ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 409 (6821). pp. 698-701.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Tropical South America is one of the three main centres of the global, zonal overturning circulation of the equatorial atmosphere (generally termed the 'Walker' circulation1). Although this area plays a key role in global climate cycles, little is known about South American climate history. Here we describe sediment cores and down-hole logging results of deep drilling in the Salar de Uyuni, on the Bolivian Altiplano, located in the tropical Andes. We demonstrate that during the past 50,000 years the Altiplano underwent important changes in effective moisture at both orbital (20,000-year) and millennial timescales. Long-duration wet periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum—marked in the drill core by continuous deposition of lacustrine sediments—appear to have occurred in phase with summer insolation maxima produced by the Earth's precessional cycle. Short-duration, millennial events correlate well with North Atlantic cold events, including Heinrich events 1 and 2, as well as the Younger Dryas episode. At both millennial and orbital timescales, cold sea surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic were coeval with wet conditions in tropical South America, suggesting a common forcing.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Master recyclers: features and functions of bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12 (10). pp. 686-698.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Marine phytoplankton blooms are annual spring events that sustain active and diverse bloom-associated bacterial populations. Blooms vary considerably in terms of eukaryotic species composition and environmental conditions, but a limited number of heterotrophic bacterial lineages — primarily members of the Flavobacteriia, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria — dominate these communities. In this Review, we discuss the central role that these bacteria have in transforming phytoplankton-derived organic matter and thus in biogeochemical nutrient cycling. On the basis of selected field and laboratory-based studies of flavobacteria and roseobacters, distinct metabolic strategies are emerging for these archetypal phytoplankton-associated taxa, which provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that dictate their behaviours during blooms.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Imprint of Southern Ocean eddies on winds, clouds and rainfall (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 6 (8). pp. 608-612.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: Owing to the turbulent nature of the ocean, mesoscale eddies are omnipresent. The impact of these transitory and approximately circular sea surface temperature fronts on the overlying atmosphere is not well known. Stationary fronts such as the Gulf Stream have been reported to lead to pronounced atmospheric changes1, 2. However, the impact of transient ocean eddies on the atmosphere has not been determined systematically, except on winds and to some extent clouds3, 4, 5, 6. Here, we examine the atmospheric conditions associated with over 600,000 individual eddies in the Southern Ocean, using satellite data. We show that ocean eddies locally affect near-surface wind, cloud properties and rainfall. The observed pattern of atmospheric change is consistent with a mechanism in which sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the oceanic eddies modify turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. In the case of cyclonic eddies, this modification triggers a slackening of near-surface winds, a decline in cloud fraction and water content, and a reduction in rainfall. We conclude that transient mesoscale ocean structures can significantly affect much larger atmospheric low-pressure systems that swiftly pass by at the latitudes investigated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar forcing of winter climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (11). pp. 753-757.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-27
    Description: An influence of solar irradiance variations on Earth’s surface climate has been repeatedly suggested, based on correlations between solar variability and meteorological variables1. Specifically, weaker westerly winds have been observed in winters with a less active sun, for example at the minimum phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle2, 3, 4. With some possible exceptions5, 6, it has proved difficult for climate models to consistently reproduce this signal7, 8. Spectral Irradiance Monitor satellite measurements indicate that variations in solar ultraviolet irradiance may be larger than previously thought9. Here we drive an ocean–atmosphere climate model with ultraviolet irradiance variations based on these observations. We find that the model responds to the solar minimum with patterns in surface pressure and temperature that resemble the negative phase of the North Atlantic or Arctic Oscillation, of similar magnitude to observations. In our model, the anomalies descend through the depth of the extratropical winter atmosphere. If the updated measurements of solar ultraviolet irradiance are correct, low solar activity, as observed during recent years, drives cold winters in northern Europe and the United States, and mild winters over southern Europe and Canada, with little direct change in globally averaged temperature. Given the quasiregularity of the 11-year solar cycle, our findings may help improve decadal climate predictions for highly populated extratropical regions
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Structure of a methyl-coenzyme M reductase from Black Sea mats that oxidize methane anaerobically (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 481 (7379). pp. 98-101.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulphate, an area currently generating great interest in microbiology, is accomplished by consortia of methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulphate-reducing bacteria1, 2. The enzyme activating methane in methanotrophic archaea has tentatively been identified as a homologue of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) that catalyses the methane-forming step in methanogenic archaea3, 4. Here we report an X-ray structure of the 280 kDa heterohexameric ANME-1 MCR complex. It was crystallized uniquely from a protein ensemble purified from consortia of microorganisms collected with a submersible from a Black Sea mat catalysing AOM with sulphate4. Crystals grown from the heterogeneous sample diffract to 2.1 Å resolution and consist of a single ANME-1 MCR population, demonstrating the strong selective power of crystallization. The structure revealed ANME-1 MCR in complex with coenzyme M and coenzyme B, indicating the same substrates for MCR from methanotrophic and methanogenic archaea. Differences between the highly similar structures of ANME-1 MCR and methanogenic MCR include a F430 modification, a cysteine-rich patch and an altered post-translational amino acid modification pattern, which may tune the enzymes for their functions in different biological contexts.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 417 (6884). pp. 63-67.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-07
    Description: According to small subunit ribosomal RNA (ss rRNA) sequence comparisons all known Archaea belong to the phyla Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and—indicated only by environmental DNA sequences—to the 'Korarchaeota'1, 2. Here we report the cultivation of a new nanosized hyperthermophilic archaeon from a submarine hot vent. This archaeon cannot be attached to one of these groups and therefore must represent an unknown phylum which we name 'Nanoarchaeota' and species, which we name 'Nanoarchaeum equitans'. Cells of 'N. equitans' are spherical, and only about 400 nm in diameter. They grow attached to the surface of a specific archaeal host, a new member of the genus Ignicoccus3. The distribution of the 'Nanoarchaeota' is so far unknown. Owing to their unusual ss rRNA sequence, members remained undetectable by commonly used ecological studies based on the polymerase chain reaction4. 'N. equitans' harbours the smallest archaeal genome; it is only 0.5 megabases in size. This organism will provide insight into the evolution of thermophily, of tiny genomes and of interspecies communication.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Natural habitat of coelacanths (1990)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 346 (6282). pp. 323-324.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hydrothermal contribution to the oceanic dissolved iron inventory (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 3 (4). pp. 252-256.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-28
    Description: Iron limits phytoplankton growth and hence the biological carbon pump in the Southern Ocean1. Models assessing the impacts of iron on the global carbon cycle generally rely on dust input and sediment resuspension as the predominant sources2, 3. Although it was previously thought that most iron from deep-ocean hydrothermal activity was inaccessible to phytoplankton because of the formation of particulates4, it has been suggested that iron from hydrothermal activity5, 6, 7 may be an important source of oceanic dissolved iron8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Here we use a global ocean model to assess the impacts of an annual dissolved iron flux of approximately 9×108 mol, as estimated from regional observations of hydrothermal activity11, 12, on the dissolved iron inventory of the world’s oceans. We find the response to the input of hydrothermal dissolved iron is greatest in the Southern Hemisphere oceans. In particular, observations of the distribution of dissolved iron in the Southern Ocean3 (Chever et al., manuscript in preparation; Bowie et al., manuscript in preparation) can be replicated in our simulations only when our estimated iron flux from hydrothermal sources is included. As the hydrothermal flux of iron is relatively constant over millennial timescales14, we propose that hydrothermal activity can buffer the oceanic dissolved iron inventory against shorter-term fluctuations in dust deposition.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Emerging patterns of marine nitrogen fixation (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9 (7). pp. 499-508.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Biological N2 fixation is an important part of the marine nitrogen cycle as it provides a source of new nitrogen that can support biological carbon export and sequestration. Research in the past decade has focused on determining the patterns of distribution and abundance of diazotrophs, defining the environmental features leading to these patterns and characterizing the factors that constrain marine N2 fixation overall. In this Review, we describe how variations in the deposition of iron from dust to different ocean basins affects the limiting nutrient for N2 fixation and the distribution of different diazotrophic species. However, many questions remain about marine N2 fixation, including the role of temperature, fixed nitrogen species, CO2 and physical forcing in controlling N2 fixation, as well as the potential for heterotrophic N2 fixation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A daily global mesoscale ocean eddy dataset from satellite altimetry (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Data, 2 (Art. Nr. 150028).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: Mesoscale ocean eddies are ubiquitous coherent rotating structures of water with radial scales on the order of 100 kilometers. Eddies play a key role in the transport and mixing of momentum and tracers across the World Ocean. We present a global daily mesoscale ocean eddy dataset that contains ~45 million mesoscale features and 3.3 million eddy trajectories that persist at least two days as identified in the AVISO dataset over a period of 1993–2014. This dataset, along with the open-source eddy identification software, extract eddies with any parameters (minimum size, lifetime, etc.), to study global eddy properties and dynamics, and to empirically estimate the impact eddies have on mass or heat transport. Furthermore, our open-source software may be used to identify mesoscale features in model simulations and compare them to observed features. Finally, this dataset can be used to study the interaction between mesoscale ocean eddies and other components of the Earth System.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Significant contribution of the 18.6 year tidal cycle to regional coastal changes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (3). pp. 169-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-13
    Description: Although rising global sea levels will affect the shape of coastlines over the coming decades1, 2, the most severe and catastrophic shoreline changes occur as a consequence of local and regional-scale processes. Changes in sediment supply3 and deltaic subsidence4, 5, both natural or anthropogenic, and the occurrences of tropical cyclones4, 5 and tsunamis6 have been shown to be the leading controls on coastal erosion. Here, we use satellite images of South American mangrove-colonized mud banks collected over the past twenty years to reconstruct changes in the extent of the shoreline between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The observed timing of the redistribution of sediment and migration of the mud banks along the 1,500 km muddy coast suggests the dominant control of ocean forcing by the 18.6 year nodal tidal cycle7. Other factors affecting sea level such as global warming or El Niño and La Niña events show only secondary influences on the recorded changes. In the coming decade, the 18.6 year cycle will result in an increase of mean high water levels of 6 cm along the coast of French Guiana, which will lead to a 90 m shoreline retreat.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The blind octopus, Cirrothauma (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 547-549.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-20
