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A preliminary description of complex graphite, sulphide, arsenide, and platinum group element mineralization in a pegmatoid pyroxenite of the Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A.

Komplexe Graphit-Sulfid-Arsenid-Platin-Vererzung in einem pegmatoiden Pyroxenit des Stillwater-Komplexes, Montana: Ein vorlaufiger Bericht

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Summary

We describe here for the first time a major occurrence of graphite along with sulphide, arsenide, and platinum group element mineralization in the Stillwater Layered Anorthosite Complex, Montana. The graphite occurs in a pegmatoid pyroxenite stockwork intruding between major stratigraphic units and also cross-cutting them. The major silicate minerals are highly altered with graphite blades frequently replacing plagioclase and pyroxene. Graphite also occurs as globules and massive fine-grained aggregates frequently forming concentric pipe-like structures. Sulphides and arsenides including platinum group element minerals and a new rhenium sulphide are associated. We point out the proximity of this and other possibly similar deposits in the Stillwater to dunite intrusions and also the similarity to mineralization observed in dunite pipes and potholes of the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex. The fact that major graphite-sulphide mineralization occurs stratigraphically under the main palladium-platinum zone of the Stillwater intrusion may have bearing on the genesis and nature of the “J-M Reef”. The association of major graphite with sulphides and significant Ni, Cu, Pd, As, Re, Ag, Te, Bi as well as with carbonate veins and Rare Earth minerals, probably represents a new type of ore.

Zusammenfassung

Wir beschreiben hier erstmals ein größeres Vorkommen von Graphit mit Sulfiden, Arseniden und Mineralen der Platin-Gruppe aus dem geschichteten Anorthosit-Komplex von Stillwater, Montana. Graphit tritt in einem pegmatoiden Pyroxenit-Stockwerk auf, das zwischen und in stratigraphische Einheiten des Komplexes intrudiert ist. Die Silikate sind intensiv umgewandelt; häufig verdrängen Graphit-Lamellen Plagioklas und Pyroxen. Graphit kommt auch als kugelige und massive, feinkörnige Aggregate vor und bildet häufig konzentrische, röhrenförmige Texturen. Er ist mit Sulfiden, Arseniden und Mineralen der Platin-Elemente sowie mit einem neuen Rhenium-Sulfid assoziiert. Die Nähe dieser und anderer möglicherweise ähnlicher Lagerstätten zu Dunit-Intrusionen im Stillwater-Komplex sowie Ähnlichkeiten mit der Vererzung in Dunit-Schloten und in “potholes” des Merensky-Reefs im Bushveld-Komplex sind von besonderem Intersse. Die Graphit-Sulfid-Vererzung liegt stratigraphisch unterhalb des wichtigsten Palladium-Platin führenden Horizontes der Stillwater-Intrusion; dies kann für die Zusammensetzung und für die Genese des “J-M-Reefs” von Bedeutung sein. Die hier nachgewiesene Paragenese von Graphit als Hauptkomponente mit Sulfiden, mit Ni, Cu, Pd, As, Re, Ag, Te-Mineralen, Bi, Karbonat-Gängen und Seltenen Erd-Mineralen dürfte einen neuen Vererzungstyp darstellen.

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Volborth, A., Housley, R.M. A preliminary description of complex graphite, sulphide, arsenide, and platinum group element mineralization in a pegmatoid pyroxenite of the Stillwater complex, Montana, U.S.A.. TMPM Tschermaks Petr. Mitt. 33, 213–230 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01081382

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