicos. En el diagnóstico se incluye el análisis y priorización de problemas, así como la información existente sobre las condiciones, uso y espacio de los recursos marino-costeros, se identifican los problemas existentes de manejo, así como los aspectos legales e institucionales relacionados con la ordenación, manejo, conservación, actividades productivas y la identificación de conflictos. En la Fase 2, se incluyen las propuestas establecidas por los residentes de las comunidades para la solución de los conflictos. En la Fase 3, se incluyen las estrategias de gestión y de autorización oficial para la implementación de los planes de manejo costero integral. En la Fase 4 se considera la implementación de los planes de manejo costero integral. Sobre este último aspecto en Panamá se han estado implementados planes de acción muy puntuales, pues se requieren fuertes financiamientos para el desarrollo de dichas acciones. En la Fase 5 se incluyen las acciones de seguimiento y evaluación de los planes de manejo. En nuestro país, estos planes de manejo costero integrado han sido elaborados por diferentes firmas consultoras ambientales. Adicional a los planes de manejo se cuenta con un documento denominado ATLAS, el cual hace un recuento de la descripción física de las zonas marino-costeras del área, los sistemas hidrológicos, los recursos marinos y costeros, la descripción política administrativa del área, los usos de los recursos marinos y del espacio marino costero, los indicadores sociales y la vulnerabilidad costera entre otros temas. Se requiere implementar las líneas de acción propuestas en los diferentes planes de manejo para garantizar un manejo adecuado de los valiosos recursos marino-costeros de las regiones priorizadas establecidas en la República de Panamá.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Coastal zone
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section
    Format: pp. 1497-1501
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    Estructura comunitaria de peces arrecifales en el Parque Nacional Coiba, provincia de Veraguas, Panamá (2024)
    GCFI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Description: La estructura de la comunidad de peces puede ser descrita por atributos ecológicos, como riqueza, abundancia y biomasa. Los peces de arrecife tienen gran importancia desde el punto de vista ecológico ya que son especies claves dentro de las redes tróficas locales y regionales. La comunidad de peces arrecifales en la región ha sido estudiada en términos de estructura, preferencia de hábitats y composición de especies. Este estudio tiene el propósito de actualizar la información acerca de la estructura comunitaria de los peces arrecifales y el estado de conservación del Parque Nacional Coiba (PNC). El monitoreo submarino se realizó durante los meses de temporada seca (marzo) y lluviosa (agosto) de 2014, mediante censos visuales. Los datos fueron procesados para conocer la estructura de la comunidad en términos de riqueza (S´), abundancia (N´), diversidad (H´) y uniformidad (J´). El estado de conservación de los sitios del PNC se dilucido mediante un análisis multicriterio. Se monitorearon un total de 18 sitios (225 transectos), registrando 125,399 individuos pertenecientes a 130 especies, siendo la damisela cola de tijera (C. atrilobata), el cardenal (P. colonus) y la vieja arcoiris (T. lucasanum) las especies dominantes. Los sitios mejor conservados encontrados del PNC fueron Don Juan, Bajo del Pulpo, Mali Mali, Dos Tetas, Islote Santa Cruz y Machete Punta. Por el contrario, los más deteriorados fueron Sueño del Pescador, Machete, Buffete, Ballena, Catedral y Uva. Este estudio establecerá una línea base en cuanto al conocimiento de las comunidades de peces arrecifales, permitiendo a los tomadores de decisiones implementar medidas para mejorar o conservar el estado del PNC.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Estructura comunitaria ; Peces arrecifales ; Indices ecológicos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: pp.29-34
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    Diagnóstico de la gestión del litoral en la República de Panamá (2024)
    Red IBERMAR (CYTED) | Cádiz, España
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Description: La República de Panamá posee un territorio marítimo con una superficie de 319.823.9 km2 versus una superficie total emergida de 75.517 km2. El país posee una importante longitud de sus costas, que comprenden un total de 2.988,3 kilómetros. De éstos, 1.700,6 km corresponden al litoral Pacífico y 1.287,7 km al litoral Caribe. La superficie continental del Istmo de Panamá se caracteriza por tierras bajas y colinas menores de 700 msnm, las cuales comprenden un 70 % del total. El Istmo con su forma característica de una “S” acostada se encuentra separado en dos Vertientes, Pacífico y Caribe, por la formación longitudinal de la denominada Cordillera Central, ubicada casi a todo lo largo del istmo y ella constituye el parte aguas y determina el clima en ambas vertientes. La Cordillera Central forma la región denominada las tierras altas, que comprenden la Cordillera Central, la Cadena Occidental, el Macizo del Canajagua y las Serranías de San Blas y Darién. Siendo el Volcán Barú con 3.475 msnm el punto más alto del país (Contraloría General de la República, 2005 y 2006).
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section
    Format: pp. 73-90
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    Campaign Report: IceBird Summer 2024 - Polar 5 (2024)
    Alfred Wegener Institute
    In:  EPIC3Alfred Wegener Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Other , notRev
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    Bergordnung Herzog Georg von Sachsen 1520 (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: Diese Bergordnung, erlassen im Jahr 1520, wiederholt die 103 Paragrafen der Annaberger Bergordnung aus dem Jahr 1509 sowie die dort aufgeführten Eide. Zusätzlich wurden ihr weitere 32 Paragrafen hinzugefügt, die in der Zeit zwischen 1510 und 1519 erlassen wurden. Mit dem Druck der neuen Bergordnung wollte man den Text der alten Bergordnung und die inzwischen erlassenen Paragrafen in einem Buch zusammenfassen. Obwohl auch in den neuen Paragrafen immer wieder Bezug auf Annaberg genommen wurde, war es aber schon in der Einleitung deutlich, dass diese Bergordnung für die gesamte Grafschaft Sachsen Gültigkeit hatte. Ausgenommen, waren auch hier die Bergwerke in Freiberg.
    Description: source
    Keywords: Herzog Georg von Sachsen ; Annaberg ; Freiberg ; Dresden ; Sachsen ; Silberbergbau ; Bergordnung
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , updatedVersion
    Format: 47
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    IceBird Summer 2021 Campaign: Sea ice surveys with Polar 6 from Station Nord (2024)
    Alfred Wegener Institute
    In:  EPIC3Alfred Wegener Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-20
    Description: Changes in Arctic sea ice thickness are the result of complex interactions of the dynamic and variable ice cover with atmosphere and ocean. The availability of satellite-based estimates of Arctic-wide sea ice thickness changes is limited to the winter months. However, in light of recent model predictions of a nearly ice-free Arctic in summer and to understand the role of sea ice for the causes and consequences of a warming climate, long-term and large-scale sea ice thickness and surface observations during the melt season are more important than ever. The AWI airborne sea ice survey program ‘IceBird Summer’ aims to close this gap by conducting regular measurements over sea ice in summer in key regions of the Arctic Ocean. The survey program comprises and continues all airborne ice thickness measurements obtained since 2001 in the central Arctic, Fram Strait and the last ice area. The objective is to ensure the long-term availability of a unique data record of direct sea ice thickness and surface state observations (deliverable of AWI research program POFIV, Topic 2.1: Warming Climates). Sea ice thickness measurements are obtained with a tethered electromagnetic sensor, the AEM-Bird. Jointly with the ice thickness measurements, optical and laser systems are operated to derive sea ice surface models and melt pond distribution.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The Impact of Profiles Data Assimilation on an Ideal Tropical Cyclone Case (2024)
    MDPI
    In:  EPIC3REMOTE SENSING, MDPI, 16(2), pp. 430-430, ISSN: 2072-4292
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-20
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Profile measurements play a crucial role in operational weather forecasting across diverse scales and latitudes. However, assimilating tropospheric wind and temperature profiles remains a challenging endeavor. This study assesses the influence of profile measurements on numerical weather prediction (NWP) using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled to the parallel data assimilation framework (PDAF) system. Utilizing the local error-subspace transform Kalman filter (LESTKF), observational temperature and wind profiles generated by WRF are assimilated into an idealized tropical cyclone. The coupled WRF-PDAF system is adopted to carry out the twin experiments, which employ varying profile densities and localization distances. The results reveal that high-resolution observations yield significant forecast improvements compared to coarser-resolution data. A cost-effective balance between observation density and benefit is further explored through the idealized tropical cyclone case. According to diminishing marginal utility and increasing marginal costs, the optimal observation densities for U and V are found around 26–27%. This may be useful information to the meteorological agencies and researchers.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Are Foreshocks Fore‐Shocks? (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-19
    Description: Foreshocks are spatially clustered seismic events preceding large earthquakes. Since the dawn of seismology, their occurrence has been identified as a possible mechanism leading to further crustal destabilization, hence, to major failures. However, several cases occurred without any previous anomalous seismic activity, so that the hypothesis of foreshocks as reliable seismic precursors fails to pass statistical tests. Here, we perform an all‐round statistical comparative analysis of seismicity in Southern California to assess whether any differences can be identified between swarms and foreshocks. Our results suggest that extremely variable seismic patterns can forerun mainshocks, even though they tend to be preceded by clusters with more numerous events spread over larger areas than swarms and with a wider range of magnitudes. We provide a physical explanation of such dissimilarity and conclude, despite it, that foreshocks can hardly be reliable short‐ term precursors of large earthquakes in California.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JB027337
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Foreshocks ; Earthquake prediction ; Seismic forecasting ; Earthquake ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    GEOQUEST TROPOMAG DIGITAL ADVENTURE PATH: WHEN SCIENCE IS A GAME (2024)
    inScience Press, Rua Tomas Ribeiro, 45, 1º D, 1050-225 Lisboa, Portugal
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-20
    Description: Game is a powerful educational tool able to involve students and keep their attention high, promoting cognitive development, discoveries, reasoning, and thinking. It is also an effective active form of learning which consolidates the acquired knowledge and carries out an authentic assessment through reality tasks and immediate feedback typical of the use of the digital games. Our gamy-learning experimentation focuses on new methods and practices of science communication, with the aim to face the challenge of educating about natural risks and climate change. The goal is to facilitate the automatic choice of good practices, by stimulating mind, intuition and logic in the perspective of teambuilding in school-based civic education. The proper application of technological tools is a valuable aid for conscious communication for the next generation. A Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Education is experienced, in order to test the efficacy of our GeoQuest TROPOMAG digital adventure, and pave the ground for the implementation of the storytelling in an integrated table game. Our climate change role-playing videogame explores phenomena related to the possible effects of changes in the Earth's magnetic field on the atmosphere. The virtual adventure path is played on smartphones and follows alternative paths chosen by the players to develop the storytelling. As a result, students play not only “just for fun”, but also to actively participate in their learning process and acquisition of new knowledge, skills and competences in environmental issues.
    Description: Published
    Description: Lisbona
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Keywords: Gamification ; digital game based learning ; computer supported collaborative learning education ; climate change ; geomagnetism ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 04.05. Geomagnetism ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 01.03. Magnetosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 129
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    Moving Hybrid Zones; When Two Species Meet, Mate, and Compete (2024)
    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  Frontiers for Young Minds vol. 12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: When parents of two dierent species have babies together, those \nbabies are called hybrids. In nature, hybrids are often born in the \nregion where the ranges of their parent species meet. This region is \ncalled a hybrid zone. We know that species change their ranges all the \ntime, and we also know that some species compete with each other \nfor food or living space. This means that, if one of the two parent \nspecies manages to expand its range, the other species may be forced \nto retreat. If that were to happen, the hybrid zone between the two \nspecies\xe2\x80\x99 ranges should move, right? Even though researchers used \nto think that hybrid zone movement was rare, recent studies suggest \notherwise. In this article, we will tell you what hybrid zones are, how \nthey form, why their position may shift over time, and what we can \nlearn from this movement
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Contributions to the phylogeny of the haplolepideous mosses (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: The haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) comprise about 4000 species distributed over a wide range of habitats, with great gametophytic and sporophytic morphological variation. Their monophyly is well supported by the results of several molecular phylogenetic studies, which shed light on their relationships and circumscriptions, and thus also contributed to identify many remaining problems. Dicranidae ordinal classification is not congruent with current relationship hypotheses and is not supported by morphology. Morphological circumscriptions of some families do not correspond to monophyletic groups. Furthermore, the monophyly of many families and genera with weak morphological circumscriptions remains to be tested. In this thesis, systematics and relationships of the leucobryoid mosses and some families and genera segregated from the former Dicranaceae s.l. were studied using molecular phylogenetic methods. 37 out of the 38 haplolepideous moss families were represented by markers from the three genomes (nrITS, nad5, trnS-trnF, atpB-rbcL). Phylogenetic reconstructions were based on maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Ancestral state reconstructions, phylogenetic network analysis (NeighborNet), and relationship hypothesis testing (Shimodaira-Hasegawa test) were performed to contribute to the interpretation of the results of the phylogenetic reconstructions. Morphological circumscriptions were evaluated and improved whenever possible, in line with the results of all analyses performed.
