Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The phylogeny and evolution of thePterygodium—Corycium complex (Coryciinae, Orchidaceae)

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The leaf-anatomy, palynology, seed-morphology, vegetative morphology and especially the highly complicated floral morphology of theCoryciinae s. str. (Diseae: Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) are described and illustrated in detail. On the basis of these characters the presumed phylogeny, based on a rigorous cladistic analysis, is presented. The cladistic biogeographical analysis of theCoryciinae s. str. shows that it is a member of the Afrotemperate Track, with a pattern of vicariance events typical of the members of this track. An analysis of the patterns of speciation shows that allopatric speciation appears to be rare, and that parapatric speciation across edaphic boundaries may be the most important factor. Proceeding from the information presented, a new classification of the group is proposed in which we recognize the four generaCeratandra, Evotella, Pterygodium andCorycium. The new monotypic genusEvotella comprises a species originally described asPterygodium rubiginosum. The three species of the genusAnochilus are transferred toCorycium andPterygodium. P. magnum, which was originally described asPterygodium but was transferred toCorycium lately, is placed in a monotypic section ofPterygodium.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anthony, N. A., Schelpe, E. A., 1982: New species and new combinations in AfricanPteridophyta andOrchidaceae. — Contr. Bol. Herb.10: 143–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barthlott, W., 1976: Morphologie der Samen von Orchideen in Hinblick auf taxonomische und funktionelle Aspekte. — Proc. Eight World Orchid Conference, 444–453. — Frankfurt: Deutsche Orchideengesellschaft.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Ziegler, B., 1981: Mikromorphologie der Samenschalen als systematisches Merkmal bei Orchideen. — Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.94: 267–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G., Hooker, J. D., 1883: Genera plantarum 3. — London: Reeve & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolus, H., 1888: The orchids of the Cape Peninsula. — Trans. S. African Phil. Soc.5: 1–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1893–1896: Icones Orchidearum Austro-Africanarum Extratropicarum 1. — London: Wesley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1911: Icones Orchidearum Austro-Africanarum Extratropicarum 2. — London. Wesley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1913: Icones Orchidearum Austra-Africanarum Extratropicarum 3. — London. Wesley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1918: The orchids of the Cape Peninsula. 2nd edn. — Cape Town: Darter Bros. & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P., Goldblatt, P., 1984: Plants of the Cape Flora. A descriptive catalogue. — J. S. African Bot., Suppl.13.

  • Bremer, K., 1976: The genusRelhania (Compositae). — Opera Bot.40.

  • Carpenter, J. M., 1988: Choosing among multiple equally parsimonious cladograms. — Cladistics4: 291–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesselet, P., 1989: Systematic implications of leaf anatomy and palynology in theDisinae andCoryciinae (Orchidaceae). — Masters thesis, unpublished; University of Cape Town.

  • Clifford, H. T., Smith, W. K., 1969: Seed morphology and classification of theOrchidaceae. — Phytomorphology19: 133–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. H., Heywood, V. H., 1963: Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. — Edinburgh, London: Oliver & Boyd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dressler, R. L., 1981: The orchids—natural history and classification. — Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1983: Classification of theOrchidaceae and their probable origin. — Telopea2: 413–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, D., Leistner, O. A., 1971: A degree reference system for citing biological records in Southern Africa. — Mitt. bot. Staatssamml. München10: 501–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farris, J. S., 1988: HENNIG86 Reference. — Published privately.

  • Garay, L. A., 1960: On the origin of theOrchidaceae. — Bot. Museum Leaflets19: 57–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerstberger, P., Leins, P., 1978: REM-Untersuchungen an Blütenknospen vonPhysalis philadelphica (Solanaceae). — Ber. Deutsch Bot. Ges.91: 381–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs-Russel, G. E., 1985: Analysis of the size and composition of the southern African flora. — Bothalia15: 613–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt, P., 1978: An analysis of the flora of Southern Africa: its characteristics, relationships, and origins. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.65: 369–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1982: Systematics ofFreesia Klatt (Iridaceae). — J. S. African Bot.48: 39–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1987: Systematics of the Southern African genusHexaglottis (Iridaceae-Iridoideae). — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.74: 542–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good, R., 1974: The geography of the flowering plants. 4th edn. — London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilliard, O. M., Burtt, R. L., 1987: The botany of the southern Natal Drakensberg. — Cape Town: National Botanic Gardens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren, K., Keuken, W., Schofield, E. K., 1981: Index Herbariorum 1, 7th edn. — Regnum vegetabile106.

