Ultrastructure of antennal sensory receptors of Tribolium larvae (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae)

doi:10.1016/0020-7322(78)90005-3

International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology

Volume 7, Issue 3, 1978, Pages 221-236

International Journa...

https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(78)90005-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

The antennae of the larva of Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum have 21 sensilla: 1 trichoid, 8 styloconic, 1 placoid, 9 campaniform, and 2 coeloconic sensilla. The trichoid sensillum has 2 bipolar neurons. Three of the styloconic sensilla located on the terminal segment have 4 bipolar neurons; the fourth has 5 neurons. The smallest terminal styloconic sensillum has 2 bipolar neurons, one extending into the peg, the other ending at the base in a tubular body. There is some evidence for a third neuron with a lamellate distal dendritic process.

The placoid sensillum or plate organ, based in its internal morphology, is a compound basiconic-type sensillum, made up of approximately 130 neurons in 10–11 bundles. Distally, the dendrites branch, terminating near pores on the dome cuticle. Each campaniform sensillum has one bipolar neuron distally forming a tubular body. There are 2 branches in the antennal nerve, containing 108 and 60 neurons respectively.

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Cited by (25)

SEM analysis of sensilla on the mouthparts and antennae of Asian larch bark beetle Ips subelongatus
2021, Micron
Citation Excerpt :
Sensilla with similar structures to S.tb.3 are also called ‘campaniform organ’ in D. ponderosae (Whitehead, 1981), ‘mechanosensory nipple’ in I. typographus (Hallberg, 1982a), and ‘sensilla twig basiconica subtype 6’ in larvae C. lapathi (Yang et al., 2019). They are mechanosensitive (Whitehead, 1981) and function as hygro-/thermo-receptors in some coleopteran larvae (Behan and Ryan, 1978; Bloom et al., 1982). S.p fit the descriptions of ‘digitiform organ’ of D. ponderosae (Whitehead, 1981) and ‘poreless sensillum’ of I. typographus (Hallberg, 1982a).
The Asian larch bark beetle, Ips subelongatus, is a severe pest of larches in Northeastern China. The gustatory and olfactory systems of I. subelongatus play important roles in host location, mating, and feeding. In this study, we examined the types, distributions, and abundances of various sensilla associated with the mouthparts and antennae of I. subelongatus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the mouthparts, five types of sensilla are present: sensilla trichodea (S.t.1–3), sensilla chaetica (S.c.1–3), sensilla basiconica (S.b.1–2), sensilla twig basiconica (S.tb.1–3), and sensilla placodea (S.p). S.t.3 are the most abundant sensilla subtype on the mouthparts in both sexes, while S.b.1 are the least abundant. Most sensilla on the mouthparts are located on the maxillae and labium, and the apex of each maxillary and labial palp carry the same sensilla subtypes (S.b.2 and S.tb.1–3). However, the total number of sensilla on the apex of each maxillary palp is higher than that on the labial palp. On the antennae, five types of sensilla are present: sensilla trichodea (S.t.1–3), sensilla chaetica (S.c.1–2), sensilla basiconica (S.b.1–3), Böhm bristles (B.b), and sensilla coeloconica (S.co). Antennal sensilla are mostly situated on the anterior surface of the antennal club, particularly on the two dense sensory bands. S.b.1 are the most abundant sensilla subtype on the antennae in both sexes, while S.t.1 are the least abundant. No sexual dimorphism in sensilla type or distribution on the mouthparts or antennae is observed between the sexes of I. subelongatus. However, S.t.3 (on mouthparts) and S.c.1 (on antennae) were significantly more abundant in males than in females, while more S.t.1 (on mouthparts) were observed in females than in males. Finally, the putative functions of each kind of sensilla with respect to their fine structures, distributions, and abundances on the mouthparts and antennae are discussed.
Comparative analysis of the type and number of larval sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of Ips typographus and Ips subelongatus using SEM
2020, Zoologischer Anzeiger
Citation Excerpt :
Sensilla with structures similar to T.b.5 are called ‘mechanosensory nipples’ in I. typographus (Hallberg, 1982) and ‘sensilla twig basiconica subtype 6’ in C. lapathi (Yang et al., 2019). These sensilla are presumed to function as hygro-/thermo-receptors (Behan & Ryan 1978; Bloom et al. 1982; Eilers et al. 2012). After completion of the feeding stage, the last instar larvae of these two species construct oval chambers.
The larvae of Ips typographus and Ips subelongatus can cause extensive damage to coniferous trees under their bark, resulting in severe economic losses within the forestry industry. In this study, we analyzed and compared the sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of the larvae of these two species to identify biology- and taxonomy-related differences using scanning electron microscopy. In general, no significant differences in sensilla type or distribution on the antennae and mouthparts of the larvae were observed between the two species. However, some sensilla lengths, basal widths, and quantities varied greatly between the species. Two types of sensilla were observed on the antennae: sensilla basiconica (B.a.1) and sensilla twig basiconica (T.b.1 and T.b.2). The mouthparts had five types of sensilla: sensilla trichodea (T.r.1 and T.r.2), sensilla chaetica (C.h), B.a.2, T.b.3–T.b.5, and sensilla placodea (P.l). We also discuss the function of each type of sensilla based on their morphologies and locations. The results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the electrophysiology and feeding behaviors of I. typographus and I. subelongatus larvae.
Comparative morphology of sensilla on the antennae, maxillary and labial palps in different larval instars of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
