Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hybrid speciation and radiation in the neotropical woody genusTocoyena (Rubiaceae)

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The variation pattern of a large population ofTocoyena formosa in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and of other samples throughout the species area was analysed by morphometrical, statistical, ecological, and phytogeographical methods. Excessive variation and the remarkable coherence of two different character syndromes within this species strongly suggest that it has originated as a homogamic (diploid) hybrid complex. Possible parental species areT. brasiliensis, mainly from the Amazon region, andT. viscidula from the dry caatinga region of NE. Brazil.T. formosa has a much more extensive geographical range and greater ecological plasticity, ranging from the Amazon basin and the Guyanas throughout the Central Brazilian Plateau and from NE. to S. Brazil and Paraguay. Three (partly sympatric) varieties are distinguished withinT. formosa, i.e. var.formosa, var.pseudobrasiliensis (var. nov.), and var.microdon (comb. et stat. nov.). A provisional taxonomic revision, key, and conspectus covers the 12 accepted species ofTocoyena with blunt flower buds and ovate obtuse corolla lobes (group A, includingT. formosa); their distribution is shown in a map.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ab'saber, A. N., 1982: The paleoclimate and paleoecology of Brazilian Amazonia. — InPrance, G. T., (Ed.): Biological diversification in the tropics, pp. 41–59. — New York: Colombia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, R. P., 1982: A comparison of multivariate methods for the detection of hybridization. — Taxon31: 646–661.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E., 1949: Introgressive hybridization. — New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1953: Introgressive hybridization. — Biol. Rev.28: 280–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1954: Hybridization as an evolutionary stimulus. — Evol.8: 378–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton, P. S., 1988a: Systematics and ecology of rain forest trees. — Taxon37: 622–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1988b: Dipterocarp biology as a window to the understanding of tropical forest structure. — Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst.19: 347–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balick, M. J., Pinheiros, C. U. B., Anderson, A. B., 1987a: Hybridization in the Babassu palm complex. 1.Orbignya phalerata ×O. eichleri. — Amer. J. Bot.74: 1013–1032.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1987b: Hybridization in the Babassu palm complex. 2.Attalea compta ×Orbignya oleifera. — Brittonia39: 26–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigarella, J. J., Andrade-Lima, D. de, 1982: Paleoenvironmental changes in Brazil. — InPrance, G. T., (Ed.): Biological diversification in the tropics, pp. 27–40. — New York: Colombia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohm, B. A., Ganders, F. R., 1982: Biosystematics and evolution of cultivated Coca (Erythroxylaceae). — Syst. Bot.7: 121–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. R., 1982: Chromosome numbers of angiosperms collected in the state of São Paulo. — Rev. Bras. Genet.5: 533–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, J. D., 1968:Boroja andTocoyena (Rubiaceae) in Panama. — Phytologia17: 445–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrendorfer, F., 1959: Differentiation-hybridization cycles and polyploidy inAchillea. — Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.24: 141–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fosberg, F. R., 1960: Introgression inArtocarpus (Moraceae) in Micronesia. — Brittonia12: 101–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, V. A., 1985: Phylogenetic patterns and hybridization. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.72: 681–715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillett, G. W., 1972: The role of hybridization in the evolution of the Hawaiian flora. — InValentine, D. H., (Ed.): Taxonomy, phytogeography, and evolution, pp. 205–219. — New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, L. D., 1972: Levels of confidence in the analysis of hybridization in plants. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.59: 435–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger, G., Morawetz, W., 1986: Floristic, structural and phytogeographical analysis of the savannas of Humaitá (Amazonas). — Flora178: 41–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1983: Dispersal and distribution in the cerrado vegetation of Brazil. — InKubitzki, K., (Ed.): Dispersal and distribution. — Sonderb. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg7: 315–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, V., 1979: Character coherence in natural hybrid populations in plants. — Bot. Gaz.140: 443–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1981: Plant Speciation, 2nd edn. — New York: Colombia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallé, F., 1967: Étude biologique et morphologique de la tribu des Gardéniées. — Mém. ORSTOM22: 10–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammen, T. van der, 1982: Paleoecology of tropical South America. — InPrance, G. T., (Ed.): Biological diversification in the tropics, pp. 60–66. — New York: Colombia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heiser, Jr.,Ch. B., 1972: The relationships of the naranjilla,Solanum quitoense. — Biotropica4: 77–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiehn, M., 1986: Karyologische Untersuchungen und DNA-Messungen anRubiaceae und ihre Bedeutung für die Systematik dieser Familie. — Dissertation, University of Vienna.

