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  • History, 21st Century  (459)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (459)
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  • 1
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    Human genome at ten: Life is complicated (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):664-7. doi: 10.1038/464664a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Data Mining ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Neoplasms/genetics/therapy ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Sea Urchins/embryology/genetics ; Systems Biology/*trends ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Germany rising (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):499-500. doi: 10.1038/467499b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20881967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: European Union ; Financing, Organized/economics ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Internationality ; Politics ; Research Support as Topic/economics/history ; Science/economics/history/*standards/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Timeline: Lindau and the zeitgeist (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, John Galbraith -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):S14-5. doi: 10.1038/467S14a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Blogging ; Congresses as Topic/*history/*trends ; Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Nobel Prize ; Nuclear Warfare ; *Research Personnel/history/trends ; Science/*history/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Francis Collins: One year at the helm (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):808-10. doi: 10.1038/466808a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/economics ; Biomedical Research/economics/organization & administration/trends ; Budgets/trends ; Comparative Effectiveness Research ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/*organization & ; administration/trends ; Religion and Science ; Translational Medical Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Obituary: Stephen Henry Schneider (1945-2010) (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mastrandrea, Michael D -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 19;466(7309):933. doi: 10.1038/466933a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group II, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. mikemas@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols ; Climate Change/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Policy Making ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-22
    Description: In the lowermost layer of the atmosphere-the troposphere-ozone is an important source of the hydroxyl radical, an oxidant that breaks down most pollutants and some greenhouse gases. High concentrations of tropospheric ozone are toxic, however, and have a detrimental effect on human health and ecosystem productivity. Moreover, tropospheric ozone itself acts as an effective greenhouse gas. Much of the present tropospheric ozone burden is a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors resulting in widespread increases in ozone concentrations since the late 1800s. At present, east Asia has the fastest-growing ozone precursor emissions. Much of the springtime east Asian pollution is exported eastwards towards western North America. Despite evidence that the exported Asian pollution produces ozone, no previous study has found a significant increase in free tropospheric ozone concentrations above the western USA since measurements began in the late 1970s. Here we compile springtime ozone measurements from many different platforms across western North America. We show a strong increase in springtime ozone mixing ratios during 1995-2008 and we have some additional evidence that a similar rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio has occurred since 1984. We find that the rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio is greatest when measurements are more heavily influenced by direct transport from Asia. Our result agrees with previous modelling studies, which indicate that global ozone concentrations should be increasing during the early part of the twenty-first century as a result of increasing precursor emissions, especially at northern mid-latitudes, with western North America being particularly sensitive to rising Asian emissions. We suggest that the observed increase in springtime background ozone mixing ratio may hinder the USA's compliance with its ozone air quality standard.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, O R -- Parrish, D D -- Stohl, A -- Trainer, M -- Nedelec, P -- Thouret, V -- Cammas, J P -- Oltmans, S J -- Johnson, B J -- Tarasick, D -- Leblanc, T -- McDermid, I S -- Jaffe, D -- Gao, R -- Stith, J -- Ryerson, T -- Aikin, K -- Campos, T -- Weinheimer, A -- Avery, M A -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):344-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20090751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/analysis/chemistry ; Asia ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; North America ; Ozone/*analysis/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Sample Size ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Chagas disease 101 (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clayton, Julie -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):S4-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09220.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20571553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Animals ; Carrier State/epidemiology/immunology/parasitology ; *Chagas Disease/drug therapy/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Chronic Disease/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; History, 16th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Latin America/epidemiology/ethnology ; Neglected Diseases/economics ; Nitroimidazoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Galileo's send-off (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):6. doi: 10.1038/468006a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/history ; Famous Persons ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Italy ; *Jupiter ; *Space Flight ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Multiple personal genomes await (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, J Craig -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):676-7. doi: 10.1038/464676a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92121, USA. jcventer@jcvi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genetics, Medical/*trends ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/economics/history/*trends ; Haploidy ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/economics/history ; Humans ; Male ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine/*trends ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/history/instrumentation/methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Has the revolution arrived? (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):674-5. doi: 10.1038/464674a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. francis.collins@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetics, Medical/*trends ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/economics/history/*trends ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Precision Medicine/*trends ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/history/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Deepwater Horizon: A scientist at the centre of the spill (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrope, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):680-4. doi: 10.1038/466680a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disasters/*statistics & numerical data ; *Expeditions/trends ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; History, 21st Century ; Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Liability, Legal ; Methane/analysis/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis/metabolism ; Petroleum/*adverse effects/*analysis/poisoning ; *Research ; *Research Personnel ; Seawater/analysis/*chemistry ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    The lost legacy of the last great oil spill (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrope, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):304-5. doi: 10.1038/466304a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disasters/history ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/history/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Marine Biology/history/trends ; Mexico ; Oceans and Seas ; Ostreidae ; Petroleum/*analysis/*toxicity ; Population Dynamics ; Research/history/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Obituary: Harry Whittington (1916-2010) (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, Derek E G -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):706. doi: 10.1038/466706a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, and