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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 1
    Journal cover
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Online: 2013 –
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | JSTOR
    Online: 1(1).1915 – (older than 96 years)
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) , JSTOR
    Print ISSN: 0096-3771
    Electronic ISSN: 2327-7513
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | HighWire Press
    Online: 1.1880 –
    Print: 159.1968 - 206.1979, 213.1981 - 220.1983, 259.1993 – 338.2012 (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 63/2 - 64/5)
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) , HighWire Press
    Corporation: American Association for the Advancement of Science, AAAS
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | JSTOR
    Online: 1(1).1880 – 56(1461).1922
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) , JSTOR
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Online: 2015 –
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Keywords: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaften
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Online: 2001 –
    Formerly as: Science Express  (2001–2015)
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Online: 2021 –
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Electronic ISSN: 2694-1589
    Topics: Geography
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: Environmental risk assessment of chemicals is essential but often relies on ethically controversial and expensive methods. We show that tests using cell cultures, combined with modeling of toxicological effects, can replace tests with juvenile fish. Hundreds of thousands of fish at this developmental stage are annually used to assess the influence of chemicals on growth. Juveniles are more sensitive than adult fish, and their growth can affect their chances to survive and reproduce. Thus, to reduce the number of fish used for such tests, we propose a method that can quantitatively predict chemical impact on fish growth based on in vitro data. Our model predicts reduced fish growth in two fish species in excellent agreement with measured in vivo data of two pesticides. This promising step toward alternatives to fish toxicity testing is simple, inexpensive, and fast and only requires in vitro data for model calibration.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of peptic ulceration and gastric cancer worldwide. To achieve colonization of the stomach, this Gram-negative bacterium adheres to Lewis b (Le b ) antigens in the gastric mucosa using its outer membrane protein BabA. Structural information for BabA has been elusive, and thus, its molecular mechanism for recognizing Le b antigens remains unknown. We present the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of BabA, from H. pylori strain J99, in the absence and presence of Le b at 2.0- and 2.1-Å resolutions, respectively. BabA is a predominantly α-helical molecule with a markedly kinked tertiary structure containing a single, shallow Le b binding site at its tip within a β-strand motif. No conformational change occurs in BabA upon binding of Le b , which is characterized by low affinity under acidic [ K D (dissociation constant) of ~227 μM] and neutral ( K D of ~252 μM) conditions. Binding is mediated by a network of hydrogen bonds between Le b Fuc1, GlcNAc3, Fuc4, and Gal5 residues and a total of eight BabA amino acids (C189, G191, N194, N206, D233, S234, S244, and T246) through both carbonyl backbone and side-chain interactions. The structural model was validated through the generation of two BabA variants containing N206A and combined D233A/S244A substitutions, which result in a reduction and complete loss of binding affinity to Le b , respectively. Knowledge of the molecular basis of Le b recognition by BabA provides a platform for the development of therapeutics targeted at inhibiting H. pylori adherence to the gastric mucosa.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: In the absence of sensory stimulation or motor output, the brain exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns of intrinsically generated neural activity. Analysis of ongoing brain dynamics has identified the prevailing modes of cortico-cortical interaction; however, little is known about how such patterns of intrinsically generated activity are correlated between cortical and subcortical brain areas. We investigate the correlation structure of ongoing cortical and superior colliculus (SC) activity across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Ongoing cortico-tectal interaction was characterized by correlated fluctuations in the amplitude of delta, spindle, low gamma, and high-frequency oscillations (〉100 Hz). Of these identified coupling modes, topographical patterns of high-frequency coupling were the most consistent with patterns of anatomical connectivity, reflecting synchronized spiking within cortico-tectal networks. Cortico-tectal coupling at high frequencies was temporally parcellated by the phase of slow cortical oscillations and was strongest for SC-cortex channel pairs that displayed overlapping visual spatial receptive fields. Despite displaying a high degree of spatial specificity, cortico-tectal coupling in lower-frequency bands did not match patterns of cortex-to-SC anatomical connectivity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that neural activity is spontaneously coupled between cortex and SC, with high- and low-frequency modes of coupling reflecting direct and indirect cortico-tectal interactions, respectively.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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