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Sino-Japanese Controversy since the the 1972 Diplomatic Normalization*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Hidenori Ijiri
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Extract

Introduction

Sino-Japanese relations appear to have a dual structure which is built into the long history of exchanges and interaction between the two countries. Some phrases such as ichii taisui (“neighbours across the strip of water”) and dobun doshu (“same Chinese characters, same race”) have long been regarded as a symbol of the friendly relationship between the two countries. Such a symbol, however, implies dual and conflicting sentiments of the Japanese and the Chinese, namely the feelings of inferiority and superiority with each other in a hierarchical order of foreign relations in Asia.

To be more specific, the Chinese have a superiority complex deriving from their cultural influence in pre-modern history and hatred stemming from Japanese military aggression against China in the modern period, while having an inferiority complex based upon Japan's co-operation in their modernization, and admiration for Japan's advanced economy. On the other hand, the Japanese have an inferiority complex due to their cultural debt to China and the sense of original sin stemming from their past aggression against China, while having a superiority complex based upon their assistance to China's modernization and contempt for China's backwardness.

Type
China and Japan: History, Trends and Prospects
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 124 , December 1990 , pp. 639 - 661
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1990

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References

1 Renmin ribao (People's Daily), 27 August 1988.

2 For a study of the 1972 Sino-Japanese normalization, see Ijiri, Hidenori, The Politics of Japan's Decision to Normalize Relations with China, 1969–72, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1987).Google Scholar

3 On Takakazu Kuriyama's commentary, see Jiji, Tsushinsha Seijibu (ed.), [concerning] Dokyumento Nitchu fukko (Documents: The Restoration of Japan-China Diplomatic Relations) (Tokyo: Jiji tsushin Sha, 1972), p. 220.Google Scholar

4 Asahi shimbun (Asahi Daily), 5 June 1987.

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6 For a study of this, see Kokubun, Ryosei, “The politics of foreign economic policy-making in China: the case of plant cancellations with Japan,” The China Quarterly (March 1986), pp. 19–44.Google Scholar

7 For the content of the report, see Nikkan Chugoku tsushin (Daily China Correspondence), 29 June 1982.

8 Renmin ribao, 30 June 1982.

9 Ibid. 20 July 1982.

10 Ibid. 27 July 1982.

11 Asahi shimbun, 29 July 1982.

12 Rcnmin ribao, 30 July 1982, and Asahi shimbun, 30 July 1982.

13 Renmin ribao, 2 August 1982.

14 Ibid. 6 August 1982.

15 The Japan Times, 1 August 1982. For China's criticism of Esaki mission, see Renmin ribao, 23 July and 6 August 1982.

16 Nihon keizai shimbun (Japan Economic Daily), 14 August 1982.

17 Renmin ribao, 30 August 1982.

18 Tanaka, Akihiko, “‘Kyokasho mondai’ o meguru Chugoku no seisaku kettei” (Decision-making in China over the ‘issue of textbooks’”), Tatsumi, Okabe (ed.), Chugoku gaiko: seisaku kettei no kozo (China's Foreign Policy: The Structure of Policy-making) (Tokyo: Nihon kokusai mondai kenkyujo, 1983), pp. 193–219.Google Scholar

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20 Ibid. 3 September 1982.

21 My own interview with a Chinese Japan specialist.

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24 Ibid. 28 September 1982 and 29 September 1982.

25 The Japan Times, 26 September 1982.

26 Ibid. 23 March 1984.

27 Asahi shimbun, 16 August 1985, and Washington Post, 27 October 1985.

28 Hong Kong Standard, 15 September 1985.

29 The New York Times, 19 September 1985, and International Herald Tribune, 20 September 1985.

30 Washington Post, 27 October 1985.

31 For a text of Hu Yaobang's four-point statement, see Yaobang, Hu, “Fazhan zhong-ri youhao guanxi de sidian ijian” (“Four-point view to develop Sino-Japanese friendly relations”), Renmin ribao, 19 October 1985.Google Scholar

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33 The Japan Times, 30 October 1985.

34 The Guardian, 6 December 1985.

35 Asahi shimbun, 26 August 1985.

36 The Japan Times, 18 April 1987.

37 Asahi shimbun and The Japan Times, 6 June 1987.

38 Mainichi shimbun (Mainichi Daily), 5 June 1987.

39 Renmin ribao, 11 June 1987.

40 The Japan Times, 17 June 1987.

41 Christian Science Monitor and The Japan Times, 29 June 1987.

42 South China Morning Post, 25 July 1987.

43 The Japan Times, 8 June 1987.

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45 Asahi shimbun, 7 June 1989.

46 Asahi shimbun and Mainichi shimbun, 7 June 1989.

47 Asahi shimbun, 7 June 1989.

48 Asahi shimbun, Yomiuri shimbun (Yomiuri Daily), and Nihon Keizai shimbun, 5 June 1989.

49 Nishi, Yoshiyuki, “Amasugiru gakusei undo eno hyoka” (“Too generous evaluation on student movement”), Sankei shimbun (Sankei Daily), 9 June 1989.Google Scholar

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55 Tanaka, Akihiko, “ ‘Shizuka na gaiko’ ga hitsuyo na toki” (“ ‘Quiet diplomacy’ is required”), Chuo koron (August 1989), pp. 95–96.Google Scholar

56 This speech was made on 9 June 1989 and was carried in Renmin ribao, 28 June 1989.

57 Tomoyuki Kojima, Samayoeru Chugoku. pp. 244–45.

58 Renmin ribao, 5 January 1989.