Determination of benzalkonium chloride in aqueous ophthalmic preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography☆
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Cited by (45)
Mixed-mode chromatography of mixed functionalized analytes as the homologues of benzalkonium chloride. Application to pharmaceutical formulations
2023, TalantaCitation Excerpt :The reference methodology of the US Pharmacopeia for BAK analysis in pharmaceutical formulations, is based on high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Reversed-phase mode using cyanopropyl [14–16,20,21], octadecyl columns [18,22–29] or titania-based column [17] and mobile phases containing a buffer at acidic pH were the employed chromatographic conditions for BAK determination. However although the reference method of US Pharmacopeia employes a cyano column, several authors have reported reproducibility and column stability issues [22], especially with ophthalmic formulations with several active ingredients and multiple excipients, when injected at high concentration [26].
Rapid analysis of benzalkonium chloride using paper spray mass spectrometry
2017, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical AnalysisLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multiresidue method for the analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds in cheese and milk products: Development and validation using the total error approach
2017, Journal of Chromatography ACitation Excerpt :In the literature, several types of analytical column were referenced for the separation of QACs when C18 [1,2,8,30–32] is predominant. Methods using a CN [4–7] and a HILIC column were also proposed [33,34]. In this study, two C18 columns − Luna C18 (150 × 2 mm, 3 μm) and Synergi Fusion 80A (75 × 2 mm, 4 μm) − were trialed for the separation of ten QACs.
Development and validation of a rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for the assay of benzalkonium chloride using a quality-by-design approach
2015, Journal of Chromatography ACitation Excerpt :The BAK standard solution and the sample solution were injected for each condition tested. Different HPLC methods have been reported for the analysis of BAK [19–22]. Of these methods, the columns used are CN columns [22] or more conventional reversed-phase columns, C-8 and C-18 [19–21].
A hybridization approach to efficient TiO<inf>2</inf> photodegradation of aqueous benzalkonium chloride
2015, Journal of Hazardous MaterialsIon-pair in-tube solid-phase microextraction and capillary liquid chromatography using a titania-based column: Application to the specific lauralkonium chloride determination in water
2012, Journal of Chromatography ACitation Excerpt :Thus, the presence of C12-BAK in a water sample could be used an indicator of both, the use or the pollution by BAK. BAK analysis is necessary in industrial synthesis process [8], in pharmaceutical and cleaning industries [9] and in environmental analysis [10,11] as mentioned previously. Environmental analysis of BAK is focused to monitoring the concentrations of BAK in wastewater treatment plants, river water [12], seawater [7] and swimming pool water [13].
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Presented at the “Second International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis”, April 1990, York, UK.