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  • Articles  (84,106)
  • Sociology  (84,106)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hebrew language usage: Determinants and effects on earnings among immigrants in Israel (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 253-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J61 ; J24 ; J31 ; Key words: Immigrants ; language ; Israel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper uses the 1983 Census of Israel to analyze Hebrew speaking skills and the effects of Hebrew fluency on the earnings of adult male immigrants. Hebrew fluency increases with a longer duration in Israel, the presence of children in the household, marrying after immigration, living in an area in which a smaller proportion speak one‘s mother tongue, a younger age at migration, a higher level of schooling and varies by country of birth. Earnings increase monotonically with the use of Hebrew. Speaking English as a second language is associated with higher earnings, even when country of origin is held constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050068
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immigration, assimilation and growth (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 273-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: F22 ; O3 ; J61 ; Key words: Immigration ; assimilation ; growth ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper analyzes the welfare effects of immigration and its subsequent effect on ethnic diversity in a model featuring human capital spillovers which depend on the degree of ethnic heterogeneity, variation rates of time preference across individuals and endogenous levels of immigration and assimilation. In the model, an increase in ethnic diversity reduces the spillovers effect for the majority. Nonetheless, immigration can be welfare improving for the majority ethnic group even if it increases the degree of diversity as long as it raises the average human capital level and/or growth rate by increasing the proportion of people with low rates of time preference. However, if an economy is too homogenous, it will not be able to attract immigrants. Finally, if the level of immigration is not too high, then immigration also raises the net benefits to assimilation which leads to a more homogenous economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050069
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Private support and social securityPrivate support and social security (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 345-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Social security ; private support ; social ties ; JEL classification: A13 ; H41 ; H55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The issue is addressed whether assistance to persons in need can be left to the ‘family’ and the ‘community’. In that case people depend on their social networks. The support a person receives through a given network of social ties is examined. However, ties are diverse and subject to change. By means of a model of the dynamics of social ties, the conditions for adequate private support are analyzed. The sustainability of private support over time is examined by incorporating the impact on social ties of lending and receiving support. It is shown that support is only an effective alternative in a limited number of situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050073
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gender and savings in rural India (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 453-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Gender ; savings ; India ; intrahousehold allocation ; JEL classification: J16 ; J71 ; O15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. In this study we use data from rural India to examine the impact of the birth of a boy relative to the birth of a girl (i.e., the “gender shock”) on the savings, consumption and income of rural Indian households. We find that the gender shock reduces savings for medium and large farm households, although there is no evidence that the shock affects savings for the landless and the small farm households. We also estimate the effect of the shock on income and consumption for the former group in order to determine the source of the drop in savings. The results indicate that the fall in savings subsequent to the gender shock arises from its effect on consumption in the year following the birth, and from its effect on income in other years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050079
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sibling rivalry and the gender gap: Evidence from child health outcomes in Ghana (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 471-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Gender gap ; health ; Ghana ; JEL classification: I12 ; J16 ; O12
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. When capital and labor markets are imperfect, choice sets narrow, and parents must choose how to ration available funds and time between their children. One consequence is that children become rivals for household resources. In economies with pro-male bias, such rivalries can yield gains to having relatively more sisters than brothers. Using a rich household survey from Ghana, we find that on average if children had all sisters (and no brothers) they would do roughly 25-40% better on measured health indicators than if they had all brothers (and no sisters). The effects are as large as typical quantity-quality trade-offs, and they do not differ significantly by gender.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050080
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are simple tests of son preference useful? An evaluation using data from Vietnam (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 495-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Vietnam ; son preference ; JEL classification: J13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Son preference is widespread although not universal. Where it occurs it may lead to higher fertility rates. Ideally son preference should be measured in the context of a hazards or parity progression model of fertility, or a logistic model of contraceptive use. Such models require large amounts of survey data, particularly to measure the covariates. Can son preference be discerned reliably using tests which rely on more limited information? The answer is yes, based on applying eight simple tests to data from the Vietnam Living Standards Survey of 1992–93 and comparing the outcomes with the benchmark results from fuller models. Some, but not all, of the simpler tests accurately measure son preference, including estimating a simple hazards or progression parity model, the unisex sibship test, and the sibling differentials test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050081
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobility where mobility is illegal: Internal migration and city growth in the Soviet Union (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 117-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Cities ; migration ; urbanization ; JEL classification: J6 ; P20 ; R23
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper examines an important anomaly in the internal migration history of the former Soviet Union (FSU). While many cities were closed in the sense of explicitly limiting growth of city population from migration, it was difficult to assess the effectiveness of these controls. We analyze a sample of 308 Soviet cities to isolate the impact of closure regulations controlling for city size. We find that while there are pervasive patterns of city growth, the rate increasing through the 1960s and declining thereafter, there are also pervasive differences between controlled and uncontrolled cities, the later growing significantly faster in almost all cases, controlling for city size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050093
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050096
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fortunes of one's birth: Relative cohort size and the youth labor market in the United States (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 215-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J21 ; J23 ; J31 ; Key words: Wages ; cohort size ; youth labor market
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Using two different measures of relative cohort size – one indicating the size and placement of an individual's own birth cohort, and the other, the ratio of young to prime age adults in the United States in that year – it has been possible to isolate strong effects of the population age structure on wages in the United States over the past thirty-three years. These effects have been strong enough that virtually all of the observed change in the experience premium, and a substantial proportion of the changes in the college wage premium, can be explained by the relative cohort size variables alone. Even changes in the amount of within-group variance in wages appear to be largely a function of changing age structure, and absolute wage levels have been strongly affected by these demographic changes, suggesting that population growth can have positive effects on the economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050098
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demographic change and social security (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 3 (1990), S. 159-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper gives an overview over some central aspects of the highly complex topic, pointing out, e.g. the need for more longitudinal research in understanding effects of structural changes in demography and economy on social security. Starting from challenges by an ageing population for health and pension schemes it is briefly discussed whether changes in labour force participation or restructuring public expenditure can soften financing problems. Concerning reforms in pension schemes first changing retirement ages is briefly discussed and then some of the shortcomings in the debate on capital funding versus pay-as-you-go fincancing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163073
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