the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. derek.briggs@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; British Columbia ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Paleontology/*history ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Floods linked to San Andreas quakes (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 7;463(7277):16. doi: 10.1038/463016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; Disasters/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Earthquakes/history/*statistics & numerical data ; Floods/history/*statistics & numerical data ; Fresh Water ; History, 15th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Risk Management ; Rivers ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    To make progress we must remember and learn from the past (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penders, Bart -- Vermeulen, Niki -- Parker, John N -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):157. doi: 10.1038/463157d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Government ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Learning ; Private Sector ; Public Policy ; Science/*history/*methods/trends ; *Search Engine ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    The human genome at ten (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):649-50. doi: 10.1038/464649a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Genetic Testing/trends ; Genetics, Medical/*trends ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/economics/*history/trends ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/*history ; Humans ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Benoit Mandelbrot (1924-2010) (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomory, Ralph -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):378. doi: 10.1038/468378a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fractals/*history ; France ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Mathematics/history ; Nature ; Poland ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Palaeogenetics: Icy resolve (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):724-5. doi: 10.1038/463724a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20148008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Cryopreservation ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Denmark ; Emigration and Immigration/*history ; Feces ; Fossils ; Genetics, Medical/history ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Greenland/ethnology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Inuits/*ethnology/*history ; Male ; Paleontology/*history ; Phylogeny ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Siberia/ethnology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    James Watson's genome sequenced at high speed (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):788. doi: 10.1038/452788b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18431822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Counseling/trends ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics/economics/*trends ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/*trends ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Science & music: lost in music (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huron, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):456-7. doi: 10.1038/453456a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Music & Center for Cognitive Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cultural Diversity ; *Cultural Evolution ; History, 17th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Music/history ; *Neurosciences
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  • 21
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    Beyond the origin (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):281. doi: 10.1038/456281a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; *Biological Evolution ; Biological Science Disciplines/history ; Genetic Speciation ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-04
    Description: The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is particularly sensitive to climatic changes in autumn and spring, with spring and autumn temperatures over northern latitudes having risen by about 1.1 degrees C and 0.8 degrees C, respectively, over the past two decades. A simultaneous greening trend has also been observed, characterized by a longer growing season and greater photosynthetic activity. These observations have led to speculation that spring and autumn warming could enhance carbon sequestration and extend the period of net carbon uptake in the future. Here we analyse interannual variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration data and ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes. We find that atmospheric records from the past 20 years show a trend towards an earlier autumn-to-winter carbon dioxide build-up, suggesting a shorter net carbon uptake period. This trend cannot be explained by changes in atmospheric transport alone and, together with the ecosystem flux data, suggest increasing carbon losses in autumn. We use a process-based terrestrial biosphere model and satellite vegetation greenness index observations to investigate further the observed seasonal response of northern ecosystems to autumnal warming. We find that both photosynthesis and respiration increase during autumn warming, but the increase in respiration is greater. In contrast, warming increases photosynthesis more than respiration in spring. Our simulations and observations indicate that northern terrestrial ecosystems may currently lose carbon dioxide in response to autumn warming, with a sensitivity of about 0.2 PgC degrees C(-1), offsetting 90% of the increased carbon dioxide uptake during spring. If future autumn warming occurs at a faster rate than in spring, the ability of northern ecosystems to sequester carbon may be diminished earlier than previously suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piao, Shilong -- Ciais, Philippe -- Friedlingstein, Pierre -- Peylin, Philippe -- Reichstein, Markus -- Luyssaert, Sebastiaan -- Margolis, Hank -- Fang, Jingyun -- Barr, Alan -- Chen, Anping -- Grelle, Achim -- Hollinger, David Y -- Laurila, Tuomas -- Lindroth, Anders -- Richardson, Andrew D -- Vesala, Timo -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):49-52. doi: 10.1038/nature06444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉LSCE, UMR CEA-CNRS, Batiment 709, CE, L'Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. slpiao@lsce.ipsl.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18172494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/*metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; *Ecosystem ; Fossil Fuels ; Geography ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Transpiration ; Plants/metabolism ; Rain ; *Seasons ; Soil/analysis ; *Temperature ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: Old-growth forests remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at rates that vary with climate and nitrogen deposition. The sequestered carbon dioxide is stored in live woody tissues and slowly decomposing organic matter in litter and soil. Old-growth forests therefore serve as a global carbon dioxide sink, but they are not protected by international treaties, because it is generally thought that ageing forests cease to accumulate carbon. Here we report a search of literature and databases for forest carbon-flux estimates. We find that in forests between 15 and 800 years of age, net ecosystem productivity (the net carbon balance of the forest including soils) is usually positive. Our results demonstrate that old-growth forests can continue to accumulate carbon, contrary to the long-standing view that they are carbon neutral. Over 30 per cent of the global forest area is unmanaged primary forest, and this area contains the remaining old-growth forests. Half of the primary forests (6 x 10(8) hectares) are located in the boreal and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. On the basis of our analysis, these forests alone sequester about 1.3 +/- 0.5 gigatonnes of carbon per year. Thus, our findings suggest that 15 per cent of the global forest area, which is currently not considered when offsetting increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, provides at least 10 per cent of the global net ecosystem productivity. Old-growth forests accumulate carbon for centuries and contain large quantities of it. We expect, however, that much of this carbon, even soil carbon, will move back to the atmosphere if these forests are disturbed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luyssaert, Sebastiaan -- Schulze, E-Detlef -- Borner, Annett -- Knohl, Alexander -- Hessenmoller, Dominik -- Law, Beverly E -- Ciais, Philippe -- Grace, John -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):213-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. sebastiaan.luyssaert@ua.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Databases, Factual ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Activities ; Time Factors ; Trees/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science & music: raising the roof (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barron, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):859-60. doi: 10.1038/453859a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorption ; *Acoustics ; Auditory Perception ; *Facility Design and Construction/history ; Hearing/physiology ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Music/history