2019, Zoologischer Anzeiger
Citation Excerpt :
Subtypes 2 and 5 have also been observed in many other insects, and presumed to have a tactile function, responding to sugar, salt, or other chemicals. Sensilla twig basiconica subtype 6 has been found in Lepidoptera larvae, and reported to function as a hygro-/thermo-receptors (Behan & Ryan 1978; Bloom et al. 1982; Eilers et al. 2012). After completion of the feeding stages, the fifth instar larvae of C. lapathi bored upwards into the xylem and created an oval chrysalis chamber.
Cryptorrhynchus lapathi (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important cosmopolitan wood-boring insect pest. Its larval stages damage salicaceous plants and thereby cause serious economic losses to the forest industry. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to record the number, typology, morphology, and distribution of sensilla on the antennae, maxillary and labial palps in the third, fourth, and fifth larval instars of C. lapathi. Two types of sensilla were observed on the antennae: sensilla basiconica (S.b.1) and sensilla twig basiconica (S.tb.1–4). The maxillary palps had three types of sensilla, S.b.2, S.tb. (S.tb.4–6), and sensilla digiformia (S.d.), while two types were found on the labial palps, S.b.2 and S.tb. (S.tb.4–6). The numbers and types of antennal, maxillary and labial palp sensilla remained unchanged in different larval instars, but the length and diameter of sensilla generally increased throughout larval development. Sensilla distributions on the maxillary and labial palps were significantly different in successive instars, but there were no differences on the antennae. We discussed the functions of sensilla in wood-boring behavior. These results may provide a theoretical basis for further studies of feeding behavior and electrophysiology of C. lapathi larvae.
The skeletomuscular system of the larva of Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophilidae, Diptera) - A contribution to the morphology of a model organism
2013, Arthropod Structure and Development
Citation Excerpt :
Studies of the adult morphology cover only the digestive tract (Sinha, 1958; Ameen and Rahman, 1973), external features of the male genital apparatus (Arnaud et al., 2001), and glands (Tschinkel, 1975). Of the larvae only the prothoracic glands (Srivastava, 1959), the gut (Ameen and Rahman, 1973), and sensory receptors (Ryan and Behan, 1973; Behan and Ryan, 1978) are described. Whereas the adult morphology of two of three insect model organisms is comparatively well known, the anatomy of the immature stages lack far behind.
The morphological features of the third instar larva of the most important insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, are documented for the first time using a broad spectrum of modern morphological techniques. External structures of the body wall, the cephaloskeleton, and the musculature are described and illustrated. Additional information about other internal organs is provided. The systematic implications of the findings are discussed briefly. Internal apomorphic features of Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha are confirmed for Drosophila. Despite the intensive investigations of the phylogeny of the megadiverse Diptera, evolutionary reconstructions are still impeded by the scarcity of anatomical data for brachyceran larvae. The available morphological information for the life stages of three insect model organisms – D. melanogaster (Diptera, Drosophilidae), Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) - is addressed briefly. The usefulness of a combination of traditional and innovative techniques for an optimized acquisition of anatomical data for different life stages is highlighted.
Ultrastructure of the antennal sensorial appendage of larvae of Ophonus ardosiacus (Lutshnik, 1922) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and possible correlations between size and shape and the larval feeding habits
2008, Zoologischer Anzeiger
The antennal sensory appendage morphology was studied in 19 species of carabid beetle larvae using scanning electron microscopy. Shape and size of the organ has been re-examined in selected taxa and are compared to figure out possible correlations between antennal sensory structures and larval morphoecological types. Morphometric analysis shows no correlation between antennal sensory appendage dimension and the four most common behavioural types. The ultrastructure of this sensory organ is described for larvae of Ophonus ardosiacus and the possible function is discussed. Olfactory function has been indicated as the most probable. The high number of chemosensory neurons of this multiporous organ suggests a possible ability of fine odour discrimination related to prey choice or host location.
Ultrastructure and comparative morphology of mouth-part sensilla in ground beetle larvae (insecta, coleoptera, carabidae)
2003, Zoologischer Anzeiger
Labial and maxillary palps in 22 species of ground beetle larvae revealed the presence of four different types of sensilla: sensilla digitiformia, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla basiconica and sensilla chaetica. Using transmission electron microscopy techniques, the role of most of them was defined: sensilla campaniformia and sensilla chaetica are mechanoreceptors; while sensilla basiconica are chemoreceptors. Sensilla digitiformia can be both mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors, though hygroreception may also be postulated on the basis of their abundance on the mouthparts of some hygrophilous species that depend on damp or wet patchy biotopes/seasons. The number and location of the sensory structures has been found to vary among the investigated taxa. The differences are related to the larval behavioural types, and are an adaptive response to different lifestyles, feeding habits and use of space.