  • Kirkbride, Jr., J. H., 1976a: Confirmation of hybridization betweenDeclieuxia fruticosa andD. passerina (Rubiaceae). — Brittonia28: 341–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1976b: A revision of the genusDeclieuxia. — Mem. New York Bot. Gard.28: 1–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maze, J., 1980: A comment on Wells' distance coefficient as a hybridization index. — Taxon29: 667–670.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morawetz, W., 1982: Morphologisch-ökologische Differenzierung, Biologie, Systematik und Evolution der neotropischen GattungJacaranda (Bignoniaceae). — Denkschr. Mat.-Nat. Kl. Österr. Akad. Wiss.123: 1–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, P., 1981: Arealsysteme und Biogeographie. — Stuttgart: Ulmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neill, D. A., 1988: Experimental studies on species relationships inErythrina (Leguminosae:Papilionideae). — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.75: 886–969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobs, M. A., 1963: Experimental studies on species relationships inCeanothus. — Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ.623: 1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1988: Tropical woodyRubiaceae. — Opera Bot. Belg.1: 1–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1986: A survey of theGardenieae and related tribes (Rubiaceae). — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.108: 63–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumann, K., 1889:Tocoyena. — InMartius, C. F. P. & al., (Eds.): Flora Brasiliensis6 (6): 344–350. — Leipzig: F. Fleischer.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1891:Rubiaceae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien4 (4): 1–156. — Leipzig: Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, R. J., 1947: A study ofHevea (with its economic aspects) in the Republic of Peru. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.34: 261–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I., 1972: Anthese und Bestäubung der RubiaceenTocoyena brasiliensis undTocoyena formosa aus dem Cerrado Brasiliens. — Österr. Bot. Z.120: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1983: Fitossociologia de um hectare de cerrado. — Brasil Florestal54: 55–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, —, 1987: A hectare of cerrado. I. The trees and thick-stemmed shrubs. — Phyton (Austria)27: 55–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1975: Über sphingophile Angiospermen Brasiliens. — Pl. Syst. Evol.123: 157–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1977: Frost damage of cerrado plants in Botucatu, Brazil, as related to the geographical distribution of the species. — Biotropica9: 253–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, R. G., Linskens, H. F., 1974: Pollen, biology, biochemistry, management. — Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steyermark, J. A., 1965:Rubiaceae. — InMaguire, B. & al., (Eds.): Botany of the Guyana Highlands—part VI. — Mem. New York Bot. Gard.12: 178–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sytsma, K. J., Schaal, B. A., 1985: Genetic variation, differentiation, and evolution in a species complex of tropical shrubs based on isozymic data. — Evolution39: 582–593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, H., 1980: A distance coefficient as a hybridization index: an example usingMimulus longiflorus andM. flemingii (Scrophulariaceae) from Santa Cruz Island, California. — Taxon29: 53–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, J. C., Airy Shaw, H. K., 1966: A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. — London: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botanisches Institut I und Botanischer Garten, Justus Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstraße 17-25, D-W-6300, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany

    I. Silberbauer-Gottsberger & G. Gottsberger

  2. Institut für Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Wien, Austria

    F. Ehrendorfer

Authors
  1. I. Silberbauer-Gottsberger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Gottsberger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Ehrendorfer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I., Gottsberger, G. & Ehrendorfer, F. Hybrid speciation and radiation in the neotropical woody genusTocoyena (Rubiaceae). Pl Syst Evol 181, 143–169 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937441

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937441

Key words

Search

Navigation