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    The advent and development of organocatalysis (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-19
    Description: The use of small organic molecules as catalysts has been known for more than a century. But only in the past decade has organocatalysis become a thriving area of general concepts and widely applicable asymmetric reactions. Here I present my opinion on why the field of organocatalysis has blossomed so dramatically over the past decade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacMillan, David W C -- R01 GM078201-01-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):304-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, 116 Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA. dmacmill@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Chemistry, Organic/*history/*methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ions/chemistry
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    Celebrations for Darwin downplay Wallace's role (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beccaloni, George W -- Smith, Vincent S -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1050. doi: 10.1038/4511050d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Argentina's pivotal moment (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smaglik, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):494-6. doi: 10.1038/nj7177-494a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18290265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Argentina ; Emigration and Immigration/history/trends ; *Federal Government ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Politics ; Research Personnel/economics/history/*trends ; Research Support as Topic/economics/history ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Science/*economics/history/manpower/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Population biology: Case of the absent lemmings (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coulson, Tim -- Malo, Aurelio -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):43-4. doi: 10.1038/456043a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Snow ; Temperature
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    Science prizes: Best in class (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Powell, Kendall -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):455-8. doi: 10.1038/455455a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Awards and Prizes ; Creativity ; Elephants/physiology ; *Foundations/economics ; Greenhouse Effect ; Hand/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Illinois ; Neurosciences ; *Research Personnel/economics/psychology ; Robotics ; *Science/economics ; Selection, Genetic
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    Obituary: Bert Bolin (1925-2008) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, Bob -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):642. doi: 10.1038/451642a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Watson@defra.gsi.gov.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Sweden
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    Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in the climate system, helping to drive atmospheric circulations in the tropics by absorbing energy and recycling about half of the rainfall that falls on it. This region (Amazonia) is also estimated to contain about one-tenth of the total carbon stored in land ecosystems, and to account for one-tenth of global, net primary productivity. The resilience of the forest to the combined pressures of deforestation and global warming is therefore of great concern, especially as some general circulation models (GCMs) predict a severe drying of Amazonia in the twenty-first century. Here we analyse these climate projections with reference to the 2005 drought in western Amazonia, which was associated with unusually warm North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs). We show that reduction of dry-season (July-October) rainfall in western Amazonia correlates well with an index of the north-south SST gradient across the equatorial Atlantic (the 'Atlantic N-S gradient'). Our climate model is unusual among current GCMs in that it is able to reproduce this relationship and also the observed twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic N-S gradient, provided that the effects of aerosols are included in the model. Simulations for the twenty-first century using the same model show a strong tendency for the SST conditions associated with the 2005 drought to become much more common, owing to continuing reductions in reflective aerosol pollution in the Northern Hemisphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, Peter M -- Harris, Phil P -- Huntingford, Chris -- Betts, Richard A -- Collins, Matthew -- Jones, Chris D -- Jupp, Tim E -- Marengo, Jose A -- Nobre, Carlos A -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):212-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK. p.m.cox@exeter.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/*analysis ; Atlantic Ocean ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Disasters/history/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution/*statistics & numerical data ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Models, Theoretical ; Pacific Ocean ; Probability ; Rain ; Seasons ; South America ; Temperature ; Trees/*physiology
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    Defence research: still in the lead? (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):390-3. doi: 10.1038/451390a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bionics/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internet ; Research/history/*trends ; Robotics/trends ; Security Measures/history/organization & administration/*trends ; Technology/history/*trends ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/history/organization & ; administration/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    When authorship met authenticity (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johns, Adrian -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1058-9. doi: 10.1038/4511058a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Chicago, 1126 East 59th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Authorship ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Fraud/*history ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Internationality ; Patents as Topic/*history ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics/*history/*standards
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    Human behaviour: killer instincts (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Dan -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):512-5. doi: 10.1038/451512a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aggression/*physiology/psychology ; Altruism ; Anger/physiology ; Animals ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/physiopathology ; *Biological Evolution ; Conflict (Psychology) ; Female ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Medieval ; *Homicide/history/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Morals ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; United Nations ; Violence/psychology ; Warfare
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    Profile: Learning from death (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wenner, Melinda -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):271-3. doi: 10.1038/453271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Caspases/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Kenya ; Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; United States
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    Brave new worlds (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):137-8. doi: 10.1038/455137b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic/*history ; Creativity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Internationality ; Paris ; Physics/*history ; Research Personnel/history
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    Funding cuts leave 'golden era' looking tarnished (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bland, Phil -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):768. doi: 10.1038/451768c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/history/*trends ; Science/*economics/history/trends
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    Changing the rules won't stop the rise of a new superpower (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maseland, Robbert -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):167. doi: 10.1038/455167c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Competitive Behavior ; Creativity ; Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Internationality ; Science/history/*standards/trends ; United States