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^∗: Present address: Department of Animal Physiology, The Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

^†: Send offprint requests to: Dr. M. F. Ryan, Department of Zoology, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

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International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology

Abstract

References (27)

Ultrastructure et electrophysiologie du lobe membraneux de l'atenne chez la larve du Speophyes lucidulus (Coleoptère)

J. Insect Physiol.

Fine structure of sense organs in the ovipositor of the parasitic wasp, Orgilus lepidus (Muesebeck) (Hym., Braconid.)

Tissue Cell

The ultrastructure of the sensory plaque organs of the antennae of the chinese lantern fly, Pyrops candelaria L. (Homoptera, Fulgoridae)

Tissue Cell.

Fine structure of antennal sensilla coeloconica of culicine mosquitoes

Tissue Cell.

Directional flow of sensillum liquor in blowfly (Phormia regina) labella chemoreceptors

J. Insect Physiol.

Aggregation and sex pheromones in the beetle Tribolium confuum

J. Insect Physiol.

The fine structure of the terminal sensilla on the maxillary palps of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

Z. Zellforsch.

Insect olfactory receptors

Fine structure of the dorsal organ of the house fly larva, Musca domestica L.

Z. Zellforsch.

The ultrastructure of the A1 sensilla on the posterior surface of the clypeo-labrum of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R and F)

Z. Zellforsch.

Recepteurs sensoriels cephaliques des larves de Speophyes lucidulus Delar. antenne, maxille et labrum (Coleoptera, Bathysciines)

Ann. Speleol.

Recherches sur l'equipment sensoriel du Coleoptère Cavernicole

Sur la presence possible d'un pigment visual dans un recepteur sensoriel de l'antenne d'un coleoptère cavernicole Speophyes lucidulus Delar. (Bathysciinae)

Vision Res.

Cited by (25)

SEM analysis of sensilla on the mouthparts and antennae of Asian larch bark beetle Ips subelongatus

Comparative analysis of the type and number of larval sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of Ips typographus and Ips subelongatus using SEM

Comparative morphology of sensilla on the antennae, maxillary and labial palps in different larval instars of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The skeletomuscular system of the larva of Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophilidae, Diptera) - A contribution to the morphology of a model organism

Ultrastructure of the antennal sensorial appendage of larvae of Ophonus ardosiacus (Lutshnik, 1922) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and possible correlations between size and shape and the larval feeding habits

Ultrastructure and comparative morphology of mouth-part sensilla in ground beetle larvae (insecta, coleoptera, carabidae)