The 1 × 1 to 1 × 2 phase transition of Au(110): An inverse photoemission study

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(89)90404-4

Surface Science

Volume 214, Issues 1–2, 4 April 1989, Pages L253-L259

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Abstract

We have measured the energy versus momentum dispersion of Au(110) in the (1 × 2) and the (1 × 1) phase with inverse photoemission using the isochromate mode. Our results are compared with theoretical bulk band structure calculations. The temperature dependent behaviour for the (1 × 2)-order-(1 × 1)-disorder phase transition is also presented.

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Cited by (18)

Surface electronic structure of Pt(1 1 0): Comparison with Ni and Pd
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The unoccupied electronic structure of Pt(1 1 0) was investigated by inverse photoemission. The results were compared with the data for Ni(1 1 0) and Pd(1 1 0) with particular emphasis on surface states. The surface states in the $Y$ gap of Pt(1 1 0) are shifted upwards relative to Ni and Pd, as a consequence of the (1 × 2) missing-row reconstruction. In contrast, the surface state at $X$ is only weakly affected, which indicates that it is essentially a one-dimensional state, localized on the densely-packed atomic chains on the Pt(1 1 0) surface.
The effect of surface morphology upon the optical response of Au(1 1 0)
2003, Surface Science
The effect of surface morphology upon the optical response of Au(1 1 0) has been studied using reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Starting from a clean and well-characterised Au(1 1 0)-(1 × 2) surface, changes in surface morphology due to increasing Ar ion bombardment have been observed using STM and correlated to changes in the RA spectrum. It is found that the RA spectrum is particularly sensitive to surface morphology in the photon energy region 3.0–5.0 eV. The study highlights the sensitivity of surface optical properties to surface structure and reveals the length scale on which surface roughness starts to influence the RA response.
He beam study of deconstruction and roughening of Au(110)(1 × 2)
1992, Surface Science
The deconstruction of the Au(110) surface, i.e., the (1 × 2) → (1 × 1) phase transition, has been studied by He beam scattering. A critical temperature of 700 ± 5 K is indicated by the temperature dependence of the half-integral diffraction intensities, and the incoherent elastic intensity. Above 700 K the peak width variation is consistent with Ising-like behaviour, where the main contribution to lateral disorder comes from domain walls. It is also demonstrated that the roughening temperature is substantially larger than the deconstruction temperature. The tails of the specular peak decay as a function of parallel momentum according to a power law with exponent −1.55 ± 0.1 at 723 K, indicating that the roughening temperature is higher.
Photoemission investigation of the reconstructed Au(110) surface
1992, Surface Science
An sp type surface state has previously been reported at the $Y$ point of the surface Brillouin zone of the Au(110) surface, and was associated with a gap in the calculated projected density of states of the unreconstructed surface occurring at the $Y$ point of the (1 × 1) surface. More recent calculations, taking account of the true (1 × 2) structure of the surface, predict that there is no surface state at the $Y$ point. We have carried out a detailed experimental investigation of the electronic structure of this system using angle-resolved photoemission excited by He I, Ne I and Ar I radiation and find no evidence for a surface state at the $Y$ point, in accord with the calculations. A feature observed at the Fermi level with He I radiation is interpreted as photoemission from the d-band excited by He I β radiation. Features observed with Ne I and Ar I radiation in various parts of the Brillouin zone are interpreted as direct transitions in the bulk. This indicates that the reconstruction changes the electronic structure of the surface so that a surface state in the projection of the I gap does not occur.
Inverse photoemission
1992, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis
This chapter presents a review of inverse photoemission (IPES), the analog of the parent technique photoemission. IPES is the process involving the emission of a photon during the radiative transition of an electron between two unoccupied states. The incident particle is an electron and the emitted particle a photon, inverse photoemission is generally considered as time reversal of the photoemission process. Such a time reversal would be strictly true only if the final states of inverse photoemission were located below the Fermi level. Considerable progress may be made if, neglecting for the moment the Fermi occupation of the electronic states, a direct comparison is made between the cross-sections for the two time-reversed transitions. In photoemission, the outgoing electron experiences a coulombic potential whereas in inverse photoemission the incoming electron is scattered by the short range potential characteristic of a neutral atom. Calculation of an inverse photoemission cross-section through the straightforward application of equation to these different photoemission cross-sections will result in a threshold value of infinity for the coulombic potential and zero for the short range potential.
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Surface science lettersThe 1 × 1 to 1 × 2 phase transition of Au(110): An inverse photoemission study

Abstract

Surface Sci.

Surface Sci.

Surface Sci.

Solid State Commun.

Surface Sci.

Surface Sci.

Surface Sci.

Nucl. Instr. Methods

Surface Sci.

Surface Sci.

Surface Sci.

J. Vacuum Sci. Technol.

Surface science letters
The 1 × 1 to 1 × 2 phase transition of Au(110): An inverse photoemission study