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    Linking climate change to lemming cycles (2008)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: The population cycles of rodents at northern latitudes have puzzled people for centuries, and their impact is manifest throughout the alpine ecosystem. Climate change is known to be able to drive animal population dynamics between stable and cyclic phases, and has been suggested to cause the recent changes in cyclic dynamics of rodents and their predators. But although predator-rodent interactions are commonly argued to be the cause of the Fennoscandian rodent cycles, the role of the environment in the modulation of such dynamics is often poorly understood in natural systems. Hence, quantitative links between climate-driven processes and rodent dynamics have so far been lacking. Here we show that winter weather and snow conditions, together with density dependence in the net population growth rate, account for the observed population dynamics of the rodent community dominated by lemmings (Lemmus lemmus) in an alpine Norwegian core habitat between 1970 and 1997, and predict the observed absence of rodent peak years after 1994. These local rodent dynamics are coherent with alpine bird dynamics both locally and over all of southern Norway, consistent with the influence of large-scale fluctuations in winter conditions. The relationship between commonly available meteorological data and snow conditions indicates that changes in temperature and humidity, and thus conditions in the subnivean space, seem to markedly affect the dynamics of alpine rodents and their linked groups. The pattern of less regular rodent peaks, and corresponding changes in the overall dynamics of the alpine ecosystem, thus seems likely to prevail over a growing area under projected climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kausrud, Kyrre L -- Mysterud, Atle -- Steen, Harald -- Vik, Jon Olav -- Ostbye, Eivind -- Cazelles, Bernard -- Framstad, Erik -- Eikeset, Anne Maria -- Mysterud, Ivar -- Solhoy, Torstein -- Stenseth, Nils Chr -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):93-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Birds/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humidity ; Models, Biological ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Snow ; Temperature
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    Carbon cycle: harvest of the century (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayorga, Emilio -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):405-6. doi: 10.1038/451405a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history/methods ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Bicarbonates/analysis/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Activities/*history ; Louisiana ; Mississippi ; Rain ; Rivers/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    China: The man who unveiled China (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winchester, Simon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):409-11. doi: 10.1038/454409a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉simonwinchester@mac.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Authorship ; China ; Culture ; England ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Literature, Modern/*history ; Technology/education/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Palaeontology: the new mother lode (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):153-5. doi: 10.1038/455153a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argentina ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs ; *Fossils ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification ; Paleontology/history ; Plants ; Politics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi River (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: The water and dissolved inorganic carbon exported by rivers are important net fluxes that connect terrestrial and oceanic water and carbon reservoirs. For most rivers, the majority of dissolved inorganic carbon is in the form of bicarbonate. The riverine bicarbonate flux originates mainly from the dissolution of rock minerals by soil water carbon dioxide, a process called chemical weathering, which controls the buffering capacity and mineral content of receiving streams and rivers. Here we introduce an unprecedented high-temporal-resolution, 100-year data set from the Mississippi River and couple it with sub-watershed and precipitation data to reveal that the large increase in bicarbonate flux that has occurred over the past 50 years (ref. 3) is clearly anthropogenically driven. We show that the increase in bicarbonate and water fluxes is caused mainly by an increase in discharge from agricultural watersheds that has not been balanced by a rise in precipitation, which is also relevant to nutrient and pesticide fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico. These findings demonstrate that alterations in chemical weathering are relevant to improving contemporary biogeochemical budgets. Furthermore, land use change and management were arguably more important than changes in climate and plant CO2 fertilization to increases in riverine water and carbon export from this large region over the past 50 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, Peter A -- Oh, Neung-Hwan -- Turner, R Eugene -- Broussard, Whitney -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):449-52. doi: 10.1038/nature06505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. peter.raymond@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; Bicarbonates/*analysis/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Activities/history ; Mississippi ; Rain ; Rivers/*chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Does the past have a future in Berlin? (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):2. doi: 10.1038/454002a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Berlin ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Museums/history ; Schools, Medical/economics/organization & administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular biology: the expanding world of small RNAs (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grosshans, Helge -- Filipowicz, Witold -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):414-6. doi: 10.1038/451414a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Biology/history ; Organ Specificity ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/biosynthesis/classification/*genetics/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Substrate Specificity ; Viruses/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    This time it's personal (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):697. doi: 10.1038/453697a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genome, Human ; Genomics/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)/history/*organization & ; administration/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Obituary: M. Judah Folkman (1933-2008) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klagsbrun, Michael -- Moses, Marsha A -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):781. doi: 10.1038/451781a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. michael.klagsbrun@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18273010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Awards and Prizes ; Biomarkers ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*blood supply/drug therapy ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy ; United States
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    Migration: an engine for social change (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richerson, Peter J -- Boyd, Robert -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):877. doi: 10.1038/456877a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peter J. Richerson is in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. pjricherson@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conflict (Psychology) ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Emigration and Immigration/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Internationality/history
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    Birthdays to remember (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Browne, Janet -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):324-5. doi: 10.1038/456324a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, USA. jbrowne@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anniversaries and Special Events ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Finches/physiology ; Fossils ; Great Britain ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Literature, Modern/history ; *Models, Biological ; Mutagenesis ; Selection, Genetic