    Description: THE rare deep-sea octopod Cirrothauma murrayi Chun 1910 was first described from a single specimen caught during the Michael Sars Expedition of 1910 (ref. 1). Until now it has been caught only four more times2. We describe here three specimens of this species that were recently caught during biological cruises of RRS Discovery (Fig. 1). All of these animals, including the Discovery ones, have been caught at depths of more than 1,500 m, except one that was dip-netted through the ice of the Arctic Ocean3.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Metagenomic discovery of polybrominated diphenyl ether biosynthesis by marine sponges (2017)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Chemical Biology, 13 (5). pp. 537-543.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: Naturally produced polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pervade the marine environment and structurally resemble toxic man-made brominated flame retardants. PBDEs bioaccumulate in marine animals and are likely transferred to the human food chain. However, the biogenic basis for PBDE production in one of their most prolific sources, marine sponges of the order Dysideidae, remains unidentified. Here, we report the discovery of PBDE biosynthetic gene clusters within sponge-microbiome-associated cyanobacterial endosymbionts through the use of an unbiased metagenome-mining approach. Using expression of PBDE biosynthetic genes in heterologous cyanobacterial hosts, we correlate the structural diversity of naturally produced PBDEs to modifications within PBDE biosynthetic gene clusters in multiple sponge holobionts. Our results establish the genetic and molecular foundation for the production of PBDEs in one of the most abundant natural sources of these molecules, further setting the stage for a metagenomic-based inventory of other PBDE sources in the marine environment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Respiratory and swimming movements in the cephalopod Cranchia scabra (1962)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 196 (4852). pp. 351-352.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-09
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (6). pp. 398-403.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-11
    Description: The Pacific sector of Antarctica, including both the Antarctic Peninsula and continental West Antarctica, has experienced substantial warming in the past 30 years. An increase in the circumpolar westerlies, owing in part to the decline in stratospheric ozone concentrations since the late 1970s, may account for warming trends in the peninsula region in austral summer and autumn. The more widespread warming in continental West Antarctica (Ellsworth Land and Marie Byrd Land) occurs primarily in austral winter and spring, and remains unexplained. Here we use observations of Antarctic surface temperature and global sea surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation data to show that recent warming in continental West Antarctica is linked to sea surface temperature changes in the tropical Pacific. Over the past 30 years, anomalous sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific have generated an atmospheric Rossby wave response that influences atmospheric circulation over the Amundsen Sea, causing increased advection of warm air to the Antarctic continent. General circulation model experiments show that the central tropical Pacific is a critical region for producing the observed high latitude response. We conclude that, by affecting the atmospheric circulation at high southern latitudes, increasing tropical sea surface temperatures may account for West Antarctic warming through most of the twentieth century.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The planktonic life of octopuses (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 377 (6545). p. 107.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-04
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Prolonged mantle residence of zircon xenocrysts from the western Eger rift (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (12). pp. 886-890.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-04
    Description: Zircon is a common mineral in continental crustal rocks. As it is not easily altered in processes such as erosion or transport, this mineral is often used in the reconstruction of geological processes such as the formation and evolution of the continents. Zircon can also survive under conditions of the Earth’s mantle, and rare cases of zircons crystallizing in the mantle significantly before their entrainment into magma and eruption to the surface have been reported1,2,3. Here we analyse the isotopic and trace element compositions of large zircons of gem quality from the Eger rift, Bohemian massif, and find that they are derived from the mantle. (U–Th)/He analyses suggest that the zircons as well as their host basalts erupted between 29 and 24 million years ago, but fragments from the same xenocrysts reveal U–Pb ages between 51 and 83 million years. We note a lack of older volcanism and of fragments from the lower crust, which suggests that crustal residence time before eruption is negligible and that most rock fragments found in similar basalts from adjacent volcanic fields equilibrated under mantle conditions. We conclude that a specific chemical environment in this part of the Earth’s upper mantle allowed the zircons to remain intact for about 20–60 million years.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Biosynthesis of magnetic nanostructures in a foreign organism by transfer of bacterial magnetosome gene clusters (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Nanotechnology, 9 (3). pp. 193-197.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-24
    Description: The synthetic production of monodisperse single magnetic domain nanoparticles at ambient temperature is challenging. In nature, magnetosomes--membrane-bound magnetic nanocrystals with unprecedented magnetic properties--can be biomineralized by magnetotactic bacteria. However, these microbes are difficult to handle. Expression of the underlying biosynthetic pathway from these fastidious microorganisms within other organisms could therefore greatly expand their nanotechnological and biomedical applications. So far, this has been hindered by the structural and genetic complexity of the magnetosome organelle and insufficient knowledge of the biosynthetic functions involved. Here, we show that the ability to biomineralize highly ordered magnetic nanostructures can be transferred to a foreign recipient. Expression of a minimal set of genes from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense resulted in magnetosome biosynthesis within the photosynthetic model organism Rhodospirillum rubrum. Our findings will enable the sustainable production of tailored magnetic nanostructures in biotechnologically relevant hosts and represent a step towards the endogenous magnetization of various organisms by synthetic biology.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanics from the Sierra Leone Rise (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 536-538.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-22
    Description: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Master recyclers: features and functions of bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12 (10). pp. 686-698.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Marine phytoplankton blooms are annual spring events that sustain active and diverse bloom-associated bacterial populations. Blooms vary considerably in terms of eukaryotic species composition and environmental conditions, but a limited number of heterotrophic bacterial lineages — primarily members of the Flavobacteriia, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria — dominate these communities. In this Review, we discuss the central role that these bacteria have in transforming phytoplankton-derived organic matter and thus in biogeochemical nutrient cycling. On the basis of selected field and laboratory-based studies of flavobacteria and roseobacters, distinct metabolic strategies are emerging for these archetypal phytoplankton-associated taxa, which provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that dictate their behaviours during blooms.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Precise single-grain 40Ar/39 Ar dating of a cold to warm climate transition in Central Europe (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 342 (6249). pp. 523-525.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: RECENT advances in 40Ar/39Ar dating1,2 have made it possible to date individual K-feldspar grains from Pleistocene tephra, a capability that greatly improves the reliability and temporal resolving power of the method. Here we apply these new techniques to the dating of a phonolite tephra from the East Eifel volcanic field in West Germany, which is sandwiched between loess and palaeosol (alfisol) deposits, and which was therefore erupted during the transition from a glacial to an interglacial period. Our age estimate for this transition is 215±4 kyr (1 σ), which has important implications for the marine δ18O timescale and for models of global climate change during the Pleistocene. The results show that single-grain dating can detect and compensate for the large quantities of xenocrystic contaminants which are found in many tephra deposits. This technique could be used to date the tephra layers found in marine sediment cores and the results could greatly enhance the reliability of the marine δ18O timescale for more rigorous Fourier analysis testing of the Milankovitch hypothesis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Life cycles, fitness decoupling and the evolution of multicellularity (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 515 (7525). pp. 75-79.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Octopod 'ballooning' response (1992)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 356 (6366). p. 199.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-14
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    How do plants achieve immunity? Defence without specialized immune cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Immunology, 12 (2). pp. 89-100.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Vertebrates have evolved a sophisticated adaptive immune system that relies on an almost infinite diversity of antigen receptors that are clonally expressed by specialized immune cells that roam the circulatory system. These immune cells provide vertebrates with extraordinary antigen-specific immune capacity and memory, while minimizing self-reactivity. Plants, however, lack specialized mobile immune cells. Instead, every plant cell is thought to be capable of launching an effective immune response. So how do plants achieve specific, self-tolerant immunity and establish immune memory? Recent developments point towards a multilayered plant innate immune system comprised of self-surveillance, systemic signalling and chromosomal changes that together establish effective immunity.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Genome-wide survey of recurrent HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Genetics, 44 (7). pp. 765-769.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-18
    Description: To survey hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration in liver cancer genomes, we conducted massively parallel sequencing of 81 HBV-positive and 7 HBV-negative hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and adjacent normal tissues. We found that HBV integration is observed more frequently in the tumors (86.4%) than in adjacent liver tissues (30.7%). Copy-number variations (CNVs) were significantly increased at HBV breakpoint locations where chromosomal instability was likely induced. Approximately 40% of HBV breakpoints within the HBV genome were located within a 1,800-bp region where the viral enhancer, X gene and core gene are located. We also identified recurrent HBV integration events (in ≥4 HCCs) that were validated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Sanger sequencing at the known and putative cancer-related TERT, MLL4 and CCNE1 genes, which showed upregulated gene expression in tumor versus normal tissue. We also report evidence that suggests that the number of HBV integrations is associated with patient survival.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Activity levels of Nautilus in the wild (1993)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 362 (6421). pp. 626-628.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-07
    Description: WHILE ammonites and all other ectocochleate cephalopods became extinct, nautiloids survived relatively unchanged from the Ordovician, suggesting that they are unusually well adapted to their niche. Here we obtain high-resolution tracks of Nautilus positions and depths, combined with telemetered jet pressures, which clarify both its lifestyle and economics. Nautilus is more active in nature than in captivity1, but its energy costs are lower than projected2,3. Viewing Nautilus as 'vertic', rather than benthic, resolves this contradiction. Records show that the cost of transport is the same in any direction within a vertical plane. Living on a reef face swept by a lateral current means that vertical movements4,5 sample large areas for chemical trails. A detected trail can be followed upcurrent in the slow-moving boundary layer, but no effort is wasted on horizontal movement without good prospects for food; long-range movements are downcurrent and made by drifting. Once fed, a Nautilus can reduce its energy costs by moving to deeper, cooler waters, where a single meal can last for months.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Close encounter in the deep (1994)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6498). p. 563.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Increased capture of magma in the crust promoted by ice-cap retreat in Iceland (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (11). pp. 783-786.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-16
