^{page 74 note 1} Sudan Almanac (Khartoum), 1955 to 1957Google Scholar; First Population Census of the Sudan, 1955–56: interim reports (Khartoum, 1957–1958)Google Scholar; Ministry of National Planning, Democratic Republic of the Sudan, Statistical Yearbook, 1975–76 (Khartoum, 1978)Google Scholar; Ministry of Culture and Information, Sudanow (Khartoum), 1976 to dateGoogle Scholar.

^{page 75 note 1} ‘Spreading the Word’, in Sudanow, 06 1979, p. 52Google Scholar.

^{page 76 note 1} Sources: as explained in text on p. 74.

^{page 77 note 1} Gaitskell, Arthur, Gezira: a story of development in the Sudan (London, 1959), pp. 229–39Google Scholar.

^{page 77 note 2} Barnett, Tony, The Gezira Scheme: an illusion of development (London, 1977)Google Scholar, passim. See also Economic Intelligence Unit, Quarterly Review of Sudan (London), 2, 1979, p. 14Google Scholar.

^{page 78 note 1} Gaitskell, op. cit. pp. 267–8.

^{page 78 note 2} Bank of Sudan, Seventeenth Annual Report for Year Ending 31 December 1976 (Khartoum, 1977), p. 67Google Scholar; Lees, Francis A. and Brooks, Hugh C., The Economic and Political Development of the Sudan (London, 1977), p. 47CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

^{page 78 note 3} Dafalla, Hassan, The Nubian Exodus (London, 1975), pp. 278–90Google Scholar.

^{page 78 note 4} Barbour, K. M., The Republic of the Sudan: a regional geography (London, 1961), p. 147Google Scholar.

^{page 79 note 1} Ibid. pp. 192–8.

^{page 80 note 1} Bryant, M., ‘Bread-Basket or Dust-Bowl?’ in Sudanow, 10 1977, pp. 42–6Google Scholar.

^{page 80 note 2} El-Bushra, El-Sayed, An Atlas of Khartoum Conurbation (Khartoum, 1976), pp. 75–6Google Scholar.

^{page 81 note 1} Sources: First Population Census of the Sudan, 1955–56, and the unpublished 1973 census, available in Khartoum.

^{page 82 note 1} ‘The El Nilein Mosque – a Focal Point’, in Sudanow, March 1977, p. 25.

^{page 82 note 2} Holt, P. M., A Modern History of the Sudan (London, 1961), p. 142Google Scholar.

^{page 83 note 1} Mohammed, Beshir Said, The Sudan: crossroads of Africa (London, 1965), pp. 17–18Google Scholar.

^{page 83 note 2} At that time, it should be recalled, there were within the civil service special salary scales and terms of service considered appropriate for Sudanese, for British, and also for Egyptian and Syrian officials. A great deal of Sudan's foreign trade was in the hands of Greeks, Armenians, Italians, and Indians, in addition to the foreign nationals already mentioned.

^{page 83 note 3} Holt, op. cit. pp. 142 et seq.

^{page 84 note 1} Hasan, Yusuf Fadl, The Arabs and the Sudan (Khartoum, 1973), pp. 145–73Google Scholar.

^{page 85 note 1} Deng, Francis Mading, Dynamics of Identification (Khartoum, 1973), passimGoogle Scholar.

^{page 85 note 2} Hill, R., Egypt in the Sudan, 1820–1881 (London, 1959), passimGoogle Scholar.

^{page 85 note 3} E.g. Albino, Oliver, The Sudan: a southern viewpoint (London, 1970), pp. 111ffGoogle Scholar.

^{page 86 note 1} Theobald, A. B., Ali Dinar, Last Sultan of Darfur, 1898–1916 (London, 1965), p. 207Google Scholar.

^{page 86 note 2} Trimingham, J. S., Islam in the Sudan (London, 1949 and 1965), pp. 186–241Google Scholar.

^{page 86 note 3} MacMichael, Harold, The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (London, 1934), p. 83Google Scholar.

^{page 87 note 1} El Rayah, Abd El Moneim Awad, ‘Away from the Capital’, in Sudanow, 05 1978, pp. 16–20Google Scholar.

^{page 87 note 2} Abd El Moneim Awad El Rayah and A. L. Taban, ‘A Decade of Concensus’, in ibid. January 1980, pp. 11–15.

^{page 88 note 1} MacMichael, op. cit. p. 243.

^{page 91 note 1} ‘The Soaring Rents’, in Sudanow, January 1977, pp. 9–10.

^{page 92 note 1} Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed, ‘New Scale, More Money’, in ibid. July 1978, p. 23. Doctors and engineers start at S£1,563 per annum only, and arts graduates at S£1,182, or S£98.5 per month.

^{page 92 note 2} Mirghani, H. M. and Mohamed, H. U., ‘The International Money Crisis…Sudan’, in Economic and Research Council Research Paper, No. 8, Khartoum, 1976, p. 60Google Scholar.

^{page 93 note 1} SirAhmed, Sid, ‘The Brain Drain’, in Sudanow, 12 1976, pp. 7–9Google Scholar.

^{page 93 note 2} Barbour, op. cit. p. 147.

^{page 94 note 1} The United Kingdom Inter-University Council for Higher Education Overseas still includes Khartoum amongst the Universities that it helps with recruitment, thus contributing to repair some of the gaps created by the brain drain.

^{page 94 note 2} According to a Sudanese lecturer working in Saudi Arabia, although the University of Riyadh has a marvellous library, most of the books are in English, which the undergraduates find too difficult to read.

^{page 95 note 1} Source: ‘Development Projects’, in Sudanow, June 1979, pp. 38–49.

^{page 96 note 1} Barbour, op. cit.

^{page 96 note 2} Quarterly Economic Review of Sudan, III, 1978, p. 12.

^{page 97 note 1} Bryant, M., ‘Arabs Look to Sudan for Food’, in The Guardian (London), 25 05 1979 p. 8Google Scholar.