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    China: The end of the science superpowers (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers Hollingsworth, J -- Muller, Karl H -- Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):412-3. doi: 10.1038/454412a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Wisconsin (Madison), 455 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. hollingsjr@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Europe ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Science/economics/*history/standards/*trends ; United States
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    Thresholds for Cenozoic bipolar glaciation (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: The long-standing view of Earth's Cenozoic glacial history calls for the first continental-scale glaciation of Antarctica in the earliest Oligocene epoch ( approximately 33.6 million years ago), followed by the onset of northern-hemispheric glacial cycles in the late Pliocene epoch, about 31 million years later. The pivotal early Oligocene event is characterized by a rapid shift of 1.5 parts per thousand in deep-sea benthic oxygen-isotope values (Oi-1) within a few hundred thousand years, reflecting a combination of terrestrial ice growth and deep-sea cooling. The apparent absence of contemporaneous cooling in deep-sea Mg/Ca records, however, has been argued to reflect the growth of more ice than can be accommodated on Antarctica; this, combined with new evidence of continental cooling and ice-rafted debris in the Northern Hemisphere during this period, raises the possibility that Oi-1 represents a precursory bipolar glaciation. Here we test this hypothesis using an isotope-capable global climate/ice-sheet model that accommodates both the long-term decline of Cenozoic atmospheric CO(2) levels and the effects of orbital forcing. We show that the CO(2) threshold below which glaciation occurs in the Northern Hemisphere ( approximately 280 p.p.m.v.) is much lower than that for Antarctica ( approximately 750 p.p.m.v.). Therefore, the growth of ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere immediately following Antarctic glaciation would have required rapid CO(2) drawdown within the Oi-1 timeframe, to levels lower than those estimated by geochemical proxies and carbon-cycle models. Instead of bipolar glaciation, we find that Oi-1 is best explained by Antarctic glaciation alone, combined with deep-sea cooling of up to 4 degrees C and Antarctic ice that is less isotopically depleted (-30 to -35 per thousand) than previously suggested. Proxy CO(2) estimates remain above our model's northern-hemispheric glaciation threshold of approximately 280 p.p.m.v. until approximately 25 Myr ago, but have been near or below that level ever since. This implies that episodic northern-hemispheric ice sheets have been possible some 20 million years earlier than currently assumed (although still much later than Oi-1) and could explain some of the variability in Miocene sea-level records.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deconto, Robert M -- Pollard, David -- Wilson, Paul A -- Palike, Heiko -- Lear, Caroline H -- Pagani, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):652-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. deconto@geo.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Calcium ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Cold Climate ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Magnesium ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Seasons
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    An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zachos, James C -- Dickens, Gerald R -- Zeebe, Richard E -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 17;451(7176):279-83. doi: 10.1038/nature06588.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA. jzachos@es.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Human Activities ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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    Attributing physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: Significant changes in physical and biological systems are occurring on all continents and in most oceans, with a concentration of available data in Europe and North America. Most of these changes are in the direction expected with warming temperature. Here we show that these changes in natural systems since at least 1970 are occurring in regions of observed temperature increases, and that these temperature increases at continental scales cannot be explained by natural climate variations alone. Given the conclusions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely to be due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, and furthermore that it is likely that there has been significant anthropogenic warming over the past 50 years averaged over each continent except Antarctica, we conclude that anthropogenic climate change is having a significant impact on physical and biological systems globally and in some continents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenzweig, Cynthia -- Karoly, David -- Vicarelli, Marta -- Neofotis, Peter -- Wu, Qigang -- Casassa, Gino -- Menzel, Annette -- Root, Terry L -- Estrella, Nicole -- Seguin, Bernard -- Tryjanowski, Piotr -- Liu, Chunzhen -- Rawlins, Samuel -- Imeson, Anton -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):353-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06937.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia Center for Climate Systems Research, 2800 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA. crosenzweig@giss.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Geography ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Activities ; Ice ; Internationality ; Marine Biology ; Models, Statistical ; Temperature
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    Kavli invests in institutes (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):713. doi: 10.1038/455713a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*economics ; California ; Fund Raising/*economics ; History, 21st Century ; Research Support as Topic/*economics
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    Science teaching must evolve (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Andrew -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 1;453(7191):31-2. doi: 10.1038/453031a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science & Society Programme at the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education/history ; Computational Biology/education ; Curriculum/standards/*trends ; Evolution, Molecular ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internationality ; Models, Biological ; Teaching/history/*standards/*trends
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    The four-year fight for biological art. Steven Kurtz interviewed by Rachel Courtland (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurtz, Steven -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):707. doi: 10.1038/453707a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Art ; Biological Warfare/prevention & control ; *Federal Government ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Guinea Pigs ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Science/*education ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Secret treasure-troves restored (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):500. doi: 10.1038/451500a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culture ; Germany ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Italy ; Natural History/*history/*trends ; Periodicals as Topic/trends ; Research Personnel/history ; Specimen Handling/*history/*trends ; *Universities/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-20
    Description: Changes in the climate system's energy budget are predominantly revealed in ocean temperatures and the associated thermal expansion contribution to sea-level rise. Climate models, however, do not reproduce the large decadal variability in globally averaged ocean heat content inferred from the sparse observational database, even when volcanic and other variable climate forcings are included. The sum of the observed contributions has also not adequately explained the overall multi-decadal rise. Here we report improved estimates of near-global ocean heat content and thermal expansion for the upper 300 m and 700 m of the ocean for 1950-2003, using statistical techniques that allow for sparse data coverage and applying recent corrections to reduce systematic biases in the most common ocean temperature observations. Our ocean warming and thermal expansion trends for 1961-2003 are about 50 per cent larger than earlier estimates but about 40 per cent smaller for 1993-2003, which is consistent with the recognition that previously estimated rates for the 1990s had a positive bias as a result of instrumental errors. On average, the decadal variability of the climate models with volcanic forcing now agrees approximately with the observations, but the modelled multi-decadal trends are smaller than observed. We add our observational estimate of upper-ocean thermal expansion to other contributions to sea-level rise and find that the sum of contributions from 1961 to 2003 is about 1.5 +/- 0.4 mm yr(-1), in good agreement with our updated estimate of near-global mean sea-level rise (using techniques established in earlier studies) of 1.6 +/- 0.2 mm yr(-1).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Domingues, Catia M -- Church, John A -- White, Neil J -- Gleckler, Peter J -- Wijffels, Susan E -- Barker, Paul M -- Dunn, Jeff R -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1090-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. catia.domingues@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Forecasting ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Hot Temperature ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas ; Research Design ; Seawater/*analysis ; Time Factors ; Volcanic Eruptions
