Skip to main content
Log in

Observations of vertical atmospheric structure in a deep mountain valley

Beobachtungen der vertikalen atmosphärischen Struktur in einem tiefen Gebirgstal

  • Published:
Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

A tethered balloon sounder was used to collect vertical temperature and wind structure data in the Gore River Valley of Western Colorado during December, 1975. Observations taken on a clear morning in which a deep inversion was initially present in the valley showed that the inversion top descended at a steady rate of ∼120 m hr−1. reaching the valley bottom after approximately 4 hours. Weak down-valley winds were present within the inversion layer while stronger up-valley winds prevailed above. A hypothesis is presented to account for these observations. A case study is presented for afternoon and evening cooling in which a ground-based inversion developed to a depth of 175 m in less than 2 hours. Winds within the inversion became decoupled from the synoptic-scale winds and remained very weak during the night. The effect of cloud cover during a morning heating cycle was to make the temperature soundings approach isothermal while sensible heating continued throughout the valley volume.

Zusammenfassung

Im Dezember 1975 wurden durch eine Fesselballonsonde die vertikalen Temperatur- und Windprofile im Gore River Valley im westlichen Colorado ermittelt. Aus Beobachtungen an einem wolkenlosen Morgen bei einer anfangs starken Inversion im Tal zeigte sich, daß die Inversionsobergrenze stetig um 120 m Std−1. absank und nach ungefähr vier Stunden den Talgrund erreichte. Schwache Talabwinde wehten innerhalb der Inversionsschicht. während stärkere Talaufwinde oberhalb derselben herrschten. Eine Hypothese wird vorgeschlagen, um diese Beobachtungen zu erklären. Die Abkühlung am späten Nachmittag und am Abend, wobei die Bildung einer Inversion einsetzte, deren Schichtdicke in weniger als zwei Stunden 175 m betrug, ist Gegenstand einer gesonderten Untersuchung. Winde innerhalb der Inversionsschicht wurden nicht mehr von den Winden in der freien Atmosphäre beeinflußt und blieben im Laufe der Nacht sehr schwach. Bewölkung während der Erwärmungsperiode an einem Morgen hatte zur Folge, daß das Temperaturprofil sich Isothermie näherte, indem Erwärmung gleichmäßig im ganzen Luftraum des Tales sich fortsetzte.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ayer, H. S.: On the Dissipation of Drainage Wind Systems in Valleys in Morning Hours. J. Meteor.,18, 560–563 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ball, F. K.: Control of Inversion Height by Surface Heating. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,86, 483–494 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Buettner, K. J. K., and N. Thyer: Valley Winds in the Mount Rainier Area. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl., Ser. B,14, 125–147 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Davidson, B., and P. K. Rao: Preliminary Report on Valley Wind Studies in Vermont, 1957. Final Report. Contract No. AF 19(604)1971, AFCRC-TR-58-29. College of Engineering, New York University, 54 pp. (1958). [Available from N. T. I. S. as PB 138 594.]

  5. Davidson, B., and P. K. Rao: Experimental Studies of the Valley-Plain Wind. Int. J. Air Wat. Poll.,7, 907–923 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Defant, F.: Local Winds. In. Compendium of Meteorology (Malone, T. M. ed.), pp. 655–672, Boston: Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Geiger, R.: The Climate Near the Ground. Translated from the 4th German edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hewson, E. W., and G. C. Gill: Meteorological Investigations in Columbia River Valley Near Trail, B. C. U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines Bulletin,453, 23–228 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kuo, H. L.: The Thermal Interaction Between the Atmosphere and the Earth and Propagation of Diurnal Temperature Waves. J. Atmos. Sci.,25, 682–706 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Machalek, A.: Inversionsuntersuchungen in einem Gebirgstal. Wetter und Leben,26, 157–168 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Morris, A. L., D. B. Call and R. B. McBeth: A Small Tethered Balloon Sounding System. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,56, 964–969 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Scorer, R. S.: Pollution in the Air: Problems, Policies and Priorities. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd. 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Stull, R. B.: Inversion Rise Model Based on Penetrative Convection. J. Atmos. Sci.,30, 1092–1099 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Thompson, A. H.: Surface Temperature Inversions in a Canyon. J. Appl. Meteor.,6, 287–296 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tyson, P. D., and R. A. Preston-Whyte: Observations of Regional Topographically-Induced Wind Systems in Natal. J. Appl. Meteor.,11, 643–650 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wagner, A.: Theorie und Beobachtung der periodischen Gebirgswinde. Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik,52, 408–449 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

With 6 Figures

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Whiteman, C.D., McKee, T.B. Observations of vertical atmospheric structure in a deep mountain valley. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A. 26, 39–50 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246534

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246534

Keywords

Navigation