Histatins, a family of salivary histidine-rich proteins, are encoded by at least two loci (HIS1 and HIS2)

doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92460-1

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

Volume 160, Issue 2, 28 April 1989, Pages 495-502

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(89)92460-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

We screened a human parotid gland cDNA library with mixed synthetic oligonucleotide probes representing a central coding region common to histatins 1 and 3. Sequence analysis of 12 histatin cDNA clones strongly suggests that the histatin protein family is encoded by at least two closely related loci (HIS1 and HIS2) such that histatins 1 and 3 are primary products of HIS1¹ and HIS2¹ alleles, respectively, and that histatins 4–6 are derived from histatin 3 by proteolysis. We present additional data indicating that histatin 2 may represent the non-phosphorylated form of histatin 1.

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These peptides are histidine-rich that the two major precursors of them are histatins 1 and 3 and other members of the histatin family are variants of these two precursors via proteolytic cleavage during secretion. Precursors histatins-3 (51 aa; 1-19 signal peptide, 20-51 Histatin-3) have 26 proteolytic products; the most abundant of them in saliva are histatin 3 (full-length peptides) and 5 (His3-(20-43)-peptide) (Oppenheim et al., 1988; Sabatini and Azen, 1989; Troxler et al., 1990). Histatin 5 has the most candidacidal activity and it also inhibits gingipains of P. gingivalis and host metalloproteinases in periodontal disease (Oppenheim et al., 1988; Gusman et al., 2001).
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Based on chemistry and sequence of amino acids, there are variety of histatin peptides. The common variants of natural histatins found in saliva are Histatin-1 (38 amino acids; Mw ∼ 4929 Da), histatin-3 (32 amino acids; Mw ∼ 4063 Da) and Histatin-5 (24 amino acids; Mw ∼ 3037 Da) (Sabatini and Azen, 1989; Raj et al., 1990; Troxler et al., 1990). Histatin-1 and Histatin-3 are derived from the available genes HTN1 and HTN3 present in humans (Table 2) (VAN et al., 1997).
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Histatins, a family of salivary histidine-rich proteins, are encoded by at least two loci (HIS1 and HIS2)

Abstract

J. Biol. Chem.

J. Biol. Chem.

Arch. Oral Biol.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.

J. Biol. Chem.

Methods Enzymol.

Cell

FEBS Lett.

Arch. Oral Biol.

J. Dent. Res.

Biochem. Genet.

Biochem. Genet.

Nature

Arch. Oral Biol.