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change: attributing cause and effect (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwiers, Francis -- Hegerl, Gabriele -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):296-7. doi: 10.1038/453296a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Activities ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Models, Statistical
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Philanthropy needed (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 17;451(7176):224. doi: 10.1038/451224a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic/*economics/history ; Drug Industry/economics/history ; Foundations/*economics/*organization & administration/trends ; *Fund Raising/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; London ; Nobel Prize ; Research Personnel/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Obituary: Christopher Curtis (1939-2008) (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nath, Indira -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1002. doi: 10.1038/4531002a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Indira Nath is in the LEPRA - Blue Peter Research Centre, Cherlapally, Hyderabad 501301, India. indiranath@bprcleprasociety.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Culicidae/genetics/*physiology ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Insect Control/*history ; Malaria/*prevention & control/transmission ; Pregnancy ; Public Health/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    What Spaceguard did (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Alan -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 26;453(7199):1178-9. doi: 10.1038/4531178a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Institute, 4603 Orange Knoll Avenue, La Canada, California 91011-3364, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18580926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Earth (Planet) ; *Environmental Monitoring/history/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Meteoroids ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Personal genomes: A disruptive personality, disrupted (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Bryn -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):26-8. doi: 10.1038/456026a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Boston ; Computational Biology/trends ; Drug Industry/organization & administration/*trends ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/*trends ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Individuality ; Washington
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Language: Disputed definitions (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ledford, Heidi -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1023-8. doi: 10.1038/4551023a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Consciousness/physiology ; Continental Population Groups ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; *Science/history ; Stem Cells ; *Terminology as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    The charge of technology (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: Science policies based on techno-nationalist thinking and fantasies about the past technological revolutions will get us nowhere fast, says David Edgerton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edgerton, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1030-1. doi: 10.1038/4551030a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. d.edgerton@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research/economics/history/trends ; Technology/*economics/history/*trends
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    Nuclear war: the threat that never went away (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, Declan -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):114-5. doi: 10.1038/451114a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18185550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *International Cooperation/history ; Nuclear Warfare/*history/*prevention & control/trends ; Security Measures/history/trends ; Terrorism/prevention & control/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Beijing 1987: China's coming-out party (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hassan, Mohamed -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):598-9. doi: 10.1038/455598a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉TWAS, the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World in Trieste, Italy. mhassan@twas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/history ; Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Congresses as Topic/*history ; Cooperative Behavior ; Developing Countries/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Science/*history/trends
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    Novartis Foundation to close its doors (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 17;451(7176):233. doi: 10.1038/451233a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic/economics/history/*organization & administration/trends ; Drug Industry/history/organization & administration/trends ; Foundations/history/*organization & administration/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; London
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    Profile: meet exhibit I (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayden, Erika Check -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):763-5. doi: 10.1038/451763a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information/ethics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*history ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Fake drugs: lessons for the world. Dora Akunyili interviewed by Meredith Wadman (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akunyili, Dora -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):924. doi: 10.1038/452924a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18441547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Drug Industry/economics/*ethics/standards ; Fraud/*prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; India ; International Cooperation ; Nigeria
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    Observed and modelled stability of overflow across the Greenland-Scotland ridge (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: Across the Greenland-Scotland ridge there is a continuous flow of cold dense water, termed 'overflow', from the Nordic seas to the Atlantic Ocean. This is a main contributor to the production of North Atlantic Deep Water that feeds the lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which has been predicted to weaken as a consequence of climate change. The two main overflow branches pass the Denmark Strait and the Faroe Bank channel. Here we combine results from direct current measurements in the Faroe Bank channel for 1995-2005 with an ensemble hindcast experiment for 1948-2005 using an ocean general circulation model. For the overlapping period we find a convincing agreement between model simulations and observations on monthly to interannual timescales. Both observations and model data show no significant trend in volume transport. In addition, for the whole 1948-2005 period, the model indicates no persistent trend in the Faroe Bank channel overflow or in the total overflow transport, in agreement with the few available historical observations. Deepening isopycnals in the Norwegian Sea have tended to decrease the pressure difference across the Greenland-Scotland ridge, but this has been compensated for by the effect of changes in sea level. In contrast with earlier studies, we therefore conclude that the Faroe Bank channel overflow, and also the total overflow, did not decrease consistently from 1950 to 2005, although the model does show a weakening total Atlantic meridional overturning circulation as a result of changes south of the Greenland-Scotland ridge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Steffen M -- Hansen, Bogi -- Quadfasel, Detlef -- Osterhus, Svein -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):519-22. doi: 10.1038/nature07302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. smo@dmi.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Computer Simulation ; Denmark ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenland ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Ice/analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Pressure ; Scotland ; Seawater/*analysis ; *Water Movements