    Description: Climate warming at the end of the last glaciation caused ice caps on Icelandic volcanoes to retreat. Removal of surface ice load is thought to have decreased pressures in the underlying mantle, triggering decompression melting, enhanced magma generation and increased volcanic activity1–3. Present-day climate change could have the same effect, although there may be a time lag of hundreds of years between magma generation and eruption4,5. However, in addition to increased magma generation, pressure changes associated with ice retreat should also alter the capacity for storing magma within the crust. Here we use a numerical model to evaluate the effect of the current decrease in ice load on magma storage in the crust at the Kverkfjöll volcanic system, located partially beneath Iceland’s largest ice cap. We compare the model results with radar and global positioning system measurements of surface displacement and changes in crustal stress between 2007 and 2008, during the intrusion of a deep dyke at Upptyppingar. We find that although the main component of stress recorded during dyke intrusion relates to plate extension, another component of stress is consistent with the stress field caused by the retreating ice cap. We conclude that the retreating ice cap led to enhanced capture of magma within the crust. We suggest that ice-cap retreat can promote magma storage, rather than eruption, at least in the short term.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magnitude of oceanic nitrogen fixation influenced by the nutrient uptake ratio of phytoplankton (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 3 (6). pp. 412-416.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-21
    Description: The elemental stoichiometry of sea water and particulate organic matter is remarkably similar. This observation led Redfield to hypothesize that the oceanic ratio of nitrate to phosphate is controlled by the remineralization of phytoplankton biomass1. The Redfield ratio is used universally to quantitatively link the marine nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in numerous biogeochemical applications2,3,4. Yet, empirical and theoretical studies show that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in phytoplankton varies greatly with taxa5,6 and growth conditions7,8,9. Here we present a dynamic five-box ecosystem model showing that non-Redfield utilization of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus by non-nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton controls the magnitude and distribution of nitrogen fixation. In our simulations, systems dominated by rapidly growing phytoplankton with low nitrogen to phosphorus uptake ratios reduce the phosphorus available for nitrogen fixation. In contrast, in systems dominated by slow-growing phytoplankton with high nitrogen to phosphorus uptake ratios nitrogen deficits are enhanced, and nitrogen fixation is promoted. We show that estimates of nitrogen fixation are up to fourfold too high when non-Redfield uptake stoichiometries are ignored. We suggest that the relative abundance of fast- and slow-growing phytoplankton controls the amount of new nitrogen added to the ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Discovery of microbial natural products by activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13 (8). pp. 509-523.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Microorganisms produce a wealth of structurally diverse specialized metabolites with a remarkable range of biological activities and a wide variety of applications in medicine and agriculture, such as the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer, and the prevention of crop damage. Genomics has revealed that many microorganisms have far greater potential to produce specialized metabolites than was thought from classic bioactivity screens; however, realizing this potential has been hampered by the fact that many specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are not expressed in laboratory cultures. In this Review, we discuss the strategies that have been developed in bacteria and fungi to identify and induce the expression of such silent BGCs, and we briefly summarize methods for the isolation and structural characterization of their metabolic products.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Termination of global warmth at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary through productivity feedback (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 407 (6801). pp. 171-174.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: The onset of the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (about 55 Myr ago) was marked by global surface temperatures warming by 5–7 °C over approximately 30,000 yr (ref. 1), probably because of enhanced mantle outgassing2, 3 and the pulsed release of approx1,500 gigatonnes of methane carbon from decomposing gas-hydrate reservoirs4, 5, 6, 7. The aftermath of this rapid, intense and global warming event may be the best example in the geological record of the response of the Earth to high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and high temperatures. This response has been suggested to include an intensified flux of organic carbon from the ocean surface to the deep ocean and its subsequent burial through biogeochemical feedback mechanisms8. Here we present firm evidence for this view from two ocean drilling cores, which record the largest accumulation rates of biogenic barium—indicative of export palaeoproductivity—at times of maximum global temperatures and peak excursion values of delta13C. The unusually rapid return of delta13C to values similar to those before the methane release7 and the apparent coupling of the accumulation rates of biogenic barium to temperature, suggests that the enhanced deposition of organic matter to the deep sea may have efficiently cooled this greenhouse climate by the rapid removal of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Littoral lichens as a novel source of potentially bioactive Actinobacteria (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 5 (1).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-21
    Description: Cultivable Actinobacteria are the largest source of microbially derived bioactive molecules. The high demand for novel antibiotics highlights the need for exploring novel sources of these bacteria. Microbial symbioses with sessile macro-organisms, known to contain bioactive compounds likely of bacterial origin, represent an interesting and underexplored source of Actinobacteria. We studied the diversity and potential for bioactive-metabolite production of Actinobacteria associated with two marine lichens ( Lichina confinis and L. pygmaea ; from intertidal and subtidal zones) and one littoral lichen ( Roccella fuciformis ; from supratidal zone) from the Brittany coast (France), as well as the terrestrial lichen Collema auriforme (from a riparian zone, Austria). A total of 247 bacterial strains were isolated using two selective media. Isolates were identified and clustered into 101 OTUs (98% identity) including 51 actinobacterial OTUs. The actinobacterial families observed were: Brevibacteriaceae, Cellulomonadaceae, Gordoniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Promicromonosporaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Sanguibacteraceae and Streptomycetaceae. Interestingly, the diversity was most influenced by the selective media rather than lichen species or the level of lichen thallus association. The potential for bioactive-metabolite biosynthesis of the isolates was confirmed by screening genes coding for polyketide synthases types I and II. These results show that littoral lichens are a source of diverse potentially bioactive Actinobacteria.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Relatedness among east African coelacanths (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 435 (7044). p. 901.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-11
    Description: Scattered groups of these ancient fish may all stem from a single remote population. Coelacanths were discovered in the Comoros archipelago to the northwest of Madagascar in 1952. Since then, these rare, ancient fish have been found to the south off Mozambique, Madagascar and South Africa, and to the north off Kenya and Tanzania — but it was unclear whether these are separate populations or even subspecies. Here we show that the genetic variation between individuals from these different locations is unexpectedly low. Combined with earlier results from submersible and oceanographic observations1, 2, our findings indicate that a separate African metapopulation is unlikely to have existed and that locations distant from the Comoros were probably inhabited relatively recently by either dead-end drifters or founders that originated in the Comoros.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Conservation: Biogeography of the Indonesian coelacanths (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 403 (6765). p. 38.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-06
    Description: Living coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) are normally found only in the western Indian Ocean, where they inhabit submarine caves in the Comores Islands. Two specimens have since been caught off the island of Manado Tua, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, some 10,000 kilometres away. We sought to determine the ecological and geographic distribution of Indonesian coelacanth populations with a view to drawing up conservation measures for this extremely rare fish. During our explorations, we discovered two living Indonesian coelacanths 360 km southwest of Manado Tua.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Yet more danger for coelacanths (1995)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 374 (6520). p. 314.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-06
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Close tetrapod relationships of the coelacanth Latimeria indicated by haemoglobin sequences (1991)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 351 (6325). pp. 394-397.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Which home for coelacanth? (1993)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 363 (6428). p. 405.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Coelacanth tissue bank (1992)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 357 (6374). p. 105.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Accurate and universal delineation of prokaryotic species (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Methods, 10 (9). pp. 881-884.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-24
    Description: The exponentially increasing number of sequenced genomes necessitates fast, accurate, universally applicable and automated approaches for the delineation of prokaryotic species. We developed specI (species identification tool; http://www.bork.embl.de/software/specI/), a method to group organisms into species clusters based on 40 universal, single-copy phylogenetic marker genes. Applied to 3,496 prokaryotic genomes, specI identified 1,753 species clusters. Of 314 discrepancies with a widely used taxonomic classification, 〉62% were resolved by literature support.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during surface-temperature hiatus periods (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 1 (7). pp. 360-364.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-05
    Description: There have been decades, such as 2000–2009, when the observed globally averaged surface-temperature time series shows little increase or even a slightly negative trend1 (a hiatus period). However, the observed energy imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere for this recent decade indicates that a net energy flux into the climate system of about 1 W m−2 (refs 2, 3) should be producing warming somewhere in the system4,5. Here we analyse twenty-first-century climate-model simulations that maintain a consistent radiative imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere of about 1 W m−2 as observed for the past decade. Eight decades with a slightly negative global mean surface-temperature trend show that the ocean above 300 m takes up significantly less heat whereas the ocean below 300 m takes up significantly more, compared with non-hiatus decades. The model provides a plausible depiction of processes in the climate system causing the hiatus periods, and indicates that a hiatus period is a relatively common climate phenomenon and may be linked to La Niña-like conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Oceanography: Power of pull (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 447 . p. 383.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: As the complex interplay of forces in the ocean responds to climate change, the dynamics of global ocean circulation are shifting.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Diet, gut microbiota and immune responses (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Immunology, 12 (1). pp. 5-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: The fields of immunology, microbiology, nutrition and metabolism are rapidly converging. Here we expand on a diet-microbiota model as the basis for the greater incidence of asthma and autoimmunity in developed countries.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solutions for quantifying P-value uncertainty and replication power (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Methods, 13 (2). pp. 107-108.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-24
    Description: To the Editor: We congratulate Halsey et al. for their important discussion of the random nature of P values in an earlier issue of this journal1. P values from identical experiments can differ greatly in a way that is surprising to many2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The failure to appreciate this…
