Abstract
THE present practice of analysing data relating to reaction-rates in solution in terms of the parameters of the modified Arrhenius equation, 
has led to a more complete understanding of the way in which polar substituents affect chemical reactivity by focusing attention on the fact that the differences in rate may arise through changes in the energy of activation or in the entropy of activation (non-exponential term) or in both. Among the several reactions investigated, a number have been found in which the differences in rate can be accounted for almost entirely by changes in the energy of activation, variations in PZ in comparison being almost negligible.
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References
Jones, Brynmor, J. Chem. Soc., 418, 676 (1942); cf. also J. Chem. Soc., 1006 (1928), 1831 et seq. (1935).
Williams and Hinshelwood, J. Chem. Soc., 1079 (1934).
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Stubbs and Hinshelwood, J. Chem. Soc., S 71 (1949).
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JONES, B., ROBINSON, J. Additive Effects of Substituents. Nature 165, 453–454 (1950). https://doi.org/10.1038/165453b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/165453b0
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