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    Anatomy: truly gross anatomy (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vance, Erik -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 3;452(7187):525-6. doi: 10.1038/452525a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18385709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy/economics/education ; Animals ; Cetacea/*anatomy & histology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; New York City
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    25 years of HIV (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):289-90. doi: 10.1038/453289a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the US National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/history ; Anti-HIV Agents/history/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*history/prevention & control/virology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Time Factors ; Zidovudine/history/pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Planetary science: The burger bar that saved the world (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandler, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 26;453(7199):1164-8. doi: 10.1038/4531164a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18580921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dinosaurs ; Earth (Planet) ; Environmental Monitoring/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Minor Planets ; Moon ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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    Obituary: Seymour Benzer (1921-2007) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, David -- Brenner, Sydney -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):139. doi: 10.1038/451139a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉David Anderson is in the Division of Biology, 216-276 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.wuwei@caltech.edu; sbrenner@salk.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18185579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics ; Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Neurobiology/history
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    Darwin's enduring legacy (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Padian, Kevin -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):632-4. doi: 10.1038/451632a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*history ; Classification ; Ecology/history ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Genetic Speciation ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics
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    Building better batteries (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armand, M -- Tarascon, J-M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):652-7. doi: 10.1038/451652a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉LRCS, CNRS UMR-6007, Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Automobiles/history ; Bioelectric Energy Sources/economics/history/trends ; Biomass ; Biomimetics ; Cell Phones/history ; Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/history/*methods/*trends ; Electrochemistry/economics/history ; Electronics/economics/history/trends ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Lithium/chemistry ; Nanotechnology/trends ; Oxygen/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    HIV: The next shot (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):565-9. doi: 10.1038/454565a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18668076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/adverse effects/economics/*history/immunology ; Animals ; Biomedical Research/*history ; Clinical Trials as Topic/economics/history ; HIV Infections/economics/history/*prevention & control ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience: The great squid hunt (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scully, Tony -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):934-6. doi: 10.1038/454934a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chile ; Decapodiformes/*cytology/*physiology ; Electrophysiology/*history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Laboratories ; Neurons/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Translational research: a case history (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, Helen -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):846-9. doi: 10.1038/453846a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/*history/*organization & administration ; Biomedical Research/economics/*history/*organization & administration ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Financial Management ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internationality ; Neoplasms/therapy ; *Technology Transfer
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Meetings that changed the world: Madrid 1995: Diagnosing climate change (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houghton, John -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):737-8. doi: 10.1038/455737a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉john.houghton@jri.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic/*history ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Activities ; International Cooperation ; Spain
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Computational prediction of small-molecule catalysts (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-19
    Description: Most organic and organometallic catalysts have been discovered through serendipity or trial and error, rather than by rational design. Computational methods, however, are rapidly becoming a versatile tool for understanding and predicting the roles of such catalysts in asymmetric reactions. Such methods should now be regarded as a first line of attack in the design of catalysts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717898/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717898/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houk, K N -- Cheong, Paul Ha-Yeon -- GM 36700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM036700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM036700-23/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):309-13. doi: 10.1038/nature07368.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. houk@chem.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Chemistry/history/*methods ; *Computational Biology/history ; *Computer Simulation ; Drug Design ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Kinetics ; Molecular Structure
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change: when did the icehouse cometh? (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pekar, Stephen F -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):602-3. doi: 10.1038/455602a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Cold Climate ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Steven Chu prepares for power (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):241. doi: 10.1038/457241a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NOAA chief ready to tackle climate (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):396. doi: 10.1038/458396a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19334300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Leadership ; Marine Biology ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Recession Watch: No time for nationalism (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sunami, Atsushi -- Kurokawa, Kiyoshi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):960-1. doi: 10.1038/457960a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo. sunami-atsushi@grips.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emigrants and Immigrants ; Financing, Government/history ; Foreign Professional Personnel ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; *Public Policy ; Research/economics/*history/manpower/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global Darwin: long kept under wraps in Pakistan (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayani, Saheeb Ahmed -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):984. doi: 10.1038/462984b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pakistan ; *Religion and Science ; Science/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Obituary: Norman E. Borlaug (1914-2009) (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swaminathan, M S -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):894. doi: 10.1038/461894a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Third Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India. chairman@mssrf.res.