    Keywords: Bryophyte ; Dicranidae ; Haplolepideous mosses ; Taxonomy ; Phylogenetics ; Molecular systematics ; Leucobryoid morphology ; Polyphyly
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Extending the calibration traceability of longwave radiation time-series (ExTrac) (2024)
    AIP Publishing
    In:  EPIC3AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2988(1), pp. 060011-, ISSN: 0094-243X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 132
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    Ancient Permafrost, Yedoma, and all its Organic Matter: Contribution of the D-A-CH Permafrost Union to the Upcoming Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: This contribution provides a short summary of three permafrost-related contributions to the upcoming 3rd volume of the Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science. There are 24 chapters on ‘Permafrost and Periglacial Features’, and three of those are led by authors from the D-A-CH Permafrost Community. Specifically, these are ‘Ancient and past permafrost’, ‘Yedoma: Late Pleistocene ice-rich syngenetic permafrost of Beringia’ and ‘Organic matter storage and vulnerability in the permafrost domain’. With this presentation, we aim to give you a short introduction and show the key figures out of these three encyclopaedia chapters already now. In more detail, the broader perspective on ancient permafrost dynamics examines its formation, stability, and degradation in response to climate variations over the Quaternary. This encyclopaedia contribution distinguishes between ancient permafrost persisting since the Pleistocene and past permafrost, no longer existing at a specific locality. Recent research challenges traditional associations between permafrost and glacial periods, highlighting the complexity of permafrost responses to climate change. The Yedoma segment delves into the unique depositional processes of late Pleistocene Beringia, where a cold, dry climate fostered Yedoma formation due to periglacial weathering and syngenetic ice wedge growth. Yedoma hills in Siberia and foothill regions in Alaska, as well as valley fillings in mountain regions in Siberia and Alaska and in the Yukon Territory of western Canada are remnants of this feature, offering insight into paleoenvironmental, cryolithological, sedimentological and large carbon stock characteristics. The permafrost regions soil organic matter chapter synthesizes recent data and shows that this warming-susceptible region holds a staggering ~1500 Gt of organic carbon on land, with an additional ~2800 Gt in subsea permafrost. As permafrost degrades, it releases carbon, affecting ecosystems and greenhouse gas emissions. Projections indicate that the Arctic might release between 55 and 232 Gt of CO2-equivalent by 2100, emphasizing the region’s potential as a significant carbon source. The abovementioned chapters in the upcoming Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science contribute valuable insights into ancient permafrost, Yedoma, and organic matter dynamics in the permafrost domain. Understanding and communicating their complexities and also broader relevance to a wider readership advances not only the knowledge about Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon pool but is vital for climate mitigation considerations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    News from the Klondike Goldfields (Canada) - first results of the AWI expedition Klondike 2023 (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: Over the last 25 years, Canadian scientists have studied the permafrost environmental archives in the Klondike Goldfields south of Dawson City. In 2023, a small Canadian-German team visiting this area to sample mining exposures in the Klondike area. The goal was to conduct studies on ground ice (ice wedges and pore ice) and frozen sediments to reconstruct past landscape and climate conditions. Detailed profiles were sampled at three sites at Little Blanche Creek, Whitman Gulch and Bear Creek. Ice wedges were described in terms of their size, the color of ice, internal structure, existence and form of gas bubbles and were sampled by chain saw as blocks. The frozen sediment was cleaned, and ice, sediment and cryostructures were described, followed by sediment sampling with an axe and hammer. Separately, sediment cores were collected with a battery driven drill for biomarker studies. In our presentation, we present the first results of new field and laboratory studies. This concerns age determinations, sediment data, stable isotopes and hydrochemistry of the ground ice. We expect new knowledge regarding the reconstruction of Late Quaternary environment of Central Yukon.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 134
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    Gold Mining as key to Eastern Beringia - Impressions from the AWI Expedition 2023 to the Klondike Goldfields (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: In the summer of 2023, three colleagues from the AWI Research Unit Potsdam worked together with two Canadian colleagues from the University of Toronto on permafrost outcrops in the vicinity of Dawson City. Dawson City is located in western Canada in the Yukon Territory near the Alaskan border at the mouth of the Klondike River into the Yukon and is known for its gold mining. During the Klondike Gold Rush at the end of the 19th century, tens of thousands of gold miners had spent several years in the Klondike Goldfields digging shafts in the permafrost with fires during the winter, driving tunnels horizontally and bringing the gold-bearing gravels to the surface. In the early 20th century through the 1960s, gold was washed out on a large scale in the main valleys with huge dredges, massively altering the landscape. Today, dozens of smaller and larger gold mines extract the gold placers and further alter the landscape. Huge sand and gravel mountains and long gravel walls with little vegetation cover can still be found on the valley floors today. The very continental climate in the study area leads to very cold winters (up to -50°C) and very warm summers. With temperatures up to 30°C and a very low mosquito density, we were able to sample the permafrost partly in T-shirts. Another consequence of the dry heat with only a few thundershowers were over 100 forest fires in the region, which, in addition to frequent smoke in Dawson City and the surrounding area, also led to evacuations of towns in the wider area and road closures. In the secondary valleys, the ice-rich permafrost overlying gold-bearing gravels is still being thawed with water cannons and removed with excavators. This created short-term opportunities for us to examine fresh permafrost walls. Our group examined and sampled both the long and wide ice wedges and the surrounding ice-rich sediment. Studies of ice chemistry and ice isotopy are planned. Different age determination methods will be carried out on the sediments and the ice. The sediments will be analyzed for grain size, carbon and nitrogen contents, and biomarkers, among other things, and will be available for paleoecological studies to reconstruct environmental conditions before, during, and after the last ice age. We would like to give you an impression of this expedition with some pictures and background information.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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    The Role of Coastal Yedoma Deposits and Continental Shelf Sediments in the Arctic Ocean Silicon Cycle (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 38(1), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: The availability of silicon (Si) in the ocean plays an important role in regulating biogeochemical and ecological processes. The Si budget of the Arctic Ocean appears balanced, with inputs equivalent to outputs, though it is unclear how a changing climate might aggravate this balance. In this study, we focus on Si cycling in Arctic coastal areas and continental shelf sediments to better constrain the Arctic Ocean Si budget. We provide the first estimate of amorphous Si (ASi) loading from erosion of coastal Yedoma deposits (30–90 Gmol yr−1), demonstrating comparable rates to particulate Si loading from rivers (10–90 Gmol yr−1). We found a positive relationship between surface sediment ASi and organic matter content on continental shelves. Combining these values with published Arctic shelf sediment properties and burial rates we estimate 70 Gmol Si yr−1 is buried on Arctic continental shelves, equivalent to 4.5% of all Si inputs to the Arctic Ocean. Sediment dissolved Si fluxes increased with distance from river mouths along cruise transects of shelf regions influenced by major rivers in the Laptev and East Siberian seas. On an annual basis, we estimate that Arctic shelf sediments recycle approximately up to twice as much DSi (680 Gmol Si) as is loaded from rivers (340–500 Gmol Si).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 38(1), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In this second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2), we quantify global coastal ocean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 using an ensemble of global gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. The global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the magnitude of the median net global coastal uptake is ∼60% larger in models (−0.72 vs. −0.44 PgC year−1, 1998–2018, coastal ocean extending to 300 km offshore or 1,000 m isobath with area of 77 million km2). We attribute most of this model-product difference to the seasonality in sea surface CO2 partial pressure at mid- and high-latitudes, where models simulate stronger winter CO2 uptake. The coastal ocean CO2 sink has increased in the past decades but the available time-resolving observation-based products and models show large discrepancies in the magnitude of this increase. The global coastal ocean is a major source of N2O (+0.70 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product and +0.54 PgCO2-e year−1 in model median) and CH4 (+0.21 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product), which offsets a substantial proportion of the coastal CO2 uptake in the net radiative balance (30%–60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the importance of considering the three greenhouse gases when examining the influence of the coastal ocean on climate.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 137
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    Estado del cultivo de la corvina roja Sciaenops ocellatus en estanques (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: Se revisan los procedimientos utilizados en los estudios de crecimiento de la corvina roja en estanques, destacando aquellos usados en Agromarina de Panamá y la Estación Dulceacuícola de Aguadulce (DINAAC) e indicando nuevas directrices.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Maricultura ; Red Drum ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.3-4
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  • 138
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    Application of bioenergetics modelling to fish growth in ponds (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: Se desarrolló un modelo de crecimiento basado en la bioenergética para la corvina roja Sciaenops ocellatus (L) cultivada en Panamá durante 1987-1989. El modelo fue capaz de predecir el crecimiento del pez en forma significativa r2 = 0.921 to 0.999, n = 14, a pesar de existir gran variabilidad en los,efectos de diferentes condiciones de cultivo. El modelo fue usado como una herramienta para explorar los efectos de diferentes estrategias de manejo utilizadas durante la fase de engorde del pez. Se encontró que cambios en el orden de 1.0 ppm en el nivel de oxígeno disuelto ocasiona un 60% de engorde del pez. Se encontró que cambios en el orden de 1.00 ppm en el nivel de oxígeno disuelto ocasiona un 60% de ganancia o disminución en el peso promedio observado. El uso de una dieta balanceada con cambios en el orden de un 10% de la energía total suministrada ocasiona un 75% de ganancia o disminución en el peso promedio observado. Los parámetros de crecimiento de este modelo pueden ser fácilmente cambiados para simular alguna otra especie de pez de interés acuícola.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Bioenergetics ; Modelling ; Pond Culture ; Red Drum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.27-30
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  • 139
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    Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacífico de Panamá (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: Los recursos pesqueros abarcan todavía a un importante sector de la economía panameña, pero se requiere aún de contar con una serie de datos de forma continua y más completa con el fin de contar con una data pesquera confiable. Se presenta por vez primera una lista revisada, actualizada y ordenada filogenéticamente con los peces comerciales que ocurren en la costa Pacífica de la República de Panamá. Para ello se consolidó en una sola lista los tres informes gubernamentales disponibles, así como de otras publicaciones recientes sobre peces comerciales del Pacífico panameño. El listado obtenido fue ordenado filogenéticamente siguiendo a Nelson (2018) e incluye una revisión integral de los nombres científicos actualizados con su respectiva autoridad y año según FishBase (2019), así como los principales nombres comunes utilizados localmente. Se obtuvo un total de 223 especies de peces de importancia comercial para el Pacífico de Panamá, correspondientes a 183 peces óseos y 40 cartilaginosos. Para cada récord consolidado de los peces se incluye en dicha lista el orden (N= 24) y la familia (N= 49), así como la autoridad y año válido para cada uno de los mismos. Las familias más representativas listadas fueron Carangidae (28 carángidos), Sciaenidae (25 corvinas), Carcharhinidae (17 tiburones), Serranidae (17 serránidos), Haemulidae (14 roncadores) y Lutjanidae (10 pargos), comprendiendo un 50 % del total (111 especies). Adicionalmente, se encontraron un total de 31 especies de peces comerciales que ocurren en ambas vertientes de Panamá (Pacífico y Caribe), así como a 39 en alguna categoría de amenaza. Se requiere de un mayor esfuerzo en la captura de datos de los desembarques pesqueros a nivel nacional para poder evaluar el comportamiento y medidas a aplicar para algunas de nuestra s pesquerías comerciales.