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Commensal bacteria at the interface of host metabolism and the immune system (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Immunology, 14 (7). pp. 676-684.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: The mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the site of digestion and nutrient absorption, harbors trillions of beneficial commensal microbes from all three domains of life. Commensal bacteria, in particular, are key participants in the digestion of food, and are responsible for the extraction and synthesis of nutrients and other metabolites that are essential for the maintenance of mammalian health. Many of these nutrients and metabolites derived from commensal bacteria have been implicated in the development, homeostasis and function of the immune system, suggesting that commensal bacteria may influence host immunity via nutrient- and metabolite-dependent mechanisms. Here we review the current knowledge of how commensal bacteria regulate the production and bioavailability of immunomodulatory, diet-dependent nutrients and metabolites and discuss how these commensal bacteria–derived products may regulate the development and function of the mammalian immune system.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A cross-platform toolkit for mass spectrometry and proteomics (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Biotechnology, 30 (10). pp. 918-920.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: To the Editor: Mass spectrometry–based proteomics has become an important component of biological research. Numerous proteomics methods have been developed to identify and quantify the proteins in biological and clinical samples1, identify pathways affected by endogenous and exogenous perturbations2 and characterize protein complexes3. Despite successes, the interpretation of vast proteomics data…
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Significance of Upper Jurassic Sediments in the Knysana Outlier (Cape Province) for Timing of the Breakout of Gondwanaland (1971)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 232 (28). pp. 37-38.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Marine Upper Jurassic sediments have recently been reported from South Africa (Knysna Outlier, Cape Province) for the first time1. They occur as shallow water, sandy clays (Brenton Beds) in association with terrestrial/fluviatile conglomerates and sandstones, which were deposited in an approximately east-west elongate intermontane basin between the Cape Fold mountains (formed of Lower Palaeozoic sediments). Post-Cretaceous erosion has reduced the original deposits to a series of small, isolated outliers, only two of which have been reported to contain marine sediments (Knysna, lower Upper Jurassic; Algoa, Valanginian2) (Fig. 1). Extensive Neocomian-Maas-trichtian outcrops are known from the continental shelf off to the south of South Africa3, and a complete mid-Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous marine succession is suspected on the Agulhas Bank infilling and overlying east-west striking, fault bounded folds of Lower Palaeozoic Cape Supergroup rocks as shown in Fig. 1 (R. V. D., in preparation and refs. 1 and 4).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Continental margin fault pattern mapped south-west of Ireland (1977)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 268 (5622). pp. 720-722.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: A SIMPLE model for continental basement structures at rifted continental margins comprises large fault blocks which trend approximately parallel to, and step down towards, the continental–ocean boundary (for example, see ref. 1). These blocks may be cut by faults which strike across the margin, and, in many theoretical discussions, are shown as being separated from the true oceanic crust by an intermediate zone (see transitional crust of Fig. 3, ref. 2). On many rifted margins these features are deeply buried by young sediments and cannot be stutied in detail. On Goban Spur (Fig. 1), a marginal plateau south-west of Ireland, the young sediment cover is abnormally thin, however, and we have been able to map in detail a 150 km wide continental basement fracture pattern of horsts and grabens using a simple seismic reflection system (160 inch3 air-gun and two-channel hydrophone array). We also suggest a location for the continent–ocean boundary between the Spur and Porcupine Abyssal Plain. There are few previously published data from Goban Spur relevant to our study, although valuable sampling3 and geophysical3–5 results have been obtained north and south of the area.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Efficient genome editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-Cas system (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Biotechnology, 31 (3). pp. 227-229.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: In bacteria, foreign nucleic acids are silenced by clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)--CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems. Bacterial type II CRISPR systems have been adapted to create guide RNAs that direct site-specific DNA cleavage by the Cas9 endonuclease in cultured cells. Here we show that the CRISPR-Cas system functions in vivo to induce targeted genetic modifications in zebrafish embryos with efficiencies similar to those obtained using zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Satellite measurements of sea surface cooling during hurricane Gloria (1987)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 326 (6111). pp. 373-375.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Hurricanes and other strong storms can cause important decreases in sea surface temperature by means of vertical mixing within the upper ocean, and by air–sea heat exchange. Here we use satellite-derived infrared images of the western North Atlantic to study sea surface cooling caused by hurricane Gloria (1985). Significant regional variations in sea surface cooling are well correlated with hydrographic conditions. The greatest cooling (up to 5°C) occurred in slope waters north of the Gulf Stream where the seasonal thermocline is shallowest and most compressed; moderate cooling (up to 3 °C) occurred in the open Sargasso Sea where the thermocline is deeper and more diffused; little or no cooling occurred in shallow coastal waters (bottom depth less than 20 m) which were isothermal before the passage of hurricane Gloria. There is a pronounced right-side asymmetry of sea surface cooling with stronger (by a factor of 4) and more extensive (by a factor of 3) cooling found on the right side of the hurricane track. These qualitative results are consistent with the notion that vertical mixing within the upper ocean is the dominant sea surface cooling mechanism of hurricanes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The effects of surfactants on spilling breaking waves (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 421 (6922). pp. 520-523.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: Breaking waves markedly increase the rates of air–sea transfer of momentum, energy and mass. In light to moderate wind conditions, spilling breakers with short wavelengths are observed frequently. Theory and laboratory experiments have shown that, as these waves approach breaking in clean water, a ripple pattern that is dominated by surface tension forms at the crest. Under laboratory conditions and in theory, the transition to turbulent flow is triggered by flow separation under the ripples, typically without leading to overturning of the free surface15. Water surfaces in nature, however, are typically contaminated by surfactant films that alter the surface tension and produce surface elasticity and viscosity16, 17. Here we present the results of laboratory experiments in which spilling breaking waves were generated mechanically in water with a range of surfactant concentrations. We find significant changes in the breaking process owing to surfactants. At the highest concentration of surfactants, a small plunging jet issues from the front face of the wave at a point below the wave crest and entraps a pocket of air on impact with the front face of the wave. The bubbles and turbulence created during this process are likely to increase air–sea transfer.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Relative departures in July temperatures in northern Canada for the past 6,000 yr (1981)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 289 (5794). pp. 164-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: There has been concern about recent temperature trends and the future effects of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere1,2; but instrumental records only cover a few decades to a few centuries and it is essential that proxy data sources, such as pollen spectra from peats and lake sediments, be carefully interpreted as climate records. Several workers have shown statistically significant associations between the modern pollen rain and climatic parameters, an approach that by-passes the recognition of pollen/vegetation units. Statistically defined equations that associate abiotic and biotic elements are called transfer functions. We report here on the application of transfer function equations to nine middle and late Holocene peat and lake sediment sequences from northern Canada (Fig. 1).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hydrothermal vents as a kinetically stable source of iron-sulphide-bearing nanoparticles to the ocean (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (6). pp. 367-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-27
    Description: Hydrothermal vents emit sulphur and metals to the ocean1. Particular attention has been paid to hydrothermal fluxes of iron2–4, a limiting micronutrient of marine primary production5. Vent-derived ironwas previously thought to rapidly oxidize and precipitate around vents6. However, organic matter can bind to and stabilize dissolved and particulate iron in hydrothermal plumes7–9, facilitating its dispersion into the open ocean10. Here, we report measurements of the chemical speciation of sulphide and iron in high-temperature fluids emanating from vents in the East Pacific Rise and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center. We show that pyrite nanoparticles—composed of iron and sulphur—account for up to 10% of the filterable iron (less than 200nm in size) in these fluids. We suggest that these particles form before the discharge of the vent fluid. We estimate that pyrite nanoparticles sink more slowly than larger plume particles, and are more resistant to oxidation than dissolved Fe(II) and FeS.We suggest that the discharge of iron in the form of pyrite nanoparticles increases the probability that vent-derived iron will be transported over long distances in the deep ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Biogeochemical conditions determine virulence of black band disease in corals (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 6 (8). pp. 1526-1534.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: The microenvironmental dynamics of the microbial mat of black band disease (BBD) and its less virulent precursor, cyanobacterial patch (CP), were extensively profiled using microsensors under different light intensities with respect to O(2), pH and H(2)S. BBD mats exhibited vertical stratification into an upper phototrophic and lower anoxic and sulphidic zone. At the progression front of BBD lesions, high sulphide levels up to 4977 μM were measured in darkness along with lower than ambient levels of pH (7.43±0.20). At the base of the coral-BBD microbial mat, conditions were hypoxic or anoxic depending on light intensity exposure. In contrast, CP mats did not exhibit strong microchemical stratification with mostly supersaturated oxygen conditions throughout the mats at all light intensities and with levels of pH generally higher than in BBD. Two of three replicate CP mats were devoid of sulphide, while the third replicate showed only low levels of sulphide (up to 42 μM) present in darkness and at intermediate light levels. The level of oxygenation and sulphide correlated well with lesion migration rates, that is virulence of the mats, which were greater in BBD than in CP. The results suggest that biogeochemical microgradients of BBD shaped by the complex microbial community, rather than a defined pathogen, are the major trigger for high virulence and the associated derived coral mortality of this disease.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: image
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Palaeoceanography: Biomarkers for ancient climates (1986)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 320 (6058). pp. 107-108.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans-surface productivity and oxygen utilization (1980)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 288 (5788). pp. 260-263.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Organic detritus passing from the sea surface through the water column to the sea floor controls nutrient regeneration, fuels benthic life and affects burial of organic carbon in the sediment record. Particle trap systems have enabled the first quantification of this important process. The results suggest that the dominant mechanism of vertical transport is by rapid settling of rare large particles, most likely of faecal pellets or marine snow of the order of 〉200 μm in diameter, whereas the more frequent small particles have an insignificant role in vertical mass flux4–6. The ultimate source of organic detritus is biological production in surface waters of the oceans. I determine here an empirical relationship that predicts organic carbon flux at any depth in the oceans below the base of the euphotic zone as a function of the mean net primary production rate at the surface and depth-dependent consumption. Such a relationship aids in estimating rates of decay of organic matter in the water column, benthic and water column respiration of oxygen in the deep sea and burial of organic carbon in the sediment record.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Water column methanotrophy controlled by a rapid oceanographic switch (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 8 (5). pp. 378-382.