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Breeding/history ; Food Supply/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Plant Diseases/genetics/microbiology ; Triticum/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Science journalism: Too close for comfort (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rensberger, Boyce -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 25;459(7250):1055-6. doi: 10.1038/4591055a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Knight Science Journalism Fellowship programme at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. boycerensberger@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Journalism/history/standards/*trends ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Obituary: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923-2008) (2009)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goudsmit, Jaap -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):394. doi: 10.1038/457394a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jaap Goudsmit is in the Research and Development Department of Crucell Holland, PO Box 2048, Leiden, 2301 CA, the Netherlands, and in the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam. j.goudsmit@crucell.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nobel Prize ; Prion Diseases/*history/transmission ; Prions/chemistry/*history/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Property rights (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):385. doi: 10.1038/458386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; *Genes ; *Genetic Testing/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/history/*legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical ; data ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Dormant microbes: time to revive some old ideas (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kell, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):831. doi: 10.1038/458831b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Microbiological Techniques/*history ; Microbiology/*history
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    Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Plant photosynthesis tends to increase with irradiance. However, recent theoretical and observational studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis is also more efficient under diffuse light conditions. Changes in cloud cover or atmospheric aerosol loadings, arising from either volcanic or anthropogenic emissions, alter both the total photosynthetically active radiation reaching the surface and the fraction of this radiation that is diffuse, with uncertain overall effects on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink. Here we estimate the impact of variations in diffuse fraction on the land carbon sink using a global model modified to account for the effects of variations in both direct and diffuse radiation on canopy photosynthesis. We estimate that variations in diffuse fraction, associated largely with the 'global dimming' period, enhanced the land carbon sink by approximately one-quarter between 1960 and 1999. However, under a climate mitigation scenario for the twenty-first century in which sulphate aerosols decline before atmospheric CO(2) is stabilized, this 'diffuse-radiation' fertilization effect declines rapidly to near zero by the end of the twenty-first century.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercado, Lina M -- Bellouin, Nicolas -- Sitch, Stephen -- Boucher, Olivier -- Huntingford, Chris -- Wild, Martin -- Cox, Peter M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1014-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK. lmme@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis/chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Photosynthesis/*radiation effects ; Plants/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Sulfates/metabolism ; *Sunlight ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    A safe operating space for humanity (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rockstrom, Johan -- Steffen, Will -- Noone, Kevin -- Persson, Asa -- Chapin, F Stuart 3rd -- Lambin, Eric F -- Lenton, Timothy M -- Scheffer, Marten -- Folke, Carl -- Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim -- Nykvist, Bjorn -- de Wit, Cynthia A -- Hughes, Terry -- van der Leeuw, Sander -- Rodhe, Henning -- Sorlin, Sverker -- Snyder, Peter K -- Costanza, Robert -- Svedin, Uno -- Falkenmark, Malin -- Karlberg, Louise -- Corell, Robert W -- Fabry, Victoria J -- Hansen, James -- Walker, Brian -- Liverman, Diana -- Richardson, Katherine -- Crutzen, Paul -- Foley, Jonathan A -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):472-5. doi: 10.1038/461472a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kraftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Civilization ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/trends ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecology/*methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Green Chemistry Technology/*methods/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Human Activities/history ; Humans ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Patterns of drug use have varied throughout history (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnap, Don -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):533. doi: 10.1038/457533b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Enhancement/history ; Cannabinoids/*history ; *Cognition ; Creativity ; Hallucinogens/*history ; Health ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Scientists on Turkey's banknotes should inspire young minds (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhdanov, Renad -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):956. doi: 10.1038/457956a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research Personnel/*history ; Science/*history ; Turkey ; Universities/trends
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    Shooting for the moon (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monastersky, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):314-5. doi: 10.1038/460314a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronauts/economics/*history/*trends ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Moon ; Research Personnel/psychology ; Space Flight/economics/*history/*trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/economics/*history/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Global change: China at the carbon crossroads (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, Kevin Robert -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):977-9. doi: 10.1038/458977a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossil Fuels ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Soil/analysis ; Trees/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 99
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    Culture clash (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 8;457(7226):129-30. doi: 10.1038/457129b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conflict (Psychology) ; *Cultural Diversity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Social Sciences/*history ; United States ; Violence ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: With polar temperatures approximately 3-5 degrees C warmer than today, the last interglacial stage (approximately 125 kyr ago) serves as a partial analogue for 1-2 degrees C global warming scenarios. Geological records from several sites indicate that local sea levels during the last interglacial were higher than today, but because local sea levels differ from global sea level, accurately reconstructing past global sea level requires an integrated analysis of globally distributed data sets. Here we present an extensive compilation of local sea level indicators and a statistical approach for estimating global sea level, local sea levels, ice sheet volumes and their associated uncertainties. We find a 95% probability that global sea level peaked at least 6.6 m higher than today during the last interglacial; it is likely (67% probability) to have exceeded 8.0 m but is unlikely (33% probability) to have exceeded 9.4 m. When global sea level was close to its current level (〉or=-10 m), the millennial average rate of global sea level rise is very likely to have exceeded 5.6 m kyr(-1) but is unlikely to have exceeded 9.2 m kyr(-1). Our analysis extends previous last interglacial sea level studies by integrating literature observations within a probabilistic framework that accounts for the physics of sea level change. The results highlight the long-term vulnerability of ice sheets to even relatively low levels of sustained global warming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kopp, Robert E -- Simons, Frederik J -- Mitrovica, Jerry X -- Maloof, Adam C -- Oppenheimer, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):863-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08686.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. rkopp@alumni.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Antarctic Regions ; Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenland ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas ; *Probability ; Seawater/*analysis ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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