    Description: ENGLISH ----- Panamanian fishery resources still cover an important economic sector, but it still requires a more complete and continuos data series in order to count on a reliable fishing data. A revised, updated and phylogenetically ordered list is presented for the first time with the commercial fishes that occurs on the Pacific coast of the Republic of Panama. For this, the three available government reports, as well as other recent publications on commercial fish from the Panamanian Pacific, were consolidated into a single list. The obtained list was phylogenetically ordered following Nelson (2018) and included a comprehensive review of the updated scientific names with their respective authority and year according to FishBase (2019), as well as the main common names used locally. A total of 223 commercial fish species for the Pacific of Panama were obtained, corresponding to 183 bony and 40 cartilaginous fish. For each consolidated fish record, the order (N = 24) and the family (N = 49) are included in this list, as well as the authority and valid year for each of them. The most representative families listed were Carangidae (28 jacks), Sciaenidae (25 croakers), Carcharhinidae (17 sharks), Serranidae (17 groupers), Haemulidae (14 grunts), and Lutjanidae (10 snappers), comprising 50 % of the total (111 species). Additionally, a total of 31 commercial fish species were found that occurs on both slopes of Panama (Pacific and Caribbean), as well as 39 under some threat category. A greater effort is required in capturing data on fishing landings at the national level in order to evaluate the behaviour and measures to be applied for some of our commercial fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Commercial fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.198-237
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    Metabolites from the soft coral -associated bacterium Micrococcus sp. strain a-2-28 (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: The marine actinomyces Micrococcus was the most common bacterium among the isolates corals, sponges, and alga isolates. Only a few investigations of natural compounds from Micrococcus sp. were reported previously. This study implicated the soft coral-associated Micrococcus sp. strain A-2-28 (following relative Micrococcus flavus LW4T) for large-scale cultivation, chemical analyses, and biological activities. Whereas crude extract of the strain A-2-28 inhibited only Staphylococcus epidermidis, metabolites profiles and pure compounds from strain A-2-28 showed that this strain produced phytohormone (IAA), metabolized some new compounds which were almost inactive for biological tests. This work suggested that it is possible to plan a new strategy for improving coral health and resilience though their associated microbial.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Soft coral ; Micrococcus sp. ; Compound purification ; Bioassays
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 181-188
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  • 141
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    Bitácora Hidrográfica, No. 26, Mayo 2023. (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: Dirección de Hidrografía y Navegación: 120 años en la ruta del progreso y desarrollo nacional – Cronología de los primeros trabajos realizados por la Comisión Hidrográfica. – Campaña Científica Antar XXIX: La Marina de Guerra del Perú en compromiso con el accionar antártico nacional – Monitoreo de condiciones oceanográficas en la Antártida – Señalización náutica en el territorio antártico – Corrientes marinas en el trayecto Perú-Antártida y alrededor de las Islas Shetland del Sur – Integración de datos geoespaciales para visualización en 3D del medio ambiente marino – Influencia del río Rímac a la Bahía del Callao: una aproximación físicoquímica – Empleo de sistemas Multihaz para la búsqueda de embarcaciones hundidas – Logrando mayor precisión en el uso de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados – Aplicación de drone para levantamientos topográficos – Cañones submarinos y su relación con la propagación de tsunamis – Eficiente Red Geodésica en boyas de señalización náutica – Determinación de la línea de costa empleando imágenes de radar Sentinel 1 – Resolución espacial de imágenes satelitales eficaz aplicación en estudios de análisis multitemporal – Vigencia e importancia de las cartas náuticas impresas – Servicio Mundial de Radioavisos Náuticos en la Dirección de Hidrografía y Navegación
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Oceanografía ; Corrientes marinas ; Señalización náutica ; Cañones submarínos ; Datos geoespaciales ; Red geodésica ; Drones ; Radares ; Cartas náuticas
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 95pp.
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    Status and temporal change in the distribution of seagrass beds andcoral reefs in the waters of Phu Quoc islands, Kien Giang province (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: To assess the status and changes in the distribution of seagrass beds and coral reefs in Phu Quoc from 2005 to 2018, we utilized high-resolution multi-spectrum satellite images, aerial photographs, and Google maps. We collected data from three time periods: 2005 (using ASTER with 15 m resolution), 2010 (using SPOT5 with 10 m resolution), and 2018 (using SENTINEL-2 with 10 m resolution). We also conducted an accuracy assessment of 78 key sites in March-April 2019, representing corals (25 sites), seagrasses (28 sites), rocks (8 sites), and sand (12 sites) through SCUBA diving. The results showed that in 2018, the waters of Phu Quoc contained 513 ha of coral reefs and 10,035 ha of seagrass beds, with 290 ha of coral reefs and 9,185 ha of seagrass beds located within the Phu Quoc marine protected area. While the area of coral reefs remained stable between 2005 and 2018, the seagrass beds experienced a significant decline of 652 ha (6.1%), with most losses occurring at Bai Vong (501 ha; 4.69%), Ong Doi cape - Dam Ngoai island (55 ha; 0.52%), Mot Island and Vinh Dam (42 ha; 0.4% each), and Da Chong cape (12 ha; 0.12%). This decline is largely due to recent infrastructure development for community and tourism purposes, which has caused the degradation of seagrass beds.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: MPA ; Seagrass beds ; Coral reef
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 57-71
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    Visualizing data on permafrost degradation in a pan-arctic pilot service aiming at a non-scientific audience (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Climate change has led to an increase in permafrost warming and thaw at global scale. Land surface change associated with permafrost thaw include the acceleration of Arctic coastal erosion, increased thaw slumping in hillslope regions, the drainage and formation of lakes, as well as an intensification of disturbances on land, such as forest fires and droughts. Thermo-erosion threatens infrastructure and leads to gullying, slumping, and even landslides. Arctic communities living on frozen ground are strongly affected by these processes and are increasingly forced to adapt their livelihoods. In some areas, the relocation of settlements has become the last resort and is already actively planned for several communities in Alaska. Remote sensing analyses can be applied to detect and map permafrost disturbances at high spatial resolution across large regions to quantify landscape change, hydrological dynamics, and permafrost vulnerability. In the ERC PETA-CARB, ESA CCI Permafrost, and NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway projects, a pan-arctic time series covering twenty years was produced using Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI imagery. Following good scientific practice, this data is published via a digital data library and also available through a cloud-based analysis platform to facilitate re-use by other scientists. However, the data is not readily designed and presented to be interpreted by non-scientists and non-experts. In order to make the scientific findings more easily accessible, within the EU Arctic PASSION project we designed a tailored web-based portal specifically targeting non-scientific user communities, stakeholders, and rightsholders as part of the projects Permafrost Pilot Service. With the new portal, the Arctic Landscape EXplorer (ALEX), we provide interactive maps for recent information on land surface changes, hot spots of disturbances, and potential areas of active permafrost thaw and erosion. While focusing on the local to regional scale relevant for private users, as well as local, regional, and state-level decision makers, exploring the data up to the pan-arctic scale may open new avenues for understanding permafrost change for the general public. Recent consultations with local representatives and stakeholders from Alaska aimed to ensure that their actual information needs are met. Having received positive feedback and strong interest in the tool encouraged us to continue our work.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Selective Sorting and Degradation of Permafrost Organic Matter in the Nearshore Zone of Herschel Island (Yukon, Canada) (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(1), ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Erosion of permafrost coasts due to climate warming releases large quantities of organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean. While burial of permafrost OC in marine sediments potentially limits degradation, resuspension of sediments in the nearshore zone potentially enhances degradation and greenhouse gas production, adding to the “permafrost carbon feedback.” Recent studies, focusing on bulk sediments, suggest that permafrost OC derived from coastal erosion is predominantly deposited close to shore. However, bulk approaches disregard sorting processes in the coastal zone, which strongly influence the OC distribution and fate. We studied soils and sediments along a transect from the fast‐eroding shoreline of Herschel Island—〈jats:italic〉Qikiqtaruk〈/jats:italic〉 (Yukon, Canada) to a depositional basin offshore. Sample material was fractionated by density (1.8 g cm〈jats:sup〉−3〈/jats:sup〉) and size (63 μm), separating loose OC from mineral‐associated OC. Each fraction was analyzed for element content (TOC, TN), carbon isotopes (δ〈jats:sup〉13〈/jats:sup〉C, Δ〈jats:sup〉14〈/jats:sup〉C), molecular biomarkers (〈jats:italic〉n〈/jats:italic〉‐alkanes, 〈jats:italic〉n〈/jats:italic〉‐alkanoic acids, lignin phenols, cutin acids), and mineral surface area. The OC partitioning between fractions changes considerably along the transect, highlighting the importance of hydrodynamic sorting in the nearshore zone. Additionally, OC and biomarker loadings decrease along the land‐ocean transect, indicating significant loss of OC during transport. However, molecular proxies for degradation show contrasting trends, suggesting that OC losses are not always well reflected in its degradation state. This study, using fraction partitioning that crosses land‐ocean boundaries in a way not done before, aids to disentangle sorting processes from degradation patterns, and provides quantitative insight into losses of thawed and eroded permafrost OC.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 145
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    The EPOS multi-disciplinary Data Portal for integrated access to solid Earth science datasets (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is a long-term initiative aimed at integrating research infrastructures for solid Earth science in Europe. EPOS provides a sustainable, multidisciplinary user-oriented platform - the EPOS Data Portal - that facilitates data integration, access, use, and re-use, while adhering to the FAIR principles. The paper describes the key governance, community building, and technical aspects for achieving multidisciplinary data integration through the portal. It also outlines the key portal features for aggregating approximately 250 data sources from more than ten different scientific communities. The main architectural concepts underpinning the portal, namely the rich-metadata, the service-driven data provision, and the usage of semantics, are outlined. The paper discusses the challenges encountered during the creation of the portal, describes the community engagement process, and highlights the benefits to the scientific community and society. Future work includes expanding portal functionalities to include data analysis, processing, and visualization and releasing the portal as an open-source software package.
    Description: Published
    Description: 784
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    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 146
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    Seismic risk communication over the past 20 years: An overview of European publications (2024)
    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The widespread lack of awareness of seismic hazard and the inadequate preparedness to protect people and property explains the high cost of damage caused by earthquakes worldwide to date. Efficient communication is of paramount importance as part of effective risk mitigation strategies. Over the past twenty years, efforts have been pursued at the local, regional, national, and international level to disseminate information on seismic hazard to populations at risk.Focusing on Europe, we analyze the main features of seismic risk communication from 2000 to 2022, and present here an overview of the results obtained based on a scoping review of the scientific literature. Our review was conducted on publications selected from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and the information was gathered on the basis of the 5 ‘Ws questions’ (Who, What, When, Where, and Why). Overall, the selected publications document the relatively limited engagement of the scientific community in this risk field compared to other natural disasters. Nevertheless, the growing trend over time of publications dealing with seismic risk communication highlights the effort to attract selected targeted audiences (particularly children), using new contents, methods of implementation, and channels such as social networks and the Internet.
    Description: Published
    Description: Berlino (Germania)
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Keywords: Seismic risk ; communication ; Europe ; scoping review ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 147
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    The December 2018 eruption at Etna volcano: a geochemical study on melt and fluid inclusions (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: This study focus on the Mt Etna December 2018 eruption with the aim of investigating the geochemical characteristics of the feeding magma. New data on major and trace element geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MI) in volcanic products are presented together with the noble gas geochemistry of fluid inclusions (FI) in olivines. The noble gas geochemistry of fluid inclusions (FIs) in olivines was also investigated. The major element composition of MIs is variable from tephrite/trachybasalt to phonotephrite/basaltic trachyandesite, with SiO2 = 45.51–52.72 wt%, MgO = 4.01–6.02 wt%, and CaO/Al2O3 = 0.34–0.72. Trace element patterns of MIs present a typical enrichment in LILE and LREE, depletion in HFSE, and relatively fractionated REE patterns: (La/Lu) N= 18.8–41.08, with Eu/Eu* = (0.5–1.8). Positive anomalies in Sr (Sr/Sr* = 0.8–2.3) and Ba can be ascribed to the assimilation of plagioclase-rich cumulates in the magmatic reservoir. The variable Ba/La (9.8–15.8), K/Nb (260–1037), Ce/Nb (1.9–3.4), Rb/La (0.4–1.6), and Ba/Nb (10.8–25.8) ratios reveal mixing between two types of end-member magmas comparable to those emitted from 1) the 2001 Upper Vents and 2002–03 Northern Fissures (Type-1) and 2) the 2001 Lower Vents and 2002–03 Southern Fissures (Type-2), respectively. Type-2 represents a magma that was under the influence of a crustal component, whereas Type-1 is compatible with a HIMU–MORB-type heterogeneous mantle source. It appears that the 2018 MIs have captured the two different types of magmas, and the lack of homogenization may imply a very fast ascent (a few months). Compatible with the contemporary presence of primordial HIMU–MORB and crust-contaminated end-members are the data on noble gases from FI that highlighted an 3He/4He value of 6.5–6.6Ra. The hypothesis of two different types of magmas, identified by the trace element geochemistry in MIs, is, thus, reinforced by helium isotopic data on FI of the 2018 eruption together with data from other Etnean eruptions and allows the inference of a bicomponent magma mixing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1122132
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: melt inclusions ; fluid inclusions ; trace elements ; noble gases ; Mt. Etna ; 04.08. Volcanology
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  • 148
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    Cascading Machine Learning to Monitor Volcanic Thermal Activity Using Orbital Infrared Data: From Detection to Quantitative Evaluation (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Several satellite missions are currently available to provide thermal infrared data at different spatial resolutions and revisit time. Furthermore, new missions are planned thus enabling to keep a nearly continuous ‘eye’ on thermal volcanic activity around the world. This massive volume of data requires the development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the automatic processing of satellite data in order to extract significant information about volcano conditions in a short time. Here, we propose a robust machine learning approach to accurately detect, recognize and quantify high-temperature volcanic features using Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (S2-MSI) imagery. We use the entire archive of high spatial resolution satellite data containing more than 6000 S2-MSI scenes at ten different volcanoes around the world. Combining a ‘top-down’ cascading architecture, two different machine learning models, a scene classifier (SqueezeNet) and a pixel-based segmentation model (random forest), we achieved a very high accuracy, namely 95%. These results show that the cascading approach can be applied in near-real time to any available satellite image, providing a full description of the scene, with an important contribution to the monitoring, mapping and characterization of volcanic thermal features.
