Abstract
HELIUM–3 is created by cosmological nucleosynthesis with an abundance 3He/H ≈ 2 x 10−5 (ref. 1), but then augmented by stellar nucleosynthesis. Stars comparable in mass to the Sun should contribute a large fraction of the present 3He abundance in interstellar material2: winds from these stars during their main-sequence lifetime, as well as planetary nebulae created by more rapid mass loss later in the stars' lives, are expected to have 3He/H about 100 times the cosmic value. These stars are also thought to be the principal source of new material to the interstellar medium3, and measurement of the present 3He abundance should therefore be an important diagnostic of chemical evolution in the Galaxy,as well as an essential prelude to determining the primordial cosmic abundance4. Over a decade ago we began a programme5–7 to measure the galactic 3He abundance, but until recently it had been possible to detect it only in giant H II regions, where it is already well mixed into the interstellar medium. We report here its first detection in a 3He source, the planetary nebula NGC3242. We measure 3He/H ≳10−3, consistent with stellar models.
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Rood, R., Bania, T. & Wilson, T. Detection of helium-3 in a planetary nebula. Nature 355, 618–620 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1038/355618a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/355618a0
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