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Large amounts of the greenhouse gas methane are released from the seabed to the water column1, where it may be consumed by aerobic methanotrophic bacteria2. The size and activity of methanotrophic communities, which determine the amount of methane consumed in the water column, are thought to be mainly controlled by nutrient and redox dynamics3–7. Here, we report repeated measurements of methanotrophic activity and community size at methane seeps west of Svalbard, and relate them to physical water mass properties and modelled ocean currents. We show that cold bottom water, which contained a large number of aerobic methanotrophs, was displaced by warmer water with a considerably smaller methanotrophic community within days. Ocean current simulations using a global ocean/sea-ice model suggest that this water mass exchange is consistent with short-term variations in the meandering West Spitsbergen Current. We conclude that the shift from an offshore to a nearshore position of the current can rapidly and severely reduce methanotrophic activity in the water column. Strong fluctuating currents are common at many methane seep systems globally, and we suggest that they affect methane oxidation in the water column at other sites, too.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Biosynthetic capacities of actinomycetes. 46. Genoketides A1 and A2, new octaketides and biosynthetic intermediates of chrysophanol produced by Streptomyces sp. AK 671 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 61 . pp. 464-473.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: The new aromatic polyketides genoketide A1, genoketide A2 and prechrysophanol glucuronide are biosynthetic intermediates of the octaketide chrysophanol. They were isolated from the alkaliphilic strain Streptomyces sp. AK 671 together with the new metabolite chrysophanol glucuronide. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR methods. Genoketide A2 exhibited a slight and prechrysophanol glucuronide a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of L5178y lymphoma cells.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 489-492.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Predicting the evolution of climate over decadal timescales requires a quantitative understanding of the dynamics that govern the meridional overturning circulation (MOC)1. Comprehensive ocean measurement programmes aiming to monitor MOC variations have been established in the subtropical North Atlantic2, 3 (RAPID, at latitude 26.5° N, and MOVE, at latitude 16° N) and show strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Observational evidence of longer-term changes in MOC transport remains scarce, owing to infrequent sampling of transoceanic sections over past decades4, 5. Inferences based on long-term sea surface temperature records, however, supported by model simulations, suggest a variability with an amplitude of plusminus1.5–3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) on decadal timescales in the subtropics6. Such variability has been attributed to variations of deep water formation in the sub-arctic Atlantic, particularly the renewal rate of Labrador Sea Water7. Here we present results from a model simulation that suggest an additional influence on decadal MOC variability having a Southern Hemisphere origin: dynamic signals originating in the Agulhas leakage region at the southern tip of Africa. These contribute a MOC signal in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic that is of the same order of magnitude as the northern source. A complete rationalization of observed MOC changes therefore also requires consideration of signals arriving from the south.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Acoustic observations of heat content across the Mediterranean Sea (1997)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 385 . pp. 615-617.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The ability to monitor the heat content of oceans over long distances is becoming increasingly important for understanding the role of oceans in climate change, for determining the variability of the state of the oceans, for operational ocean observing systems, and for studying large-scale ocean processes such as water-mass formation. Although the properties of the upper layers of the ocean can be routinely measured on large scales by satellite remote sensing (providing altimetric and infrared data) and with expendable probes dropped from commercial vessels, the deep interior of the ocean is more difficult to monitor. Ocean acoustic tomography1 is a promising technique for such applications, as it has the potential to provide systematic, instantaneous and repeated measurements of the ocean interior over large parts of an ocean basin. Here we demonstrate the capability of this technique for measuring the heat content across an entire (albeit small) ocean basin—the western Mediterranean Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mesozoic climate - Liverworts and all (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (1). pp. 14-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: The relationship between carbon dioxide and climate over millions of years has been a source of controversy. Fossilized liverwort leaves can help illuminate both temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 200 to 60 million years ago.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 439-443.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Despite similar physical properties, the Northern and Southern Atlantic subtropical gyres have different biogeochemical regimes. The Northern subtropical gyre, which is subject to iron deposition from Saharan dust1, is depleted in the nutrient phosphate, possibly as a result of iron-enhanced nitrogen fixation2. Although phosphate depleted, rates of carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre are comparable to those of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre3, which is not phosphate limited. Here we use the activity of the phosphorus-specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase to show potentially enhanced utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus occurring over much of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We find that during the boreal spring up to 30% of primary production in the North Atlantic gyre is supported by dissolved organic phosphorus. Our diagnostics and composite map of the surface distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean reveal shorter residence times in the North Atlantic gyre than the South Atlantic gyre. We interpret the asymmetry of dissolved organic phosphorus cycling in the two gyres as a consequence of enhanced nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean4, which forces the system towards phosphorus limitation. We suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus utilization may contribute to primary production in other phosphorus-limited ocean settings as well.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Piceamycin and its N-acetylcysteine adduct is produced by Streptomyces sp GB 4-2 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 (9). pp. 513-518.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Piceamycin, a new macrolactam polyketide antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of Streptomyces sp. GB 4-2, which was isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Norway spruce. The structure of piceamycin was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The Journal of Antibiotics (2009) 62, 513-518; doi:10.1038/ja.2009.64; published online 17 July 2009
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Two-way exchange between the Easter mantle plume and the Easter microplate spreading axis (1996)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 382 (6589). pp. 344-346.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-27
    Description: The conventional model whereby plume volcanism forms linear age-progressive volcanic chains, with the youngest activity occurring nearest a spreading axis (at a 'hotspot'), has been challenged for the Easter seamount chain1–4. Whereas early work suggested the existence of a linear melting anomaly (a 'hotline')1,2, more recent studies3,4 have proposed a hotspot near Salas y Gomez island, connected with the Easter microplate spreading system by an ~800-km-long, volcanically active plume channel. Here we use geochemical, geological and geochronological data to argue that the hotspot lies close to Easter Island. Moreover, new isotopic data for lavas from the seamount chain provide evidence for bidirectional flow between the spreading axis and the plume, thus supporting geophysical and fluid-dynamical models of mantle flow in a plume/spreading axis system5–7. Material balance and flux considerations show the Easter plume to be weak and cool compared with those beneath larger features such as Iceland, Hawaii and the Galápagos islands.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Biological ramifications of climate-change-mediated oceanic multi-stressors (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 5 (1). pp. 71-79.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: Climate change is altering oceanic conditions in a complex manner, and the concurrent amendment of multiple properties will modify environmental stress for primary producers. So far, global modelling studies have focused largely on how alteration of individual properties will affect marine life. Here, we use global modelling simulations in conjunction with rotated factor analysis to express model projections in terms of regional trends in concomitant changes to biologically influential multi-stressors. Factor analysis demonstrates that regionally distinct patterns of complex oceanic change are evident globally. Preliminary regional assessments using published evidence of phytoplankton responses to complex change reveal a wide range of future responses to interactive multi-stressors with 〈20–300% shifts in phytoplankton physiological rates, and many unexplored potential interactions. In a future ocean, provinces will encounter different permutations of change that will probably alter the dominance of key phytoplankton groups and modify regional productivity, ecosystem structure and biogeochemistry. Consideration of regionally distinct multi-stressor patterns can help guide laboratory and field studies as well as the interpretation of interactive multi-stressors in global models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lessons learned from ocean acidification research (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 5 (1). pp. 12-14.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-13
    Description: Reflection on the rapidly growing field of ocean acidification research highlights priorities for future research on the changing ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Continental crust generated in oceanic arcs (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 8 (4). pp. 321-327.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: Thin oceanic crust is formed by decompression melting of the upper mantle at mid-ocean ridges, but the origin of the thick and buoyant continental crust is enigmatic. Juvenile continental crust may form from magmas erupted above intraoceanic subduction zones, where oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath other oceanic lithosphere. However, it is unclear why the subduction of dominantly basaltic oceanic crust would result in the formation of andesitic continental crust at the surface. Here we use geochemical and geophysical data to reconstruct the evolution of the Central American land bridge, which formed above an intra-oceanic subduction system over the past 70Myr. We find that the geochemical signature of erupted lavas evolved from basaltic to andesitic about 10Myr ago - coincident with the onset of subduction of more oceanic crust that originally formed above the Galápagos mantle plume. We also find that seismic P-waves travel through the crust at velocities intermediate between those typically observed for oceanic and continental crust. We develop a continentality index to quantitatively correlate geochemical composition with the average P-wave velocity of arc crust globally. We conclude that although the formation and evolution of continents may involve many processes, melting enriched oceanic crust within a subduction zone - a process probably more common in the Archaean - can produce juvenile continental crust.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Regional climate response to solar-radiation management (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 3 (8). pp. 537-541.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Concerns about the slow pace of climate mitigation have led to renewed dialogue about solar-radiation management, which could be achieved by adding reflecting aerosols to the stratosphere1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Modelling studies suggest that solar-radiation management could produce stabilized global temperatures and reduced global precipitation4, 5, 6. Here we present an analysis of regional differences in a climate modified by solar-radiation management, using a large-ensemble modelling experiment that examines the impacts of 54 scenarios for global temperature stabilization. Our results confirm that solar-radiation management would generally lead to less extreme temperature and precipitation anomalies, compared with unmitigated greenhouse gas emissions. However, they also illustrate that it is physically not feasible to stabilize global precipitation and temperature simultaneously as long as atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise. Over time, simulated temperature and precipitation in large regions such as China and India vary significantly with different trajectories for solar-radiation management, and they diverge from historical baselines in different directions. Hence, it may not be possible to stabilize the climate in all regions simultaneously using solar-radiation management. Regional diversity in the response to different levels of solar-radiation management could make consensus about the optimal level of geoengineering difficult, if not impossible, to achieve.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evolution of extreme stomach pH in bilateria inferred from gastric alkalization mechanisms in basal deuterostomes (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 5 (10421).