    Description: Published
    Description: 171
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 149
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    European Environmental Metadata (2024)
    SPRINGER
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Research Infrastructures (RI) of the Environment Domain as defined by ESFRI cover the main four subdomains of the complex Earth system (Atmosphere, Marine, Solid Earth, and Biodiversity/Terrestrial Ecosystems), thus forming the cluster of European Environmental and Earth System Research Infrastructures (ENVRIs). The overarching goal is that at the end of the proposed project, all participating RIs have built a set of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data services which enhances the efficiency and productivity of researchers, supports innovation, enables data- and knowledge-based decisions and connects the ENVRI Cluster to the European Open Science Cloud. The focus of the proposed work is on the provision of an environmental metadata catalogue describing in detail the FAIR services produced (or enhanced) in each subdomain; the complete set of thematic data services and tools provided by the ENVRI cluster can then be exposed to the EOSC catalogue of services.
    Description: Published
    Description: 289–294
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 150
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    Integrated Access to Multidisciplinary Data Through Semantically Interoperable Services in a Metadata-Driven Platform for Solid Earth Science (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The ability to use data produced by different sources (social networks, governments, weather sensors etc.) is widely recognized as a key to capitalize the value of data. In the scientific field, such usage may incredibly boost the innovation and foster new discoveries. However, one of the main hurdles is currently represented by the difficulties in achieving the required interoperability to provide integrated access to multi-disciplinary data. The current work presents a metadata-driven approach that uses in a combined way metadata, semantics, and services as key components for providing integrated access to heterogeneous data sources. The integration occurs within a central data integration system, which is driven by a rich metadata catalogue and that can present the data provided by the different data sources in a harmonised way to the end user, by means of RESTful APIs. A real application demonstrating metadata-driven semantic and service interoperability for achieving homogeneous access to multi-disciplinary heterogeneous data sources is illustrated in the case of EPOS, a Research Infrastructure for Solid Earth Science. The advantages in terms of ease of maintenance, of flexibility in plugging different standard without perturbating communities’ long-lasting technical practices, and of ability to track provenance are discussed. Future work for providing open-source implementation of a system built following the proposed approach is also envisaged.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235–247
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 151
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    Data Management in Distributed, Federated Research Infrastructures: The Case of EPOS (2024)
    Ubiquity Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Data management is a key activity when Open Data stewardship through services complying with the FAIR principles is required, as it happens in many National and European initiatives. Existing guidelines and tools facilitate the drafting of Data Management Plans by focusing on a set of common parameters or questions. In this paper we describe how data management is carried out in EPOS, the European Research Infrastructure for providing access to integrated data and services in the solid Earth domain. EPOS relies on a federated model and is committed to remain operational in the long term. In EPOS, five key dimensions were identified for the Federated Data Management, namely the management of: thematic data; e-infrastructure for data integration; community of data providers committed to data provision processes; sustainability; and policies. On the basis of the EPOS experience, which is to some extent applicable to other research infrastructures, we propose additional components that may extend the EU Horizon 2020 Data Management Guidelines template, thus comprehensively addressing the Federated Data Management in the context of distributed Research Infrastructures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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    SHAPEness: A SHACL-Driven Metadata Editor (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) has been recently introduced as a W3C recommendation to define constraints for validating RDF graphs. In this paper a novel SHACL-driven multi-view editor is presented: SHAPEness. It empowers users by offering them a rich interface for assessing and improving the quality of metadata represented as RDF graphs. SHAPEness has been developed and tested in the framework of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS). In this context, the SHAPEness features have proven to be a valuable solution to easily create and maintain valid graphs according to the EPOS data model. The SHACL-driven approach underpinning SHAPEness, makes this tool suitable for a broad range of domains, or use cases, which structure their knowledge by means of SHACL constraints.
    Description: Published
    Description: 274–288
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
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    Type: book chapter
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  • 153
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    EPOS-DCAT-AP 2.0 – State of Play on the Application Profile for Metadata Exchange in the EPOS RI (2024)
    SPRINGER
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Metadata application profiles are widely employed to enable the exchange of metadata between different systems or platforms. DCAT-AP is an application profile of the W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) used as a cross-domain and cross-platform metadata interchange format for data catalogues operated in the European Union. Several extensions of DCAT-AP have been created to address domain-specific requirements. Due to the inherent evolving nature of Research Infrastructures, maintenance and regular updates of such profiles are necessary activities in order to assess the matching with existing and new community requirements. In this paper, we give an overview of the new release of the EPOS-DCAT Application Profile based on DCAT-AP v2.1.0. EPOS-DCAT-AP has been developed, maintained, and adopted by the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure to capture the heterogeneity of the assets provided by diverse scientific communities and to increase findability, accessibility, and usability of multidisciplinary data. EPOS-DCAT-AP is the result of a collaborative ongoing effort of various expertise. This application profile addresses several requirements, and it is suitable for a wide range of applications therefore it can be adopted by other Research Infrastructures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 248-258
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
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  • 154
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    Passive Sampler Derived Profiles and Mass Flows of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) across the Fram Strait in the North Atlantic (2024)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology Letters, American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 155
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    FicD genes in invertebrates: A tale of transposons, pathogenic and integrated viruses (2024)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Gene, Elsevier, 893, pp. 147895-147895, ISSN: 0378-1119
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: Many gene families are shared across the tree of life between distantly related species because of horizontal gene transfers (HGTs). However, the frequency of HGTs varies strongly between gene families and biotic realms suggesting differential selection pressures and functional bias. One gene family with a wide distribution are FIC-domain containing enzymes (FicDs). FicDs catalyze AMPylation, a post-translational protein modification consisting in the addition of adenosine monophosphate to accessible residues of target proteins. Beside the well-known conservation of FicDs in deuterostomes, we report the presence of a conserved FicD gene ortholog in a large number of protostomes and microbial eukaryotes. We also reported additional FicD gene copies in the genomes of some rotifers, parasitic worms and bivalves. A few dsDNA viruses of these invertebrates, including White spot syndrome virus, Cherax quadricarinatus iridovirus, Ostreid herpesvirus-1 and the beetle nudivirus, carry copies of FicDs, with phylogenetic analysis suggesting a common origin of these FicD copies and the duplicated FicDs of their invertebrate hosts. HGTs and gene duplications possibly mediated by endogenous viruses or genetic mobile elements seem to have contributed to the transfer of AMPylation ability from bacteria and eukaryotes to pathogenic viruses, where this pathway could have been hijacked to promote viral infection.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 156
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    Altered Weddell Sea warm- and dense-water pathways in response to 21st-century climate change (2024)
    Copernicus GmbH
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, 20(1), pp. 85-101, ISSN: 1812-0792
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Abstract. The transport of water masses with ocean circulation is a key component of the global climate system. In this context, the Filchner Trough in the southern Weddell Sea is critical, as it is a hotspot for the cross-shelf-break exchange of Dense Shelf Water and Warm Deep Water. We present results from Lagrangian particle tracking experiments in a global-ocean–sea-ice model (FESOM-1.4) which includes ice-shelf cavities and has eddy-permitting resolution on the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf. With backward and forward experiments, we assess changes between a present-day and a future (SSP5-8.5) time slice in the origin of waters reaching the Filchner Ice Shelf front and the fate of waters leaving it. We show that particles reaching the ice-shelf front from the open ocean originate from 173 % greater depths by 2100 (median; 776 m as compared to 284 m for the present day), while waters leaving the cavity towards the open ocean end up at 35 % shallower depths (550 m as compared to 850 m for the present day). Pathways of water leaving the continental shelf increasingly occur in the upper ocean, while the on-shelf flow of waters that might reach the ice-shelf cavity, i.e., at deeper layers, becomes more important by 2100. Simultaneously, median transit times between the Filchner Ice Shelf front and the continental shelf break decrease (increase) by 6 (9.5) months in the backward (forward) experiments. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the sensitivity of regional circulation patterns in the southern Weddell Sea to ongoing climate change, with direct implications for ice-shelf basal melt rates and local ecosystems. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 157
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    Benchmarking a new 2.5D shallow water model for lava flows (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Lava flows associated with effusive volcanic eruptions require accurate modelling in order to forecast potential paths of destruction. This study presents a new depth-averaged model that overcomes the classical shallow water hypothesis by incorporating several enhancements, allowing for a more precise representation of the flow dynamics and behaviour: (i) a parabolic profile which captures the vertical variations in velocity within the flow; (ii) a non-constant vertical profile for temperature, enabling a more realistic representation of thermal gradients within the flowing lava; (iii) a viscoplastic temperature-dependent viscosity model to account for the non-Newtonian behaviour of lava; (iv) a transport equation for temperature accounting for the thermal heat exchanges with the environment and the soil. The first two modifications allow us to describe, under reasonable assumptions, the vertical structure of the flow, and for this reason, we put our model in the class of 2.5D models. To assess the performance of our modified model, comprehensive benchmark tests are conducted using both laboratory experiments and real-world lava flow data related to the 2014–2015 Pico do Fogo, Cape Verde, effusive eruption. The benchmarking analysis demonstrates that this model accurately reproduces, with short execution times, essential flow features such as flow front advancement and cooling processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107935
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lava flows ; numerical model ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 158
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    Surveying volcanic crises exercises: From open-question questionnaires to a prototype checklist (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Volcanic crisis exercises are usually run to test response capabilities, communication protocols, and decision-making procedures by agencies with responsibilities to cope with scenarios of volcanic unrest with inherent uncertainty, such as volcano observatories and/or civil protection authorities. During the last decades, the use of questionnaires has been increased to evaluate people’s knowledge on volcanic hazards and their perception of risk, to better understand their preparedness to respond to emergency measures plans. In this paper, we present a study carried out within the European Network of Observatories and Research Infrastructures for Volcanology project (EUROVOLC) focused on extracting information on the experience gained during volcanic-crisis exercises by the project’s participants and beyond. An open-ended question questionnaire was firstly distributed for a survey within the project community. Through the results obtained, we developed a user-friendly online multi-choice questionnaire that was submitted to the volcanological communities within and outside EUROVOLC. Analyzing the answers to the online questionnaire, we extracted a prototype checklist for guiding the design of such exercises in the future. Our results confirm this type of survey as a very useful tool for gathering information on participants’ experience and knowledge, able to understand which data and information may be useful when designing exercises for scientists, emergency managers and decision makers. In particular, the main lessons learnt regard the need i) to increase training activities involving people exposed to volcanic hazards and media, ii) to improve external communication tools (between players and public/media), equipment and protocols and iii) to better define decision-makers’ needs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107850
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 159
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    IMEX_SfloW2D v2: a depth-averaged numerical flow model for volcanic gas–particle flows over complex topographies and water (2024)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: We present developments to the physical model and the open-source numerical code IMEX_SfloW2D (de' Michieli Vitturi et al., 2019). These developments consist of a generalization of the depth-averaged (shallow-water) fluid equations to describe a polydisperse fluid–solid mixture, including terms for sedimentation and entrainment, transport equations for solid particles of different sizes, transport equations for different components of the carrier phase, and an equation for temperature/energy. Of relevance for the simulation of volcanic mass flows, vaporization and entrainment of water are implemented in the new model. The model can be easily adapted to simulate a wide range of volcanic mass flows (pyroclastic avalanches, lahars, pyroclastic surges), and here we present its application to transient dilute pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). The numerical algorithm and the code have been improved to allow for simulation of sub- to supercritical regimes and to simplify the setting of initial and boundary conditions. The code is open-source. The results of synthetic numerical benchmarks demonstrate the robustness of the numerical code in simulating transcritical flows interacting with the topography. Moreover, they highlight the importance of simulating transient in comparison to steady-state flows and flows in 2D versus 1D. Finally, we demonstrate the model capabilities to simulate a complex natural case involving the propagation of PDCs over the sea surface and across topographic obstacles, through application to Krakatau volcano, showing the relevance, at a large scale, of non-linear fluid dynamic features, such as hydraulic jumps and von Kármán vortices, to flow conditions such as velocity and runout.
