Flowering in sweet cherry in response to application of gibberellic acid

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(89)90071-X

Scientia Horticulturae

Volume 38, Issues 3–4, March 1989, Pages 239-245

https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(89)90071-X Get rights and content

Abstract

Increasing dose of gibberellic acid (GA₃, 0–150 mg l⁻¹) reduced flowering of sweet cherry cultivars ‘Bing’ and ‘Lambert’ the year following treatment. Flowering was reduced to a greater extent on 1-year-old wood as compared to older wood. Treatment at the floral cup stage (approximately 2 weeks after bloom) had no effect on flowering. Treatment at the beginning of Stage III of fruit growth (approximately 21 days before harvest) resulted in the largest decrease of flowering of all the treatment times.

References (11)

T.J. Facteau et al.
Firmness of sweet cherry fruit following multiple applications of gibberellic acid
J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
(1985)
G.K. Goldwin et al.
Improving fruit set of sweet cherry, Prunus avium L., cv. ‘Early Rivers’ with plant hormones
J. Hortic. Sci.
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J. Hull et al.
Response of one-year-old cherry and mature bearing cherry, peach and apple trees to gibberellin
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Some growth regulator effects on fruit quality, mesocarp composition, and susceptibility to postharvest surface marking of sweet cherry
J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
(1980)
L.C. Luckwill
The control of growth and fruitfulness of apple trees

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Cited by (15)

Improving 'Bing' sweet cherry fruit quality with plant growth regulators
2011, Scientia Horticulturae
Citation Excerpt :
This response was consistent whether GAs were applied along or in combination with CPPU. This effect is consistent with many previous studies of foliar application of GA3 before harvest (Proebsting et al., 1973; Looney and Lidster, 1980; Choi et al., 2002; Facteau et al., 1985, 1989; Kappel and MacDonald, 2002,2007; Horvitz et al., 2003; Clayton et al., 2006; Lenahan et al., 2006, 2008; Cline and Trought, 2007). In both stage I and II, no significant differences in fruit shape (height, width, or height:width) between any treatment and the control were observed (data not shown).
Final fruit diameter is the prime determinant of sweet cherry fruit value. Previous research has shown that mesocarp cell size accounts predominantly for variability in final fruit size, within a genotype. Our research program evaluated the potential to improve sweet cherry fruit size/weight with growth regulators to affect cell division and/or cell expansion stages. In the current study we screened 8 plant growth regulators (PGRs), including cytokinins, gibberellins, and auxins, and their combinations for their ability to increase ‘Bing’ fruit weight. Each PGR was mixed in lanolin paste and applied to fruit pedicels at 9 or 30 days after full bloom (DAFB), to coincide with estimated peak in cell division and cell expansion activity, respectively. Several cytokinins applied 30 DAFB improved fruit weight significantly (ca. +15%) with N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) and 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine (mt-Topolin) at 100 mg l⁻¹ being the most effective. Gibberellins, applied alone, improved fruit size and delayed fruit maturation and exocarp coloration. GA₃ at 200 mg l⁻¹ applied at 9 DAFB was the most effective and improved final fruit weight by 15%. Fifty-six percent of the fruit from this treatment were ≥9 g compared to 15% of similar weight fruit from untreated limbs. Both GA₃ and GA_4/7 treatments applied 9 DAFB increased fruit radial expansion. 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic auxin, also stimulated higher fruit growth rates at stage I and stage II, and fruit color development, but did not improve final fruit size.
Gibberellins in seedlings and flowering trees of Prunus avium L.
2000, Phytochemistry
Extracts of acids from mature seeds, germinating seeds, first, second and third year seedlings as well as mature, flowering trees of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. Stella) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The presence of the known gibberellins (GAs) GA₁ (1), GA₃ (4), GA₅ (7), GA₈ (11), GA₁₉ (14), GA₂₀ (12), GA₂₉ (13), GA₃₂ (5), GA₈₅ (2), GA₈₆ (3) and GA₈₇ (6) was confirmed by comparison of their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices with those of standards or literature values. In addition, 16α,17-dihydrodihydroxy GA₂₅ (16) was identified and its stereochemistry confirmed by rational synthesis. The 12α,13-dihydroxy GAs, GA₃₂ (5), GA₈₅ (2), GA₈₆ (3) and GA₈₇ (6), were detected in mature seeds, germinating seeds and young seedlings, but not in flowering plants. The 13-hydroxy GAs, GA₁ (1) and GA₃ (4), were present in germinating seeds and, in addition to these, GA₅ (7), GA₈ (11), GA₁₉ (14), GA₂₀ (12) and GA₂₉ (13) were detected in seedlings and mature flowering plants. In germinating seeds and seedlings (while the plants were growing actively), concentrations of the 12α,13-dihydroxy GAs, measured by bioassay, declined and those of the 13-hydroxy GAs increased. The results are discussed with reference to the known and predicted effects of the GAs on the vegetative growth and flowering of P. avium plants.
Flowering and fruiting in 'Patterson' apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in response to postharvest application of gibberellic acid
1995, Scientia Horticulturae
In July or August of 1988 and 1989 which was approximately 2 or 6 weeks, respectively, after fruit harvest, cultivar ‘Patterson’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca) trees were sprayed with a single spray of either 10, 50 or 100 p.p.m. gibberellic acid (gibberellin A₃, GA). GA sprays of 100 p.p.m. applied in early July reduced flower number per centimeter of limb length in the year following treatment. Flower number per centimeter of limb circumference was reduced by sprays of 50 and 100 p.p.m. GA applied in July. Fruit set was not affected by GA sprays. The yield and fruit number of hand thinned trees was equivalent to that found on trees treated with 50 and 100 p.p.m. GA sprays in July. Individual fruit weight (size) was increased by GA sprays of 50 and 100 p.p.m. in July compared to hand thinned trees. Fruit maturity was advanced when yields were reduced by GA sprays. In July, GA sprays of 10 p.p.m. resulted in increased individual fruit weight without reduced total yields per tree compared to non-thinned control trees. Results showed that the use of GA sprays the year before flowering (July) decreased flower numbers, eliminating the need for chemical or hand fruit thinning of ‘Patterson’ apricot.
Exogenous gibberellic acid and cytokinin effects on budbreak, flowering, and yield of blackberry grown under subtropical climatic conditions
2020, HortScience
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit drop reduction by the application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and gibberellic acid
2018, Acta Horticulturae
Role of 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide and GA<inf>3</inf> on fruit quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry and physiological disorders
2015, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Hortorum Cultus