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: The stomachs of most vertebrates operate at an acidic pH of 2 generated by the gastric H+/K+-ATPase located in parietal cells. The acidic pH in stomachs of vertebrates is believed to aid digestion and to protect against environmental pathogens. Little attention has been placed on whether acidic gastric pH regulation is a vertebrate character or a deuterostome ancestral trait. Here, we report alkaline conditions up to pH 10.5 in the larval digestive systems of ambulacraria (echinoderm + hemichordate), the closest relative of the chordate. Microelectrode measurements in combination with specific inhibitors for acid-base transporters and ion pumps demonstrated that the gastric alkalization machinery in sea urchin larvae is mainly based on direct H+ secretion from the stomach lumen and involves a conserved set of ion pumps and transporters. Hemichordate larvae additionally utilized HCO 3- transport pathways to generate even more alkaline digestive conditions. Molecular analyses in combination with acidification experiments supported these findings and identified genes coding for ion pumps energizing gastric alkalization. Given that insect larval guts were also reported to be alkaline, our discovery raises the hypothesis that the bilaterian ancestor utilized alkaline digestive system while the vertebrate lineage has evolved a strategy to strongly acidify their stomachs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Assessing the complex sponge microbiota: core, variable and species-specific bacterial communities in marine sponges (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 6 (3). pp. 564-576.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: Marine sponges are well known for their associations with highly diverse, yet very specific and often highly similar microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify potential bacterial sub-populations in relation to sponge phylogeny and sampling sites and to define the core bacterial community. 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing was applied to 32 sponge species from eight locations around the world's oceans, thereby generating 2567 operational taxonomic units (OTUs at the 97% sequence similarity level) in total and up to 364 different OTUs per sponge species. The taxonomic richness detected in this study comprised 25 bacterial phyla with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Poribacteria being most diverse in sponges. Among these phyla were nine candidate phyla, six of them found for the first time in sponges. Similarity comparison of bacterial communities revealed no correlation with host phylogeny but a tropical sub-population in that tropical sponges have more similar bacterial communities to each other than to subtropical sponges. A minimal core bacterial community consisting of very few OTUs (97%, 95% and 90%) was found. These microbes have a global distribution and are probably acquired via environmental transmission. In contrast, a large species-specific bacterial community was detected, which is represented by OTUs present in only a single sponge species. The species-specific bacterial community is probably mainly vertically transmitted. It is proposed that different sponges contain different bacterial species, however, these bacteria are still closely related to each other explaining the observed similarity of bacterial communities in sponges in this and previous studies. This global analysis represents the most comprehensive study of bacterial symbionts in sponges to date and provides novel insights into the complex structure of these unique associations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Single-cell genomics reveals the lifestyle of Poribacteria, a candidate phylum symbiotically associated with marine sponges (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 5 (1). pp. 61-70.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-03
    Description: In this study, we present a single-cell genomics approach for the functional characterization of the candidate phylum Poribacteria, members of which are nearly exclusively found in marine sponges. The microbial consortia of the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba were singularized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and individual microbial cells were subjected to phi29 polymerase-mediated 'whole-genome amplification'. Pyrosequencing of a single amplified genome (SAG) derived from a member of the Poribacteria resulted in nearly 1.6 Mb of genomic information distributed among 554 contigs analyzed in this study. Approximately two-third of the poribacterial genome was sequenced. Our findings shed light on the functional properties and lifestyle of a possibly ancient bacterial symbiont of marine sponges. The Poribacteria are mixotrophic bacteria with autotrophic CO(2)-fixation capacities through the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The cell wall is of Gram-negative origin. The Poribacteria produce at least two polyketide synthases (PKSs), one of which is the sponge-specific Sup-type PKS. Several putative symbiosis factors such as adhesins (bacterial Ig-like domains, lamininin G domain proteins), adhesin-related proteins (ankyrin, fibronectin type III) and tetratrico peptide repeat domain-encoding proteins were identified, which might be involved in mediating sponge-microbe interactions. The discovery of genes coding for 24-isopropyl steroids implies that certain fossil biomarkers used to date the origins of metazoan life on earth may possibly be of poribacterial origin. Single-cell genomic approaches, such as those shown herein, contribute to a better understanding of beneficial microbial consortia, of which most members are, because of the lack of cultivation, inaccessible by conventional techniques.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The effect of nutrients on carbon and nitrogen fixation by the UCYN-A–haptophyte symbiosis (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 9 (7). pp. 1635-1647.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: Symbiotic relationships between phytoplankton and N-2-fixing microorganisms play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. The abundant and widespread unicellular cyanobacteria group A (UCYN-A) has recently been found to live symbiotically with a haptophyte. Here, we investigated the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and Saharan dust additions on nitrogen (N-2) fixation and primary production by the UCYN-A-haptophyte association in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic Ocean using nifH expression analysis and stable isotope incubations combined with single-cell measurements. N-2 fixation by UCYN-A was stimulated by the addition of Fe and Saharan dust, although this was not reflected in the nifH expression. CO2 fixation by the haptophyte was stimulated by the addition of ammonium nitrate as well as Fe and Saharan dust. Intriguingly, the single-cell analysis using nanometer scale secondary ion mass spectrometry indicates that the increased CO2 fixation by the haptophyte in treatments without added fixed N is likely an indirect result of the positive effect of Fe and/or P on UCYN-A N-2 fixation and the transfer of N-2-derived N to the haptophyte. Our results reveal a direct linkage between the marine carbon and nitrogen cycles that is fuelled by the atmospheric deposition of dust. The comparison of single-cell rates suggests a tight coupling of nitrogen and carbon transfer that stays balanced even under changing nutrient regimes. However, it appears that the transfer of carbon from the haptophyte to UCYN-A requires a transfer of nitrogen from UCYN-A. This tight coupling indicates an obligate symbiosis of this globally important diazotrophic association.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Upper-ocean-to-atmosphere radiocarbon offsets imply fast deglacial carbon dioxide release (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 466 (7310). pp. 1093-1097.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-07
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nitrate respiration in the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila (1993)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 366 (6453). pp. 338-340.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-31
    Description: THE vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila is found around hydrothermal vent areas in the deep sea. Intracellular bacterial chemoautotrophic symbionts use the oxidation of sulphide from the effluent of the vents as an energy source for CO2 fixation. They apparently provide most or all of the nutritional requirements for their gutless hosts1–5. This kind of symbiosis has since been found in many other species from various other phyla from other habitats6–9. Here we present results that the bacteria of R. pachyptila may cover a significant fraction of their respiratory needs by the use of nitrate in addition to oxygen. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which may be the end product (nitrate respiration)10 or it may be further reduced to nitrogen gas (denitrification)11. This metabolic trait may have an important role in the colonization of hypoxic habitats in general by animals with this kind of symbiosis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Abyssal undular vortices in the Eastern Mediterranean basin (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Communications, 3 . p. 834.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-28
    Description: Abyssal temperature and velocity observations performed within the framework of the Neutrino Mediterranean Observatory, a project devoted to constructing a km3-scale underwater telescope for the detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos, demonstrate cross-fertilization between subnuclear physics and experimental oceanography. Here we use data collected south of Sicily in the Ionian abyssal plain of the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) basin to show for the first time that abyssal vortices exist in the EM, at depths exceeding 2,500 m. The eddies consist of chains of near-inertially pulsating mesoscale cyclones/anticyclones. They are embedded in an abyssal current flowing towards North-Northwest. The paucity of existing data does not allow for an unambiguous determination of the vortex origin. A local generation mechanism seems probable, but a remote genesis cannot be excluded a priori. The presence of such eddies adds further complexity to the discussion of structure and evolution of water masses in the EM.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Transitions in bacterial communities along the 2000 km salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 5 (10). pp. 1571-1579.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: Salinity is a major factor controlling the distribution of biota in aquatic systems, and most aquatic multicellular organisms are either adapted to life in saltwater or freshwater conditions. Consequently, the saltwater–freshwater mixing zones in coastal or estuarine areas are characterized by limited faunal and floral diversity. Although changes in diversity and decline in species richness in brackish waters is well documented in aquatic ecology, it is unknown to what extent this applies to bacterial communities. Here, we report a first detailed bacterial inventory from vertical profiles of 60 sampling stations distributed along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea, one of world's largest brackish water environments, generated using 454 pyrosequencing of partial (400 bp) 16S rRNA genes. Within the salinity gradient, bacterial community composition altered at broad and finer-scale phylogenetic levels. Analogous to faunal communities within brackish conditions, we identified a bacterial brackish water community comprising a diverse combination of freshwater and marine groups, along with populations unique to this environment. As water residence times in the Baltic Sea exceed 3 years, the observed bacterial community cannot be the result of mixing of fresh water and saltwater, but our study represents the first detailed description of an autochthonous brackish microbiome. In contrast to the decline in the diversity of multicellular organisms, reduced bacterial diversity at brackish conditions could not be established. It is possible that the rapid adaptation rate of bacteria has enabled a variety of lineages to fill what for higher organisms remains a challenging and relatively unoccupied ecological niche.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar forcing synchronizes decadal North Atlantic climate variability (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Communications, 6 (8268).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-12
    Description: Quasi-decadal variability in solar irradiance has been suggested to exert a substantial effect on Earth’s regional climate. In the North Atlantic sector, the 11-year solar signal has been proposed to project onto a pattern resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), with a lag of a few years due to ocean-atmosphere interactions. The solar/NAO relationship is, however, highly misrepresented in climate model simulations with realistic observed forcings. In addition, its detection is particularly complicated since NAO quasi-decadal fluctuations can be intrinsically generated by the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Here we compare two multi-decadal ocean-atmosphere chemistry-climate simulations with and without solar forcing variability. While the experiment including solar variability simulates a 1–2-year lagged solar/NAO relationship, comparison of both experiments suggests that the 11-year solar cycle synchronizes quasi-decadal NAO variability intrinsic to the model. The synchronization is consistent with the downward propagation of the solar signal from the stratosphere to the surface.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Significant role of the North Icelandic Jet in the formation of Denmark Strait overflow water (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (10). pp. 723-727.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-23