    Description: Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (“Fondo finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese”, legge 145/2018), Horizon 2020 (EUROVOLC Transnational Access Grant) and the Natural Environment Research Council (grant nos. NE/T002026/1 and NE/S003509/1)
    Description: Published
    Description: 6309–6336
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geophysical mass flows ; numerical model ; depth-averaged model ; 04.08. Volcanology
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  • 160
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    Lava flow hazard modeling during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland: applications of MrLavaLoba (2024)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: The 6-month-long effusive eruption at the Fagradalsfjall volcano in 2021 is the most visited eruption site in Iceland to date (June 2023), and it needed intense lava flow hazard assessment. In this study we document how strategies for lava flow modeling were implemented using the stochastic model MrLavaLoba to evaluate hazards during this effusive event. Overall, the purposes were threefold: (a) pre-eruption simulations to investigate potential lava inundation of critical infrastructure, (b) syn-eruption simulations for short-term (2-week time frame) lava flow hazard assessment and (c) syn-eruption simulations for long-term (months to years) hazard assessments. Additionally, strategies for lava barrier testing were developed, and syn-eruption topographic models were incorporated into simulations in near real time. The model provided promising results that were shared regularly at stakeholder meetings with the monitoring personnel, scientists and civil-protection representatives helping to identify potential short-term and long-term lava hazards. This included evaluation of the timing of barrier overflow and the filling and spilling of lava from one valley to another. During the crisis the MrLavaLoba model was updated to increase functionality such as by considering multiple active vents. Following the eruption, the model was optimized substantially, decreasing the computational time required for the simulations and speeding up the delivery of final products.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3147–3168
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lava flows ; numerical model ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 161
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    Systematic SO2 emission patterns prior, during, and after Mt. Etna’s paroxysmal phases captured by ultraviolet cameras (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: We used two and a half years long SO2 flux record, obtained using permanent ultraviolet cameras, to characterize changes in degassing dynamics at Mt. Etna volcano from summer 2014 to the end of 2016. Volcanic activity at Mt. Etna was characterized by persistent open-vent degassing periodically interrupted by intense paroxysmal lava fountaining events (in August 2014, December 2015, and May 2016). Results revealed systematic SO2 emission patterns prior, during, and after Etna’s paroxysmal phases, allowing us to identify thresholds between pre-syn-and post-eruptive degassing regimes. The SO2 flux typically peaked during a lava fountain: in the 18 May 2016 example, the averaged SO2 degassing rate was ~158 kg/s, the peak emission was ~260 kg/s, and the total released SO2 mass was ~1700 tons (in 3h). Paroxysmal explosive activity at NSE crater on 11-15 August 2014 was also associated with intense syneruptive SO2 degassing (at 30-40 kg/s levels on a daily average), and was preceded by onset in degassing activity at the same crater 4 days before. During paroxysmal activity on 3-5 December 2015, the SO2 fluxes peaked at 54-103 kg/s from VOR crater, and was preceded by a sizable increase from 10 kg/s (end of November) up to 45.5 kg/s, two days before. The May 16-25 2016 paroxysmal activity was characterized by intense degassing ~2 times higher than the 2016 average (~18 kg/s) and preceded by mild but detectable SO2 flux increases more than one month before its onset. Taken together, our observations, when combined with independent geophysical (thermal and seismic) evidence, allow us to fully characterize the Etna’s degassing dynamics and contribute to our understanding of its shallow plumbing system.
    Description: Published
    Description: Catania
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Keywords: SO2 ; Mt. Etna volcano ; permanent ultraviolet cameras
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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    Risultati del sondaggio sulle politiche di gestione istituzionale dei dati scientifici (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: Il presente rapporto prosegue le attività del Gruppo di lavoro (GdL) Open Science, istituito nel 2021 dalla Consulta dei Presidenti (CoPER) degli Enti Pubblici di Ricerca (EPR) per favorire la promozione delle istanze dell'Open Science tra gli EPR, con le Università rappresentate dalla CRUI e anche con i diversi soggetti che, a vario titolo, partecipano alle tematiche della Scienza Aperta. Il suddetto GdL è suddiviso in Gruppi Tematici che, su base volontaria, provvedono alla preparazione di documenti e azioni per la promozione e il sostegno delle politiche di scienza aperta in Italia, così come pianificato nel documento programmatico, in collaborazione con altri attori operanti sulla scena nazionale. Dopo la pubblicazione dei risultati relativi al sondaggio sulle Politiche e le infrastrutture per l'Open Access per pubblicazioni e letteratura grigia, questo secondo sondaggio fotografa, alla primavera del 2023, il grado di adozione di politiche e pratiche relative alla gestione istituzionale dei dati scientifici secondo il paradigma della Scienza Aperta. Questo nuovo sondaggio nasce a valle delle discussioni sui Dati Aperti condotte in occasione del primo convegno GdL Open Science a dicembre 2022 i cui punti salienti sono raccolti nella presentazione dal titolo “Esperienze di gestione degli Open Data negli Enti pubblici di Ricerca”. La struttura del sondaggio è un adattamento e una semplificazione del modello sistematico proposto dall’ European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) Steering Board al fine di monitorare i contributi nazionali a EOSC, scelto anche in accordo con i suggerimenti del Tavolo di Lavoro per l’implementazione del Programma Nazionale per la Scienza Aperta (PNSA) del Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (MUR). Sulla base dei risultati emersi da questo sondaggio, il Gruppo Tematico Open Data del GdL Open Science della CoPER intende avviare un monitoraggio permanente allo scopo di rendere disponibile uno strumento utile a coordinare gli sforzi degli EPR nella propria gestione istituzionale dei dati. Il presente documento fornisce una panoramica della struttura del sondaggio e dei risultati ottenuti. Al sondaggio hanno risposto 14 EPR tra quelli partecipanti al GdL Open Science della CoPER, tramite i rispettivi rappresentanti.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
    Description: Published
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Keywords: Open Data ; Open Science ; Data Policy ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 163
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    Space Weather Impact on Radio Communication and Navigation (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: It is well known that space weather can cause significant disruptions to modern communications and navigation systems, leading to increased safety risks, economic losses, and reduced quality of life. Operators of critical infrastructures (both national and international) are also increasingly aware that extreme space-weather events can have severe impacts on their systems. For example, strong ionospheric disturbances can degrade, and sometimes deny access to satellite positioning, navigation, and timing services, central to the operation of many infrastructures. The mitigation of the effects of space weather on technical systems on the ground and in space, and the development of possible protective measures, are therefore of essential importance. We discuss how space weather drives a wide variety of ionospheric phenomena that can disrupt communications and navigation systems and how scientific understanding can help us to mitigate those effects. We also provide recommendations on further research and collaboration with industrial and governmental partners, which are essential for the development and operation of space weather services.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Radio communication ; navigation ; satellite positioning ; broadcast ; ionosphere ; radio propagation ; 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 164
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    A Cloud-IoT Architecture for Latency-Aware Localization in Earthquake Early Warning (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: An effective earthquake early warning system requires rapid and reliable earthquake source detection. Despite the numerous proposed epicenter localization solutions in recent years, their utilization within the Internet of Things (IoT) framework and integration with IoT-oriented cloud platforms remain underexplored. This paper proposes a complete IoT architecture for earthquake detection, localization, and event notification. The architecture, which has been designed, deployed, and tested on a standard cloud platform, introduces an innovative approach by implementing P-wave "picking" directly on IoT devices, deviating from traditional regional earthquake early warning (EEW) approaches. Pick association, source localization, event declaration, and user notification functionalities are also deployed on the cloud. The cloud integration simplifies the integration of other services in the architecture, such as data storage and device management. Moreover, a localization algorithm based on the hyperbola method is proposed, but here, the time difference of arrival multilateration is applied that is often used in wireless sensor network applications. The results show that the proposed end-to-end architecture is able to provide a quick estimate of the earthquake epicenter location with acceptable errors for an EEW system scenario. Rigorous testing against the standard of reference in Italy for regional EEW showed an overall 3.39 s gain in the system localization speed, thus offering a tangible metric of the efficiency and potential proposed system as an EEW solution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 8431
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Internet of Things ; cloud computing ; early warning systems ; earthquake localization ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 165
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    Seismic anisotropy to investigate lithospheric-scale tectonic structures and mantle dynamics in southern Italy (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Subduction zones may be characterised by deep-seated tectonic structures whose effects propagate to the upper plate through faulting and magmatism. The overall geodynamic framework, as well as the roots of the many active faults affecting such regions, can be investigated by the study of the upper mantle anisotropic patterns, through the analysis of core-transiting teleseismic phases. Here, we discuss the results of XKS waves splitting observed in the central Mediterranean, particularly in southern Italy, which is characterised by the Adriatic-Ionian subduction system. Azimuths of polarisation of the fast wave (fast directions) were found to be generally trench-parallel, as an effect of the subducting slab, albeit a change to a perpendicular direction, in central Italy and Sicily, suggests discontinuities in the structure of the slab itself. However, while in central Italy a gradual rotation of fast directions points to a toroidal upper mantle flow through a tear in the Apenninic slab, in central-eastern Sicily, the splitting parameters show an abrupt change that matches well with the main crustal tectonic structures. There, the rapid trench migration, taking place at the transition between the subduction and continental collision domains, produced a rather complex Subduction Transform Edge Propagator fault system. The sharp variation in the pattern of the upper mantle anisotropy marks the main element of such a fault system and suggests its primary role in the segmentation process of the collisional margin. Our findings further show that the study of seismic anisotropy may be fundamental in investigating whether tectonic structures only involve the crust or extend down to the upper mantle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 20932
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic Anisotropy ; Southern Itlay ; XKS waves splitting ; Active Subduction Systems ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 166
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
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  • 167
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    Crisi vulcaniche e demografiche nella storia delle isole Eolie (2024)
    Servizio Geologico d'Italia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: In the context of the multi-millennial history of the Aeolian Islands, there have been long periods of demographic crises whose dynamics are unclear. Among possible causes, recent studies identify significant volcanic events that occurred on Stromboli, Vulcano and Lipari, the main island hosting the oldest settlements about 7.3 ka ago. An initial decline occurred during the 4th millennium BC, which appears linked to the evolution of the La Fossa cone on Vulcano and to repeated collapses on the Neostromboli volcano. A second crisis occurred between the 10-7th centuries BC; the most recent was in the early Middle Ages, with the resumption of the volcanism of Lipari and Vulcano, including the Insulam Vulcanelli, which emerged around the year 1000. The direct and indirect effects of the most significant volcanic events, as well as the perception of the relative risk, took their toll on local communities, contributing to drastic demographic declines on several occasions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 365-374
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Keywords: volcanoes ; archaeology ; anthropology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 168
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    Characterizing the Sardinia candidate site for the Einstein Telescope (2024)
    Sissa
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Due to its unique geophysical features and to the low density population of the area, Sos Enattos is a promising candidate site to host the Einstein Telescope (ET), the third-generation Gravitational Wave Observatory. The geophysical characterization of the Sos Enattos former mine, close to one of the proposed ET corners, started in 2010 with the deployment of seismic and environmental sensors underground. Since 2019 a new extensive array of seismometers, magnetometers and acoustic sensors have been installed in three stations along the underground tunnels, with one additional station at the surface. Beside a new geological survey over a wider area, two boreholes about 270 m deep each were excavated at the other two corners, determining the good quality of the drilled granite and orthogneiss rocks and the absence of significant thoroughgoing fault zones. These boreholes are instrumented with broadband seismometers that revealed an outstanding low level of vibrational noise in the low-frequency band of ET-LF (2-10Hz), significantly lower than the Peterson's NLNM and resulting among the quietest seismic stations in the world in that frequency band. The low seismic background and the reduced number of seismic glitches ensure that just a moderated Newtonian noise subtraction would be needed to achieve the ET target sensitivity. Geoelectrical and active seismic campaigns have been carried out to reveal the features of the subsurface, revealing the presence of small-sized fractured areas with limited water circulation. Finally, temporary arrays of seismometers, magnetometers and acoustic sensors are deployed in the area to study the local sources of environmental noise.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Gravitational waves ; ambient noise ; Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Depth and Spatial Variation of the Shear Wave Attenuation Parameters in the Shallow Crust and Lower Crust/Upper Mantle of Mt. Etna (Italy) (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Seismic wave attenuation is a key feature of seismic wave propagation that provides constraints on the composition and physical state of the medium within the Earth. We separated intrinsic and scattering attenuation coefficients for the shallow crust and lower crust/upper mantle in the Mt. Etna area. For this purpose, the Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis (MLTWA) was applied to two groups of earthquakes, well separated in depth. We also studied the spatial variation of the attenuation parameters by dividing the study area into four sectors around Etna. The results show an effective homogeneity of the propagation characteristics inside Etna and, in particular, some lateral variations and minor variations with depth. We observe that structural discontinuities and lithology control scattering losses at all frequencies, with higher scattering in the shallow crust. The intrinsic absorption shows no sensitivity to the presence of these main geological structures and is quite uniform for different depths. Furthermore, compared to the northern sector of the volcano, the southern one shows stronger scattering attenuation at low frequencies. This pattern correlates well with the high seismic activity along most of Etna’s active tectonic structures and ascending magmatic fluids that characterize this sector of the volcano. Although we only discuss the differences in the ‘‘average’’ scattering and inelastic properties of the investigated volumes, the results of this study are very informative about the characteristics of each region. Moreover, they suggest that a future study is necessary, providing a more detailed picture of the spatial distribution of seismic attenuation in the study area, through a 3D inversion of the attenuation parameters estimated along the single source-receiver paths.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 170
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    Multidisciplinary analysis of 3D seismotectonic modelling: a case study of Serre and Cittanova faults in the southern Calabrian Arc (Italy) (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-08
    Description: Active normal faulting and uplifting, consistent with a WNW-ESE-oriented regional extension, dominate the Quaternary tectonics of the southern Calabrian Arc. The main tectonic structures of this extensional domain are considered to be the source of numerous historical and recent strong earthquakes, among which the 1783 seismic sequence (M 6.5–7) was one of the most destructive earthquakes ever recorded in Southern Italy. Previous works on the seismotectonic of the Calabrian Arc indicate a disagreement on the attitude (E-dipping vs W-dipping) of the main seismogenic sources slicing across southern Calabria, whereby the seismotectonic framework is still debated. Following a multidisciplinary approach, based on morpho-structural and seismological data, the geometry at depth of the most reliable sources (i.e., Cittanova and Serre faults) was first modelled in a 3D environment to retrieve information about their seismic potential. The GNSS data from the permanent stations of RING/RDN and TopNETlive Italy networks have been processed in order to estimate the velocity field affecting this area. Then, data inversion allowed us to document a predominant WNW-ESE active extensional strain orthogonally to the modelled faults, consistent with the regional dynamics. The reliability of the model was tested using empirical relationships and fault response modelling simulation. Furthermore, slip tendency analysis revealed the propensity to slip of the modelled planes by applying a remote stress state derived from the kinematic-structural survey on fault planes.