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^☆: Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 8440.

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Scientia Horticulturae

Abstract

References (11)

Firmness of sweet cherry fruit following multiple applications of gibberellic acid

J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.

Improving fruit set of sweet cherry, Prunus avium L., cv. ‘Early Rivers’ with plant hormones

J. Hortic. Sci.

Response of one-year-old cherry and mature bearing cherry, peach and apple trees to gibberellin

Some growth regulator effects on fruit quality, mesocarp composition, and susceptibility to postharvest surface marking of sweet cherry

J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.

The control of growth and fruitfulness of apple trees

Cited by (15)

Improving 'Bing' sweet cherry fruit quality with plant growth regulators

Gibberellins in seedlings and flowering trees of Prunus avium L.

Flowering and fruiting in 'Patterson' apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in response to postharvest application of gibberellic acid

Exogenous gibberellic acid and cytokinin effects on budbreak, flowering, and yield of blackberry grown under subtropical climatic conditions

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit drop reduction by the application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and gibberellic acid

Role of 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide and GA<inf>3</inf> on fruit quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry and physiological disorders

Flowering in sweet cherry in response to application of gibberellic acid☆

Abstract

Firmness of sweet cherry fruit following multiple applications of gibberellic acid

J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.

Improving fruit set of sweet cherry, Prunus avium L., cv. ‘Early Rivers’ with plant hormones

J. Hortic. Sci.

Response of one-year-old cherry and mature bearing cherry, peach and apple trees to gibberellin

Some growth regulator effects on fruit quality, mesocarp composition, and susceptibility to postharvest surface marking of sweet cherry

J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.

The control of growth and fruitfulness of apple trees