    Description: The Denmark Strait overflow water is the largest dense water plume from the Nordic seas to feed the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Its primary source is commonly thought to be the East Greenland Current. However, the recent discovery of the North Icelandic Jet—a deep-reaching current that flows along the continental slope of Iceland—has called this view into question. Here we present high-resolution measurements of hydrography and velocity north of Iceland, taken during two shipboard surveys in October 2008 and August 2009. We find that the North Icelandic Jet advects overflow water into the Denmark Strait and constitutes a pathway that is distinct from the East Greenland Current. We estimate that the jet supplies about half of the total overflow transport, and infer that it is the primary source of the densest overflow water. Simulations with an ocean general circulation model suggest that the import of warm, salty water from the North Icelandic Irminger Current and water-mass transformation in the interior Iceland Sea are critical to the formation of the jet. We surmise that the timescale for the renewal of the deepest water in the meridional overturning cell, and its sensitivity to changes in climate, could be different than presently envisaged.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The ‘zero charge’ partitioning behaviour of noble gases during mantle melting (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 423 (6941). pp. 738-741.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Noble-gas geochemistry is an important tool for understanding planetary processes from accretion to mantle dynamics and atmospheric formation. Central to much of the modelling of such processes is the crystal–melt partitioning of noble gases during mantle melting, magma ascent and near-surface degassing5. Geochemists have traditionally considered the 'inert' noble gases to be extremely incompatible elements, with almost 100 per cent extraction efficiency from the solid phase during melting processes. Previously published experimental data on partitioning between crystalline silicates and melts has, however, suggested that noble gases approach compatible behaviour, and a significant proportion should therefore remain in the mantle during melt extraction. Here we present experimental data to show that noble gases are more incompatible than previously demonstrated, but not necessarily to the extent assumed or required by geochemical models. Independent atomistic computer simulations indicate that noble gases can be considered as species of 'zero charge' incorporated at crystal lattice sites. Together with the lattice strain model9, 10, this provides a theoretical framework with which to model noble-gas geochemistry as a function of residual mantle mineralogy.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Boundaries of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone shaped by coherent mesoscale dynamics (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 8 (12). pp. 937-940.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-20
    Description: Dissolved oxygen in sea water affects marine habitats and biogeochemical cycles. Oceanic zones with oxygen deficits represent 7% of the volume and 8% of the area of the oceans, and are thought to be expanding. One of the most pronounced lies in the region off Peru, where mesoscale activity in the form of fronts and eddies is strong. Here, we study the dynamics of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone in a Lagrangian framework, using a coupled physical-biogeochemical numerical model and finite-size Lyapunov exponent fields, to evaluate the role of mesoscale activity. We find that, at depths between 380 and 600 m, mesoscale structures have two distinct roles. First, their mean positions and paths delimit and maintain the oxygen minimum zone boundaries. Second, their high-frequency fluctuations inject oxygen across the oxygen minimum zone boundaries and eddy fluxes are one order of magnitude higher than mean oxygen fluxes. We conclude that these eddy fluxes contribute to the ventilation of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Local adaptation constrains the distribution potential of heat-tolerant Symbiodinium from the Persian/Arabian Gulf (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 9 (12). pp. 2551-2560.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: The symbiotic association of corals and unicellular algae of the genus Symbiodinium in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) display an exceptional heat tolerance, enduring summer peak temperatures of up to 36 °C. As yet, it is not clear whether this resilience is related to the presence of specific symbiont types that are exclusively found in this region. Therefore, we used molecular markers to identify the symbiotic algae of three Porites species along 〉1000 km of coastline in the PAG and the Gulf of Oman and found that a recently described species, Symbiodinium thermophilum, is integral to coral survival in the southern PAG, the world’s hottest sea. Despite the geographic isolation of the PAG, we discovered that representatives of the S. thermophilum group can also be found in the adjacent Gulf of Oman providing a potential source of thermotolerant symbionts that might facilitate the adaptation of Indian Ocean populations to the higher water temperatures expected for the future. However, corals from the PAG associated with S. thermophilum show strong local adaptation not only to high temperatures but also to the exceptionally high salinity of their habitat. We show that their superior heat tolerance can be lost when these corals are exposed to reduced salinity levels common for oceanic environments elsewhere. Consequently, the salinity prevailing in most reefs outside the PAG might represent a distribution barrier for extreme temperature-tolerant coral/Symbiodinium associations from the PAG.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Extensive phenotypic plasticity of a Red Sea coral over a strong latitudinal temperature gradient suggests limited acclimatization potential to warming (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 5 (8940).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Global warming was reported to cause growth reductions in tropical shallow water corals in both, cooler and warmer, regions of the coral species range. This suggests regional adaptation with less heat-tolerant populations in cooler and more thermo-tolerant populations in warmer regions. Here, we investigated seasonal changes in the in situ metabolic performance of the widely distributed hermatypic coral Pocillopora verrucosa along 12 degrees latitudes featuring a steep temperature gradient between the northern (28.5 degrees N, 21-27 degrees C) and southern (16.5 degrees N, 28-33 degrees C) reaches of the Red Sea. Surprisingly, we found little indication for regional adaptation, but strong indications for high phenotypic plasticity: Calcification rates in two seasons (winter, summer) were found to be highest at 28-29 degrees C throughout all populations independent of their geographic location. Mucus release increased with temperature and nutrient supply, both being highest in the south. Genetic characterization of the coral host revealed low inter-regional variation and differences in the Symbiodinium clade composition only at the most northern and most southern region. This suggests variable acclimatization potential to ocean warming of coral populations across the Red Sea: high acclimatization potential in northern populations, but limited ability to cope with ocean warming in southern populations already existing at the upper thermal margin for corals
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The tectonic puzzle of the Messina area (Southern Italy): Insights from new seismic reflection data (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 2 . p. 970.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-24
    Description: The Messina Strait, that separates peninsular Italy from Sicily, is one of the most seismically active areas of the Mediterranean. The structure and seismotectonic setting of the region are poorly understood, although the area is highly populated and important infrastructures are planned there. New seismic reflection data have identified a number of faults, as well as a crustal scale NE-trending anticline few km north of the strait. These features are interpreted as due to active right-lateral transpression along the north-eastern Sicilian offshore, coexisting with extensional and right-lateral transtensional tectonics in the southern Messina Strait. This complex tectonic network appears to be controlled by independent and overlapping tectonic settings, due to the presence of a diffuse transfer zone between the SE-ward retreating Calabria subduction zone relative to slab advance in the western Sicilian side.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Crucial role of Black Sea warming in amplifying the 2012 Krymsk precipitation extreme (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 8 (8). pp. 615-619.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-12
    Description: Over the past 60 years, both average daily precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation have increased in many regions1, 2, 3. Part of these changes, or even individual events4, 5, have been attributed to anthropogenic warming6, 7. Over the Black Sea and Mediterranean region, the potential for extreme summertime convective precipitation has grown8 alongside substantial sea surface temperature increase. A particularly devastating convective event experienced in that region was the July 2012 precipitation extreme near the Black Sea town of Krymsk9. Here we study the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) increase on convective extremes within the region, taking the Krymsk event as a showcase example. We carry out ensemble sensitivity simulations with a convection-permitting atmospheric model and show the crucial role of SST increase in the extremeness of the event. The enhancement of lower tropospheric instability due to the current warmer Black Sea allows deep convection to be triggered, increasing simulated precipitation by more than 300% relative to simulations with SSTs characteristic of the early 1980s. A highly nonlinear precipitation response to incremental SST increase suggests that the Black Sea has exceeded a regional threshold for the intensification of convective extremes. The physical mechanism we identify indicates that Black Sea and Mediterranean coastal regions may face abrupt amplifications of convective precipitation under continued SST increase, and illustrates the limitations of thermodynamical bounds for estimating the temperature scaling of convective extremes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Subducting seamounts control interplate coupling and seismic rupture in the 2014 Iquique earthquake area (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Communications, 6 . p. 8267.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: To date, the parameters that determine the rupture area of great subduction zone earthquakes remain contentious. On 1 April 2014, the Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake ruptured a portion of the well-recognized northern Chile seismic gap but left large highly coupled areas un-ruptured. Marine seismic reflection and swath bathymetric data indicate that structural variations in the subducting Nazca Plate control regional-scale plate-coupling variations, and the limited extent of the 2014 earthquake. Several under-thrusting seamounts correlate to the southward and up-dip arrest of seismic rupture during the 2014 Iquique earthquake, thus supporting a causal link. By fracturing of the overriding plate, the subducting seamounts are likely further responsible for reduced plate-coupling in the shallow subduction zone and in a lowly coupled region around 20.5°S. Our data support that structural variations in the lower plate influence coupling and seismic rupture offshore Northern Chile, whereas the structure of the upper plate plays a minor role.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Population genomics: Noah's Ark arrives (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Genetics, 14 (6). pp. 368-369.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Population genomics — in which genetic variation across the genome is studied in many individuals — has so far been limited to species for which reference genomes are available. A recent study shows how transcriptomics can be used to extend population genomics research across a far greater range of organisms. This advance promises important new insights int…
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Efficient removal of recalcitrant deep-ocean dissolved organic matter during hydrothermal circulation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 8 (11). pp. 856-860.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important carbon pool, similar in magnitude to atmospheric CO2, but the fate of its oldest forms is not well understood. Hot hydrothermal circulation may facilitate the degradation of otherwise un-reactive dissolved organic matter, playing an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle. The oldest, most recalcitrant forms of DOC, which make up most of oceanic DOC, can be recovered by solid-phase extraction. Here we present measurements of solid-phase extractable DOC from samples collected between 2009 and 2013 at seven vent sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans, along with magnesium concentrations, a conservative tracer of water circulation through hydrothermal systems. We find that magnesium and solid-phase extractable DOC concentrations are correlated, suggesting that solid-phase extractable DOC is almost entirely lost from solution through mineralization or deposition during circulation through hydrothermal vents with fluid temperatures of 212-401°C. In laboratory experiments, where we heated samples to 380°C for four days, we found a similar removal efficiency. We conclude that thermal degradation alone can account for the loss of solid-phase extractable DOC in natural hydrothermal systems, and that its maximum lifetime is constrained by the timescale of hydrothermal cycling, at about 40 million years
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Discovery of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and chemoautotrophy in cold-water corals (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 5 . p. 17962.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-03