    Description: PRIN 2017, under grant number “2017KT2MKE” PIAno di inCEntivi per la RIcerca di Ateneo (PIACERI 2020/2022)
    Description: Published
    Description: 1240051
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Calabrian Arc ; active tectonics ; seismogenic faults ; 3D modelling ; fault response modelling ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 05.08. Risk
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  • 171
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    Flow front mobility of rock avalanches as a function of flow volume, grain size, channel width, basal friction and flow scale (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The ability to predict the mobility of rock avalanches is necessary when designing strategies to mitigate the risks they pose. A popular mobility indicator of the flow front is the Heim’s apparent friction coefficient muH. In the field, muH shows a decrease in value as flow volume V increases. But this correlation has been a mystery as to whether it is due to a causal relationship between V and mobility since: (1) field data of muH do not collapse onto a single curve because typically widely scattered and (2) laboratory experiments have shown an opposite volume effect on the center of mass mobility of miniature flows. My numerical simulations confirm for the first time the existence of a functional relationship of scaling parameters where muH decreases as V increases in unsteady and nonuniform 3D flows. Data scatter is caused by muH that is affected by numerous other variables besides V. The interplay of these variables produces different granular regimes with opposite volume effects. In particular, muH decreases as V increases in the regime characterized by a relatively rough subsurface. The relationship holds for large-scale flows that, like rock avalanches, consist of a very large number of fine clasts traveling in wide channels. In these dense flows, flow front mobility increases as flow volume increases, as channel width increases, as grain size decreases, as basal friction decreases and as flow scale increases. Larger-scale flows are more mobile because they have larger Froude number values.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic Flows ; Rock Avalanches ; Flow Front ; Mobility
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 172
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    Translation, collision and vertical‐axis rotation in the Organyà and Montsec minibasins (South‐Central Pyrenees, Spain) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: This paper presents a sequentially restored cross-section of the Organyà and Montsec minibasins based on geological mapping, new field observations and available borehole data. The main objective was to describe the geometry and evolution of both basins in terms of salt tectonics and minibasin mobility. To this end, a comprehensive palaeomagnetic database has been used to constrain vertical-axis rotations potentially related to minibasin translation and pivoting. The Organyà minibasin constitutes an asymmetric depocentre formed during the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous by translation above a southerly inclined salt layer. Salt evacuation and minibasin touchdown induced salt accumulation on the northern side of the basin that culminated in the development of the major Santa Fe unconformity during the late Albian—early Cenomanian. Indicative of salt quiescence is the following isopachous Cenomanian to lower Santonian sequence Salt tectonics resumed during the late Santonian—Palaeocene, with the Montsec minibasin downbuilding coinciding with the onset of Pyrenean convergence. Changes of the base-salt topography reflects regional-scale geodynamic processes. The acceleration of crustal thinning in the North Pyrenean zone during the late Albian-early Cenomanian favoured uplift in the Axial Zone, increasing slope and triggering salt mobilization in the Southern Pyrenees. Likewise, the onset of contraction renewed the downslope gliding of the Organyà and Montsec minbasins, and supports the idea that the early stages of basin inversion were governed by gravity tectonics. The kinematic reconstruction suggests that the more that 30° counterclockwise vertical axis rotation records pivoting during the suprasalt translation of the Organyà minibasin rather than solely the Iberian microplate rotation.
    Description: Published
    Description: e12846
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 173
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    Low-cost drifters: some applications for water monitoring (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: This study presents the design and implementation of low-cost drifters, along with different water monitoring applications. The first application presented is related to the tracking of marine litter from the Arno river mouth (central Italy, Tyrrhenian Sea), while the second one concerns the study of the dynamics of a volcanic lake in central Italy (Lago Albano). Both the implementation phase and the field experience benefited from an integrated approach of low-cost equipment, citizen science and numerical modeling.
    Description: Published
    Description: La Valletta, Malta
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Keywords: Marine Litter ; Low cost drifters ; citizen science ; numerical modeling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 174
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    Quaternary slip-rates probabilistic estimation for the Northern Apennines frontal thrust in the Po Plain (Northern Italy) by integrating surface and subsurface data (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The Northern Apennines thrust front in the Po basin exhibits active blind thrusts and associated anticlines, with some anticline crests either emerging or shallowly buried beneath late Pleistocene continental deposits. This study focuses on the outcropping San Colombano Structure and its buried neighbouring Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structure, representing thrust-controlled anticlines in the central part of the Po basin. We reconstruct the Pleistocene evolution of these anticlines by integrating previously published surface geological maps and subsurface geological constraints from geophysical data and boreholes. We performed a trishear inversion of the deformation observed after the decompaction of the sediments. We used the solutions of the trishear inversion to compute the probabilistic distribution of slip rates over distinct time intervals. Our findings align with previous estimations of long-term slip rates in the Po Plain during the Quaternary, revealing rates of approximately 0.63 mm/yr and 0.53 mm/yr over the past 2.4 Myr for the San Colombano and Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structures, respectively. The analysis of stratigraphic markers unveils a general decrease in faults activity during the Pleistocene, with slip rates around 0.2–0.3 mm/yr in the last 0.3 Myr, along with a diverse evolution of the thrust faults governing the two anticlines. Specifically, the activity rates of the San Colombano Structure supersede that of the Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structure during the Middle to Late Pleistocene, implying an out-of-sequence propagation of the San Colombano ramp-anticline in the Late Pleistocene along an oblique right-lateral transfer zone. Incorporating a probabilistic approach in slip rates calculation provides a more comprehensive handling of uncertainties. This attribute is pivotal in seismic hazard assessment analyses and understanding complex fault systems' tectonic evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230227
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: San Colombano thrust ; Quaternary tectonics ; Slip rates ; Trishear inversion ; Sediment compaction ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
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  • 175
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    Subsurface 3D modeling of Pantelleria island (Italy) using gravity data (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Pantelleria is a 84 km2 extended volcanic island located in the Mediterranenan Sea between Sicily (Italy) and Tunisia. Previous studies described that in Pantelleria island both tectonic structures and the volcano-tectonic features had a common tectonic origin controlled by a NW-SE directed extension in accordance with the regional trend of the Sicily Channel arising interest for multiapproach investigations. Indeed, in the last decades this area has been field of widespread analysis useful for the investigation of the volcano-tectonic and tectonic activity, as well as for geodetic study and resources exploration. Our approach focused on the gravimetric analysis of Pantelleria island and in particular we provided a 3D inverted model of the area, starting from in-situ gravity measurements. The 250 m model resolution has been endorsed by the presence of a total of 290 measurement stations, distributed both onshore and offshore and acquired during some field surveys up to 2006; 236 of them were already published and inverted in past using 2.5D modelling. Input data consisted of a database containing Bouguer anomaly data reduced using a density of 2500 kg/m3 and referred to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) Ellipsoid. As a result, the 3D modelling allowed exploring density differences through the about 4 km depth, emphasizing interesting geological structures. Such results would help any drilling program in the island (e.g. for geothermal purposes), lead to more successful drilling programs, and serve as well-constrained geologic input to improve the accuracy of future numerical (e.g. reservoir) models.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Keywords: Gravity ; 3d inversion ; Geophysical parameters ; Gravimetric survey data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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  • 176
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    Absolute Quantum Gravimeter - Operator Meeting (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione OE, Catania, Italia
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Keywords: Gravity ; Etna ; gravity network ; absolute gravity ; Physical measurements
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The Mediterranean Forecasting System – Part 1: Evolution and performance (2024)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The Mediterranean Forecasting System produces operational analyses and reanalyses and 10 d forecasts for many essential ocean variables (EOVs), from currents, temperature, salinity, and sea level to wind waves and pelagic biogeochemistry. The products are available at a horizontal resolution of 1/24 (approximately 4 km) and with 141 unevenly spaced vertical levels. The core of the Mediterranean Forecasting System is constituted by the physical (PHY), the biogeochemical (BIO), and the wave (WAV) components, consisting of both numerical models and data assimilation modules. The three components together constitute the so-called Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Center (Med-MFC) of the Copernicus Marine Service. Daily 10 d forecasts and analyses are produced by the PHY, BIO, and WAV operational systems, while reanalyses are produced every 3 years for the past 30 years and are extended (yearly). The modelling systems, their coupling strategy, and their evolutions are illustrated in detail. For the first time, the quality of the products is documented in terms of skill metrics evaluated over a common 3-year period (2018–2020), giving the first complete assessment of uncertainties for all the Mediterranean environmental variable analyses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1483–1516
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 178
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    Rayas, chuchos y otros batoideos del Atlántico sudoccidental (34° S-55° S) (2024)
    Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) | Mar del Plata, Argentina
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Reference is made to 34 batoid species belonging to the Torpedinidae, Narcinidae, Rhinobatidae, Rajidae and Dasyatidae families that inhabit shelf waters (8-200 m depth) of the SW Atlantic, between 34º S and 55º S. Three are new species (Bathyraja cousseauae, Dasyatis hypostigma and Myliobatis sp.). Deep water specimens present in the survey area are not included in the species description section. A chronological review of published papers on batoids recorded in the area is included and the main biological characteristics of marine batoids, specially adaptation to the environment and behaviour are provided. An illustrated key of all batoid species in the area known to date, including those inhabiting deep waters is given. The field key was tested using fresh specimens and those preserved in the fish collection of INIDEP (National Institute of Fisheries Research and Development, Argentina). Accuracy of key is the responsibility of the authors. The following information about each of the 34 species studied is provided: Family name, common and scientific name (the former in Spanish and English), colour photograph, drawings in black and white, brief diagnosis, comparison with similar species in the area, other biological data regarding dietary habits (if known), reproduction, etc., geographical range with the corresponding distribution map, behaviour, main source of reference and illustrations of the essential diet components. References in the text are included in a complete bibliographic list and at the end of the book a glossary with explanation of specific terms is provided.
    Description: En este trabajo se hace referencia a 34 especies de batoideos pertenecientes a las familias Torpedinidae, Narcinidae, Rhinobatidae, Rajidae y Dasyatidae que habitan aguas de plataforma (8-200 m de profundidad) del Atlántico Sudoccidental, entre los 34° S y 55° S. Tres son nuevas especies (Bathyraja cousseauae, Dasyatis hypostigma y Myliobatis sp.). Las de aguas profundas presentes en el área de estudio no se incluyen en la sección de descripción de especies. Se hace una reseña cronológica de los trabajos publicados sobre batoideos conocidos hasta el presente y se indican las principales características biológicas de los batoideos marinos, especialmente adaptación al medio y comportamiento. Se presenta una clave ilustrada para todas las especies conocidas hasta el presente, incluyendo las de aguas profundas. La clave de campo se probó utilizando especímenes frescos y los preservados en la colección de peces del INIDEP. La precisión de la clave es responsabilidad de los autores de esta publicación. Se brinda la siguiente información sobre cada una de las 34 especies estudiadas: nombre de la familia, nombre común y científico (el primero en castellano e inglés), fotografía en color, dibujo en blanco y negro, breve diagnosis, comparación con especies semejantes del área, otros datos biológicos sobre detalles de la dieta (si se conoce), reproducción, etc., rango geográfico con su correspondiente mapa de distribución, comportamiento, principales fuentes de referencia e ilustraciones de los componentes esenciales de la dieta. Todas las referencias del texto se indican en una completa lista bibliográfica y al final del libro se adjunta un glosario con explicación de términos específicos.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: peces marinos ; claves de identificación ; nuevas especies ; distribución geográfica ; conducta ; tamaño ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine fish ; ASFA_2015::I::Identification keys ; ASFA_2015::N::New species ; ASFA_2015::G::Geographical distribution ; ASFA_2015::B::Behavior ; ASFA_2015::S::Size
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 102 p.