    Description: Cold-water corals (CWC) are widely distributed around the world forming extensive reefs at par with tropical coral reefs. They are hotspots of biodiversity and organic matter processing in the world’s deep oceans. Living in the dark they lack photosynthetic symbionts and are therefore considered to depend entirely on the limited flux of organic resources from the surface ocean. While symbiotic relations in tropical corals are known to be key to their survival in oligotrophic conditions, the full metabolic capacity of CWC has yet to be revealed. Here we report isotope tracer evidence for efficient nitrogen recycling, including nitrogen assimilation, regeneration, nitrification and denitrification. Moreover, we also discovered chemoautotrophy and nitrogen fixation in CWC and transfer of fixed nitrogen and inorganic carbon into bulk coral tissue and tissue compounds (fatty acids and amino acids). This unrecognized yet versatile metabolic machinery of CWC conserves precious limiting resources and provides access to new nitrogen and organic carbon resources that may be essential for CWC to survive in the resource-depleted dark ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation covaries with Agulhas leakage (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Communications, 6 (10082).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-25
    Description: The interoceanic transfer of seawater between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic, ‘Agulhas leakage’, forms a choke point for the overturning circulation in the global ocean. Here, by combining output from a series of high-resolution ocean and climate models with in situ and satellite observations, we construct a time series of Agulhas leakage for the period 1870–2014. The time series demonstrates the impact of Southern Hemisphere westerlies on decadal timescales. Agulhas leakage shows a correlation with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation on multi-decadal timescales; the former leading by 15 years. This is relevant for climate in the North Atlantic
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Young off-axis volcanism along the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 3 (4). pp. 286-292.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-16
    Description: The growth of oceanic plates at mid-ocean ridges, crustal accretion, occurs by a combination of magmatic and tectonic processes. Magmatic processes along ridges spreading at fast, intermediate and slowrates, continually add volcanic material to a centrally located spreading axis. This creates a narrowband of young volcanic rocks. However, at ridges spreading at ultraslow rates, diminished volcanism allows entire blocks of mantle to spread on the sea floor by tectonic processes. Remote imaging has advanced our observational understanding of crustal accretion, but temporal constraints are required to quantitatively understand ultraslow-spreading ridge construction. Here, we use U-series eruption ages of volcanic rocks collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. Unexpectedly, we find young volcanic eruption ages that are broadly dispersed throughout the rift valley, indicating that crustal accretion of young volcanic rocks is not confined to a narrow central spreading axis. As areas of young volcanism are observed close to distinct fault surfaces, we propose that the widely dispersed volcanism may result frommagma rising along faults. Our results indicate that axial-centric spreading models may not accurately describe crustal accretion at ultraslow-spreading ridges, prompting the re-evaluation of these models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effects of long-term variability on projections of twenty-first century dynamic sea level (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 5 (4). pp. 343-347.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-13
    Description: Sea-level rise1 is one of the most pressing aspects of anthropogenic global warming with far-reaching consequences for coastal societies. However, sea-level rise did2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and will strongly vary from coast to coast8, 9, 10. Here we investigate the long-term internal variability effects on centennial projections of dynamic sea level (DSL), the local departure from the globally averaged sea level. A large ensemble of global warming integrations has been conducted with a climate model, where each realization was forced by identical CO2 increase but started from different atmospheric and oceanic initial conditions. In large parts of the mid- and high latitudes, the ensemble spread of the projected centennial DSL trends is of the same order of magnitude as the globally averaged steric sea-level rise, suggesting that internal variability cannot be ignored when assessing twenty-first-century DSL trends. The ensemble spread is considerably reduced in the mid- to high latitudes when only the atmospheric initial conditions differ while keeping the oceanic initial state identical; indicating that centennial DSL projections are strongly dependent on ocean initial conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Policy: Five priorities for the UN Sustainable Development Goals - Comment (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 520 (7548). pp. 432-433.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Restructure data-gathering and evaluation networks to address climate change, energy, food, health and water provision, say Yonglong Lu and colleagues.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 8 (6). pp. 445-449.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: Global mean surface warming has stalled since the end of the twentieth century1, 2, but the net radiation imbalance at the top of the atmosphere continues to suggest an increasingly warming planet. This apparent contradiction has been reconciled by an anomalous heat flux into the ocean3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, induced by a shift towards a La Niña-like state with cold sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific over the past decade or so. A significant portion of the heat missing from the atmosphere is therefore expected to be stored in the Pacific Ocean. However, in situ hydrographic records indicate that Pacific Ocean heat content has been decreasing9. Here, we analyse observations along with simulations from a global ocean–sea ice model to track the pathway of heat. We find that the enhanced heat uptake by the Pacific Ocean has been compensated by an increased heat transport from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, carried by the Indonesian throughflow. As a result, Indian Ocean heat content has increased abruptly, which accounts for more than 70% of the global ocean heat gain in the upper 700 m during the past decade. We conclude that the Indian Ocean has become increasingly important in modulating global climate variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ocean science: The origins of a climate oscillation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 521 (7553). pp. 428-430.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: An index of water-circulation strength in the North Atlantic Ocean has been derived from sea-level measurements. This provides fresh evidence of the ocean's leading role in multidecadal climate variability. See Letter p.508
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Marine geophysics: Where there's smoke there's fire (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (7). pp. 463-464.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-10
    Description: Seafloor vents spewing mineral-rich plumes of hydrothermal fluid — termed black smokers — can persist at mid-ocean ridges for decades or longer. Earthquake data indicate that ongoing magma injection may determine their locations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Oceanography: All change in the Arctic (1999)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 397 (6718). pp. 389-391.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    How and when plume zonation appeared during the 132 Myr evolution of the Tristan Hotspot (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Communications, 6 (7799).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Increasingly, spatial geochemical zonation, present as geographically distinct, subparallel trends, is observed along hotspot tracks, such as Hawaii and the Galapagos. The origin of this zonation is currently unclear. Recently zonation was found along the last B70 Myr of the Tristan-Gough hotspot track. Here we present new Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope data from the older parts of this hotspot track (Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise) and re-evaluate published data from the Etendeka and Parana flood basalts erupted at the initiation of the hotspot track. We show that only the enriched Gough, but not the less-enriched Tristan, component is present in the earlier (70–132 Ma) history of the hotspot. Here we present a model that can explain the temporal evolution and origin of plume zonation for both the Tristan-Gough and Hawaiian hotspots, two end member types of zoned plumes, through processes taking place in the plume sources at the base of the lower mantle.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Genomic islands in pathogenic and environmental microorganisms (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2 (5). pp. 414-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Horizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism for the evolution of microbial genomes. Pathogenicity islands — mobile genetic elements that contribute to rapid changes in virulence potential — are known to have contributed to genome evolution by horizontal gene transfer in many bacterial pathogens. Increasing evidence indicates that equivalent elements in non-pathogenic species — genomic islands — are important in the evolution of these bacteria, influencing traits such as antibiotic resistance, symbiosis and fitness, and adaptation in general. This review discusses the recent lessons that have been learned from pathogenicity islands in pathogenic microorganisms and how they apply to the role of genomic islands in commensal, symbiotic and environmental bacteria.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ocean acidification increases the accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds across trophic levels (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Communications, 6 (8714).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification (OA), altering carbonate chemistry with consequences for marine organisms. Here we show that OA increases by 46–212% the production of phenolic compounds in phytoplankton grown under the elevated CO2 concentrations projected for the end of this century, compared with the ambient CO2 level. At the same time, mitochondrial respiration rate is enhanced under elevated CO2 concentrations by 130–160% in a single species or mixed phytoplankton assemblage. When fed with phytoplankton cells grown under OA, zooplankton assemblages have significantly higher phenolic compound content, by about 28–48%. The functional consequences of the increased accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds in primary and secondary producers have the potential to have profound consequences for marine ecosystem and seafood quality, with the possibility that fishery industries could be influenced as a result of progressive ocean changes
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Methods for isolation of marine-derived endophytic fungi and their bioactive secondary products (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Protocols, 5 (3). pp. 479-490.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-24
    Description: Marine-derived fungi have been shown in recent years to produce a plethora of new bioactive secondary metabolites, some of them featuring new carbon frameworks hitherto unprecedented in nature. These compounds are of interest as new lead structures for medicine as well as for plant protection. The aim of this protocol is to give a detailed description of methods useful for the isolation and cultivation of fungi associated with various marine organisms (sponges, algae and mangrove plants) for the extraction, characterization and structure elucidation of biologically active secondary metabolites produced by these marine-derived endophytic fungi, and for the preliminary evaluation of their pharmacological properties based on rapid 'in house' screening systems. Some results exemplifying the positive outcomes of the protocol are given at the end. From sampling in marine environment to completion of the structure elucidation and bioactivity screening, a period of at least 3 months has to be scheduled.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Diversity of key players in the microbial ecosystems of the human body (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 5 . p. 15920.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-09
    Description: Coexisting bacteria form various microbial communities in human body parts. In these ecosystems they interact in various ways and the properties of the interaction network can be related to the stability and functional diversity of the local bacterial community. In this study, we analyze the interaction network among bacterial OTUs in 11 locations of the human body. These belong to two major groups. One is the digestive system and the other is the female genital tract. In each local ecosystem we determine the key species, both the ones being in key positions in the interaction network and the ones that dominate by frequency. Beyond identifying the key players and discussing their biological relevance, we also quantify and compare the properties of the 11 networks. The interaction networks of the female genital system and the digestive system show totally different architecture. Both the topological properties and the identity of the key groups differ. Key groups represent four phyla of prokaryotes. Some groups appear in key positions in several locations, while others are assigned only to a single body part. The key groups of the digestive and the genital tracts are totally different.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...