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  • 179
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    Síntesis del estado de las pesquerías marítimas argentinas y de la Cuenca del Plata. Años 1997-1998, con la actualización de 1999 (2024)
    Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) | Mar del Plata, Argentina
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: In several chapters, the fisheries resources of the Argentine Sea are analyzed according to the degree of fishing exploitation and considering the stocks in a state of: 1) overfishing (hake Merluccius hubbssi), some species of coastal fishes (Micropogonias furnieri) and austral demersal (Micromesistius australis); 2) exploitation close to the maximum sustainable levels (several species such as Genypterus blacodes and Mustelus schmitti) and of bivalves (Zygochlamys patagonica), shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri), squid (Illex argentinus); 3) feasibility of development (some species of pelagic fishes (Engraulis anchoita and Scomber japonicus) and demersal-pelagic (Macruronus magellanicus), among others, and 4) special cases and perspectives for species that require research and monitoring (some crustaceans such as king crab Lithodes santolla) from the Beagle Channel, elasmobranchs (Squalus acanthias and Dipturus chilensis), bony fishes (Patagonothothen ramsayii) and cephalopoda (Loligo spp.). Progress in the development of fishing gear selectivity and in marine culture and a brief outline on oceanographic conditions and occurrence of toxic red tides recorded are also presented. The status of resources and fisheries in the main rivers (Parana, Uruguay and de la Plata) of the del Plata Basin are wholy described.
    Description: Contribución INIDEP 1129
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: recursos pesqueros ; recursos potenciales ; pesquería costera ; pesquería demersal ; pesquería de cefalópodos ; pesquería de langostinos ; pesca continental ; artes de pesca ; marea roja ; acuicultura marina ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery resources ; ASFA_2015::P::Potential resources ; ASFA_2015::C::Coastal fisheries ; ASFA_2015::D::Demersal fisheries ; ASFA_2015::C::Cephalopod fisheries ; ASFA_2015::S::Shrimp fisheries ; ASFA_2015::I::Inland fisheries ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishing gear ; ASFA_2015::R::Red tides ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 388 p.
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  • 180
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    Manual de producción de larvas y juveniles de lenguado negro Paralichthys orbignyanus (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: With the aim of obtaining healthy juveniles capable of accepting inert food to be fattened up to commercial size, the larval culture of marine fishes is based on the rigorous control of culture conditions (light, temperature, feeding, water quality, etc.). The rapid larval development of marine species makes that larval culture, considered the most critical stage of the whole period, be relatively short (1-3 months). In this manual the fundamental aspects of culture systems and live food production essential to obtain black flounder larvae and juveniles of good quality are presented. Besides, skeletal malformations and pigmentation problems registered in juveniles and the culture methods employed to reduce the percentage of those anomalies are detailed. Black flounder (Paralichthys orbignyanus) larval culture demands a deep knowledge of its embryonic and larval development and of the nutritional and culture requirements of the different stages. The species can be fattened at high densities (100 juveniles m -2 ) in tanks with a recycling system up to marketable size with good growth (1.25 percent d -1 ) and survival rates (90 percent) and low levels of stress.
    Description: Con el objetivo de obtener juveniles sanos y capaces de aceptar alimento inerte para el engorde hasta alcanzar el tamaño comercial, el cultivo larvario de peces marinos se basa en el riguroso control de las condiciones de cultivo (luz, temperatura, alimentación, calidad del agua, etc.). El rápido desarrollo larval de las especies marinas hace que la larvicultura, considerada la etapa más crítica de todo el período, sea de relativa corta duración (1-3 meses). En el presente manual se presentan los aspectos fundamentales de los sistemas de cultivo y producción de alimento vivo indispensables para obtener larvas y juveniles de lenguado negro de buena calidad. Se detallan, además, las malformaciones esqueléticas y los problemas de pigmentación que se registran en juveniles y los métodos de cultivo que se emplean para reducir el porcentaje de dichas anomalías. El cultivo larvario de lenguado negro (Paralichthys orbignyanus) requiere de un profundo conocimiento de su desarrollo embrionario y larvario y de los requerimientos nutricionales y de cultivo de los distintos estadios. La especie puede engordarse a altas densidades (100 juveniles m -2 ) en tanques con sistema de recirculación hasta lograr el tamaño comercial con buenas tasas de crecimiento (1,25 por ciento d -1 ) y supervivencia (90 por ciento) y bajos niveles de estrés.
    Description: Contribución INIDEP 2158
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: reproducción ; alimentación ; cultivo de peces ; acuicultura marina ; larvas de peces ; desarrollo larval ; juveniles ; Paralichthyidae ; Paralichthys orbignyanus ; lenguado ; ASFA_2015::R::Reproduction ; ASFA_2015::F::Feeding ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish culture ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine aquaculture ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish larvae ; ASFA_2015::L::Larval development ; ASFA_2015::J::Juveniles
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 54 p.
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  • 181
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    Peeking inside the mantle structure beneath the Italian region through SKS shear wave splitting anisotropy: a review (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Over the years, seismic anisotropy characterization has become one of the most popular methods to study and understand the Earth’s deep structures. Starting from more than 20 years ago, considerable progress has been made to map the anisotropic structure beneath Italy and the Central Mediterranean area. In particular, several past and current international projects (such as RETREAT, CAT/SCAN, CIFALPS, CIFALPS-2, AlpArray) focused on retrieving the anisotropic structure beneath Italy and surrounding regions, promoting advances in the knowledge of geological and geodynamical setting of this intriguing area. All of these studies aimed at a better understanding the complex and active geodynamic evolution of both the active and remnant subduction systems characterising this region and the associated Apennines, Alps and Dinaric belts, together with the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian basins. The presence of dense high-quality seismic networks, permanently run by INGV and other institutions, and temporary seismic stations deployed in the framework of international projects, the improvements in data processing and the use of several and even more sophisticated methods proposed to quantify the anisotropy, allowed to collect a huge amount of anisotropic parameters. Here a collection of all measurements done on core refracted phases are shown and used as a measure of mantle deformation and interpreted into geodynamic models. Images of anisotropy identify well-developed mantle flows around the sinking European and Adriatic slabs, recognised by tomographic studies. Slab retreat and related mantle flow are interpreted as the main driving mechanism of the Central Mediterranean geodynamics.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE215
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic Anisotropy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 182
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    Risultati del sondaggio Politiche e infrastrutture per l’Open Access per pubblicazioni e letteratura grigia (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Il presente lavoro prende l’avvio all’interno del Gruppo di lavoro (GdL) Open Science della CoPER, istituito nel 2021 dalla Consulta dei Presidenti degli Enti Pubblici di Ricerca (EPR) per favorire la promozione delle istanze dell'Open Science tra gli EPR, con le Università rappresentate dalla CRUI e anche con i diversi soggetti che, a vario titolo, partecipano alle tematiche della Scienza Aperta. Il suddetto GdL si è poi suddiviso in Gruppi Tematici che, su base volontaria, provvedono alla preparazione di documenti e alla finalizzazione di azioni per la promozione e il sostegno delle politiche di scienza aperta in Italia, così come pianificato nel documento programmatico, in collaborazione con altri attori operanti sulla scena nazionale. La necessità di monitorare lo stato di attuazione della Scienza Aperta e aprire la successiva collaborazione tra EPR su questi temi ha guidato la scelta del sondaggio. Il modello proposto alle università dal Gruppo Open Access della CRUI è sembrato la scelta migliore, seppure si sono resi necessari alcuni adattamenti legati alla diversa struttura organizzativa degli EPR. Il presente documento fornisce una panoramica della struttura e dei risultati ottenuti dal monitoraggio condotto con la collaborazione dei rappresentanti degli EPR.
    Description: COPER, INGV, INAF, ENEA
    Description: Published
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Keywords: Accesso Aperto ; Policy ; Pubblicazioni ; Repository ; Open Science
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 183
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    Short-term magma-carbonate interaction: A modelling perspective (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Short-term interaction of magma with crustal carbonates can affect a volcano's eruptive style and drive even low-viscosity magmas toward large explosive eruptions. Only a few studies have focused on short-term magma-carbonate interaction under controlled laboratory conditions and the physical processes behind the experimental observations are still poorly understood. In this work, we present the first numerical modelling study of short-term magma-carbonate interaction and provide an interpretative framework for experimental and field observations. We developed thermodynamic and dynamic models for carbonate dissolution and mixing and mingling between contaminated magma pockets and host magma. We find that mixing and mingling can play a central role in modulating the efficiency of volatile exsolution. The increasing viscosity of the host melt slows down melt mingling and hence the mixing process, limiting volatile exsolution. Less efficient mixing and mingling could allow the fingerprints of short-term magma-carbonate interaction to be preserved in volcanic and intrusive rocks. Finally, we highlight that the mechanism and timescale of magma-carbonate interaction open a key question about the anomalous high mobility of CaO during carbonate dissolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118592
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 184
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    Expedition Programme PS142 (2024)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  EPIC3Expeditionsprogramm Polarstern, Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 12 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Expedition program , notRev
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  • 185
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    Internet of Things for Earthquake Early Warning Systems: A Performance Comparison Between Communication Protocols (2024)
    IEEE
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWSs) characterize seismic events in real time and estimate the expected ground motion amplitude in specific areas to send alerts before the destructive waves arrive. Together with the reliability of the results, the rapidity with which an EEWS can detect an earthquake becomes a focal point for developing efficient seismic node networks. Internet of Things (IoT) architectures can be used in EEWSs to expand a seismic network and acquire data even from low-cost seismic nodes. However, the latency and the total alert time introduced by the adopted communication protocols should be carefully evaluated. This study proposes an IoT solution based on the message queue-telemetry transport protocol for the waveform transmission acquired by seismic nodes and presents a performance comparison between it and the most widely used standard in current EEWSs. The comparison was performed in evaluation tests where different seismic networks were simulated using a dataset of real earthquakes. This study analyzes the phases preceding the earthquake detection, showing how the proposed solution detects the same events of traditional EEWSs with a total alert time of approximately 1.6 seconds lower.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43183 - 43194
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake early warning systems ; Internet of Things ; message queue telemetry transport protocol ; , SeedLink protocol ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 186
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    ATIPICA CRISTALLIZZAZIONE DI PERICLASIO IN UN PROIETTO RIGETTATO DALL’ERUZIONE DEL VESUVIO DEL 1944 (2024)
    AMI - Associazione Micromineralogica Italiana
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Description: A sample acquired from the Vesuvian mineralogical collection of the late Prof. Antonio Parascandola attracted the attention of the author. These are black parallelepipeds, even larger than one centimeter, superficially "decayed" and sometimes partially covered by hydromagnesite. Parascandola had classified them as "periclasite". Knowing that the periclase at Somma-Vesuvius occurs essentially in small octahedra of a more or less intense green or brownish color, analytical investigations (SEM-EDS and PXRD) were conducted which confirmed the species.
    Description: Published
    Description: 362 -368
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Somma-Vesuvius ; Campania ; Italy ; Antonio Parascandola ; periclase
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 187
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    Bergordnung Schemnitz 1513 (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Diese Bergordnung für Schemnitz/Banská Štiavnica wurde im Jahr 1513 veröffentlicht. Sie wiederholt die Bergordnung von Schemnitz aus dem Jahr 1466. Danach werden neun weitere Artikel hinzugefügt. Sie präzisieren die Rechte der einzelnen Gruben beim Anschaaren von zwei Gängen und das Prozedere der Vermessung dieser Gänge.
    Description: source
    Keywords: König Bela IV. von Ungarn ; König Vladislav II. von Böhmen und Ungarn ; Slowakei ; Ungarn ; Schemnitz/Banská Štiavnica ; Silberbergbau ; Bergordnung
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , updatedVersion
    Format: 11
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  • 188
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    Erratum for Brüwer et al., “In situ cell division and mortality rates of SAR11, SAR86, Bacteroidetes, and Aurantivirga during phytoplankton blooms reveal differences in population controls” (2024)
    American Society for Microbiology
    In:  EPIC3mSystems, American Society for Microbiology, 9(1), pp. e01196-e01123, ISSN: 2379-5077
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 189
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    Long‐term shifts in phenology, thermal niche, population size, and their interactions in marine pelagic copepods (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-08
    Description: Under climatic warming many species shift their seasonal timing of life cycle events (phenology) and seasonal abundance distribution, but whether they maintain the same thermal niche is still poorly understood. Here, we studied multidecadal trends in abundance and phenology of seven major copepod species across three stations (Stonehaven (SH), Helgoland Roads (HR), and Plymouth L4) on the North–West European shelf, spanning ~ 6.5° of latitude. All seven species consistently occupied colder temperatures at the northern station compared to the southerly station, but they maintained the same realized thermal niche over years. Expected phenological shifts (i.e., earlier when warmer) in some stations were obscured possibly by the long-term drop of copepod density in spring–summer, which may be due to a variation in the food/predators abundance. The ongoing spring–summer declines in abundance (~ 50%) of many North Atlantic pelagic species over the last five decades, as found in recent studies, may have also influenced the metrics of seasonal timing. To separate the seasonal timing of life events from that of seasonal abundance distribution, we used a time series of egg production rate (EPR) of Calanus helgolandicus at L4, and found that this shifted later into the summer–autumn over the last 30 yr of warming, coincident with declining spring–summer food and increasing predator abundance. Overall, direct temperature effects do appear to influence the seasonal timing of the copepods, but to explain impacts at individual stations or long-term trends in population size or phenology, understanding the changing balance of food and predators appears to be critical.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 190
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    Shear margins in upper half of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream were established two millennia ago (2024)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 15(1), pp. 1193-, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Only a few localised ice streams drain most of the ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Thus, understanding ice stream behaviour and its temporal variability is crucially important to predict future sea-level change. The interior trunk of the 700 km-long North-East Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) is remarkable due to the lack of any clear bedrock channel to explain its presence. Here, we present a 3-dimensional analysis of the folding and advection of its stratigraphic horizons, which shows that the localised flow and shear margins in the upper NEGIS were fully developed only ca 2000 years ago. Our results contradict the assumption that the ice stream has been stable throughout the Holocene in its current form and show that upper NEGIS-type development of ice streaming, with distinct shear margins and no bed topography relationship, can be established on time scales of hundreds of years, which is a major challenge for realistic mass-balance and sea-level rise projections.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 191
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    A multiple baseline approach for marine heatwaves (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Marine heatwaves and other extreme temperature events can drive biological responses, including mass mortality. However, their effects depend on how they are experienced by biological systems (including human societies). We applied two different baselines (fixed and shifting) to a time series of North Sea water temperature to explore how slowly vs. quickly adapting systems would experience extreme temperatures. We tested if the properties of marine heatwaves and the association with atmospheric heatwaves were robust to a change in baseline. A fixed baseline produced an increase in the frequency and duration of marine heatwaves, which would be experienced as the new normal by slowly adapting systems; 7 of the 10 most severe heatwaves occurred between 1990 and 2018. The shifting baseline removed the trend in the frequency but not duration of heatwaves; the 1990s appeared as a period of change in the frequency of strong and severe heatwaves as compared to the 1980s. There were also common patterns among baselines: marine heatwaves were more frequent in late summer when temperatures peak; temperature variability was characterized by low frequency, large amplitude fluctuations (i.e., as red noise), known to drive extinction events. In addition, marine heatwaves occurred during or just after atmospheric heatwaves. Our work highlights the importance of identifying properties of marine heatwaves that are robust or contingent on a change in baseline.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 192
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    Aeolus winds impact on volcanic ash early warning systems for aviation (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Forecasting volcanic ash atmospheric pathways is of utmost importance for aviation. Volcanic ash can interfere with aircraft navigational instruments and can damage engine parts. Early warning systems, activated after volcanic eruptions can alleviate the impacts on aviation by providing forecasts of the volcanic ash plume dispersion. The quality of these short-term forecasts is subject to the accuracy of the meteorological wind fields used for the initialization of regional models. Here, we use wind profiling data from the first high spectral resolution lidar in space, Aeolus, to examine the impact of measured wind fields on regional NWP and subsequent volcanic ash dispersion forecasts, focusing on the case of Etna's eruption on March 2021. The results from this case study demonstrate a significant improvement of the volcanic ash simulation when using Aeolus-assimilated meteorological fields, with differences in wind speed reaching up to 8 m/s when compared to the control run. When comparing the volcanic ash forecast profiles with downwind surface-based aerosol lidar observations, the modeled field is consistent with the measurements only when Aeolus winds are assimilated. This result clearly demonstrates the potential of Aeolus and highlights the necessity of future wind profiling satellite missions for improving volcanic ash forecasting and hence aviation safety.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7531
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 193
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    Image analysis of volcanic plumes: A simple calibration tool to correct for the effect of wind (2024)
    Presses universitaires de Strasbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Video cameras provide vital information on volcanic plumes from explosive eruptions, such as plume height, for monitoring and research. These images must be calibrated to get accurate quantitative data. However, the presence of wind complicates any calibration as the plume may no longer lie in the image plane, i.e. a plane perpendicular to the camera’s line-of-sight. Here, we present a simple new tool to correct for the effect of wind on the position and height of a volcanic plume as determined from imagery by rotating the image plane to be in the direction of the wind. We show the importance of accounting for the effect of wind on the maximum plume height determined from videos for two case-studies; a Vulcanian explosion from Sabancaya volcano, Peru, and a sustained plume from Mount Etna, Italy. This tool can improve the accuracy of quantitative information extracted from images of volcanic plumes, and should prove useful for both research and monitoring purposes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 447458
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 194
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    Gravity modelling of the Tyrrhenian-Calabrian-Ionian subduction system (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: This study provides a lithospheric-scale model along the Ionian Subduction zone in Southern Italy, contributing to the seismotectonic investigation of a region which is affected by relevant historical seismicity. The study employs gravity forward modelling to build the geo-structural model along a composite, NWSE trending transect extending from the Ionian to the Tyrrhenian Sea, including the Aeolian arc and the Calabro-Peloritan onshore. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we propose new interpretations of three 2D deep-seismic reflection profiles across the study area. Such interpretative profiles are used as constraints to model the observed Bouguer gravity anomalies providing upper and lower crust geometries. Whilst a tomographic model provides constraints for the lithospheric and asthenospheric modelling. The entire workflow is constrained by literature data about Moho geometry, deep seismicity and tomographic images that are integrated to determine the subducting slab geometry. The proposed model of the entire subducting system reasonably fits the observed gravity field and is coherent with the first-order geological and geophysical constraints. The modelling results in updated Tyrrhenian and Ionian Moho depth, subducting slab geometry and location, and densities of the main units, providing valuable input about the composition and geometry of the Calabrian arc structures.
    Description: PRIN-2017 (project #2017KT2MKE_003)
    Description: Published
    Description: 1259831
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Calabrian Arc (Italy) ; subducion complex ; gravity forward modeling, crustal model ; Ionian Subduction zone ; Tyrrhenian back-arc basin-calabrian arc-accretionary wedge system ; Southern Italy ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 195
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    Toward a Real-Time Analysis of Column Height by Visible Cameras: An Example from Mt. Etna, in Italy (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Volcanic plume height is one the most important features of explosive activity; thus, it is a parameter of interest for volcanic monitoring that can be retrieved using different remote sensing techniques. Among them, calibrated visible cameras have demonstrated to be a promising alternative during daylight hours, mainly due to their low cost and low uncertainty in the results. However, currently these measurements are generally not fully automatic. In this paper, we present a new, interactive, open-source MATLAB tool, named ‘Plume Height Analyzer’ (PHA), which is able to analyze images and videos of explosive eruptions derived from visible cameras, with the objective of automatically identifying the temporal evolution of eruption columns. PHA is a self-customizing tool, i.e., before operational use, the user must perform an iterative calibration procedure based on the analysis of images of previous eruptions of the volcanic system of interest, under different eruptive, atmospheric and illumination conditions. The images used for the calibration step allow the computation of ad hoc expressions to set the model parameters used to recognize the volcanic plume in new images, which are controlled by their individual characteristics. Thereby, the number of frames used in the calibration procedure will control the goodness of the model to analyze new videos/images and the range of eruption, atmospheric, and illumination conditions for which the program will return reliable results. This also allows improvement of the performance of the program as new data become available for the calibration, for which PHA includes ad hoc routines. PHA has been tested on a wide set of videos from recent explosive activity at Mt. Etna, in Italy, and may represent a first approximation toward a real-time analysis of column height using visible cameras on erupting volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2595
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 196
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    Assessment of eruption source parameters using infrasound and plume modelling: a case study from the 2021 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Atmospheric injection of volcanic ash during eruptions is a threat to aviation. Reliable forecast of airborne ash dispersal relies on empirical and numerical models. Key inputs into these models are so-called eruption source parameters such as the rate at which pyroclastic material is ejected from the vent and the maximum height of eruptive columns. Here, we use infrasound data recorded during eruptive activity in June 2021 at Mt. Etna, Italy, to demonstrate its potential for assessment of eruption rates in near-real time. We calculate a time series of flow velocity at the vent using data corrected for topographic scattering, and the effect of vent geometry on the acoustic source radiation. We obtain values of flow velocity of 50-125 m/s during a period of sustained, paroxysmal, activity. We use independent estimates from other ground-based remote sensing data to validate our results. Further, we use the infrasound-derived flow velocities as input into a 1D plume model to estimate the maximum height of the eruption column. Our results suggest that infrasound technology holds promise to assess eruption rates and inform modelling of volcanic plumes. We anticipate that implementation of real-time operational workflows based on infrasound data and plume modelling will impact decision-making and risk mitigation at active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 19857
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 197
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    Observing Etna volcano dynamics through seismic and deformation patterns (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Geophysical data provide the chance to investigate a volcano's dynamics; considerable information can especially be gleaned on the stress and strain patterns accompanying the internal processes and the effect of magma ascent on the main structures triggering earthquakes. Here, we analysed in detail the seismicity recorded over the last two decades on Etna volcano (southern Italy), focusing on earthquakes distribution and focal mechanism clustering; the ground deformation pattern affecting the volcanic edifice with the inflation and deflation phases was also examined. Analysed data were compared in order to shed light on possible relationships with the volcanic activity and to better understand the internal dynamics of the volcano over time. Significant steps during or shortly before major eruptions in the seismic strain release and ground deformation temporal series highlight a straightforward relationship between seismicity occurring at shallow level, inflation/deflation and volcanism. Furthermore, at depths greater than 5-7 km, down to about 20 km, the orientation of the P- and T-axes clearly indicate the existence of a pressure source in the central part of the volcano. All the results underline that the stress field related to the volcano plumbing system interferes with the regional field, partly overriding it.
    Description: INGV-Ricerca Libera 2021 INGV-IMPACT
    Description: Published
    Description: 12951
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Mt. Etna (Italy) ; Volcano dynamics ; Seismic and deformation patterns ; Focal mechanisms ; Stress field ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 198
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    Observations and Retrievals of Volcanic Ash Clouds Using Ground- and Satellite-Based Sensors (2024)
    ieee
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: This work was born from a wish of remembering the fundamental contribution of Prof. Frank Silvio Marzano to the field of physical volcanology. In fact, for the last fifteen years and in the context of several European projects, Prof. Marzano collaborated with many volcanologists as well as scientists from different fields and wrote many scientific articles aimed at studying the dynamics of explosive eruptions. He left his imprinting in this research sector laying the foundations of radar volcanology in Italy, and extended his studies to other sensors. His work is relevant for the analysis of the main eruption source parameters needed to characterize the eruptive events. Here we show how remote sensing instruments applied to analyze explosive activity of different volcanoes worldwide, are going to increase the knowledge in this multidisciplinary research area and the awareness from the scientific community of the potential of these sensors at various wavelengths.
    Description: Published
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 199
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    Dynamics of volcanic vortex rings (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Vortex rings can easily be generated in the laboratory or with homemade devices, but they have also been observed on volcanoes, since the eighteenth century. However, the physical conditions under which volcanic vortex rings form are still unknown. In order to better understand this phenomenon and provide clues on the dynamics of the volcanic vortex rings, we performed a series of finite element simulations to investigate which model configuration leads to the rings formation that best matches the field observations. Results show that the formation of volcanic vortex rings requires a combination of fast gas release from gas bubbles (slugs) at the top of the magma conduit and regularity in the shape of the emitting vent. Our findings offer important insights into the geometry of the uppermost portion of vortex-forming volcanic conduits. Volcanic vortex ring studies may form the basis for a cross-disciplinary assessment of the upper conduit dynamics of volcanic vents.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2369
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 200
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    New Insights Into the Relationship Between Mass Eruption Rate and Volcanic Column Height Based On the IVESPA Data Set (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Rapid and simple estimation of the mass eruption rate (MER) from column height is essential for real-time volcanic hazard management and reconstruction of past explosive eruptions. Using 134 eruptive events from the new Independent Volcanic Eruption Source Parameter Archive (IVESPA, v1.0), we explore empirical MER-height relationships for four measures of column height: spreading level, sulfur dioxide height, and top height from direct observations and as reconstructed from deposits. These relationships show significant differences and highlight limitations of empirical models currently used in operational and research applications. The roles of atmospheric stratification, wind, and humidity remain challenging to detect across the wide range of eruptive conditions spanned in IVESPA, ultimately resulting in empirical relationships outperforming analytical models that account for atmospheric conditions. This finding highlights challenges in constraining the MER-height relation using heterogeneous observations and empirical models, which reinforces the need for improved eruption source parameter data sets and physics-based models.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2022GL102633
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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