  • Humphries, C. J., Parenti, L., 1986: Cladistic biogeography. — Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kränzlin, F., 1897: Orchidacearum genera et species. — Berlin: Mayer & Müller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurzweil, H., 1987a: Developmental studies in orchid flowers I: Epidendroid and vandoid species. — Nordic J. Bot.7: 427–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1987b: Developmental studies in orchid flowers II: Orchidoid species. — Nordic J. Bot.7: 443–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1989: Floral morphology and ontogeny inHuttonaea pulchra. — Lindleyana4: 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1990: Floral morphology and ontogeny inOrchidaceae subtribeDisinae. — Bot. J. Linn. Soc.102: 61–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1991: The unusual structure of the gynostemium in theOrchidaceae-Coryciinae. — Bot. Jahrb.112: 273–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, G. J., 1950:Orchidaceae. — InAdamson, R. S., Salter, T. M., (Eds.): Flora of the Cape Peninsula, pp. 265–309. — Cape Town: Juta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linder, H. P., 1981a: Taxonomic studies on theDisinae: 1. A revision of the genusBrownleea Lindl. — J. S. African Bot.47: 13–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1981b: Taxonomic studies on theDisinae: II. A revision of the genusSchizodium Lindl. — J. S. African Bot.47: 339–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1981c: Taxonomic studies on theDisinae. III. A revision ofDisa Berg. excluding sect.Micranthae Lindl. — Contr. Bol. Herb.9: 1–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1981d: Taxonomic studies in theDisinae (Orchidaceae) IV. A revision ofDisa Berg. sect.Micranthae Lindl. — Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belgique51: 255–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1981e: Taxonomic studies in theDisinae. V. A revision of the genusMonadenia. — Bothalia13: 339–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1981f: Taxonomic studies in theDisinae. VI. A revision of the genusHerschelia. — Bothalia13: 365–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1983: The historical phytogeography of theDisinae (Orchidaceae). — Bothalia14: 565–570.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1985: Gene flow, speciation, and species diversity patterns in a species-rich area: the Cape Flora. — InVrba, E. S., (Ed.): Species and speciation. — Transvaal Museum Monograph4: 53–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1986: Notes on the phylogeny of theOrchidoideae, with particular reference to theDiseae. — Lindleyana1: 51–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1988a: Taxonomic notes on some orchids from the soutwestern Cape Province, South Africa. — S. African J. Bot.54: 496–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1988b: A review of cladistics for botanists. — S. African J. Bot.54: 208–220

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1990: On the relationship between the vegetation and floras of the Afro-montane and the Cape regions in Africa. — Mitt. Bot. Gart. Hamburg.23 b: 777–790.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Kurzweil, H., 1990: Floral morphology and phylogeny in theOrchidaceae-Disinae. — Bot. J. Linn. Soc.102: 287–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Vlok, J. H., 1991: The morphology, taxonomy and evolution ofRhodocoma (Restionaceae). — Pl. Syst. Evol.175: 139–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindley, J., 1833: GeneraCeratandra, Ommatodium, Pterygodium, Corycium, andDisperis. — In: The genera and species of orchidaceous plants. — London: Ridgways.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddison, W. P., Donoghue, M. J., Maddison, D. R., 1984: Outgroup analysis and parsimony. — Syst. Zool.33: 83–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning, J. C., Linder, H. P., 1991: Pollinators and evolution inDisperis (Orchidaceae), or why are there so many species. — S. African J. Sci. (in press).

  • Nelson, G., Platnick, N., 1981: Systematics and biogeography. — New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, E. G. H., 1986: A new species of orchid from the northwestern Cape. — S. African J. Bot.52: 256–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Linder, H. P., Rourke, J. P., 1983: Geographical distribution of present-day Cape taxa and their phytogeographical significance. — Bothalia14: 427–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzer, E., 1889:Orchidaceae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2, 6, pp. 52–220. — Leipzig: Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, E. P., 1917: A contribution to the flora of the Leribe Plateau and environs. — Ann. S. African Mus.16: 1–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pijl, Van der, L., Dodson, C. H., 1966: Orchid flowers: their pollination and evolution. — Coral Gables (Florida): University of Miami Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Platnick, N. I., 1989: An empirical comparison of microcomputer parsimony programs, II. — Cladistics5: 145–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, F. J., 1988: NTSYS-pc. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. — New York: Exeter Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolfe, R. A., 1913:Corycieae. — InThiselton-Dyer, W. T., (Ed.): Flora Capensis5.3. — London: Reeve & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schelpe, E. A., 1966: An introduction to South African Orchids. — Cape Town, Johannesburg: Purnell & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlechter, R., 1898: Monographie derDisperideae. — Bull. Herb. Boissier., ser. 1,6: 800–821, 846–859, 905–955.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1902: Monographie derDiseae. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.31: 134–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1926: Das System der Orchideen. — Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem9: 563–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senghas, K., 1973–1974. UnterfamilieOrchidoideae. — InBrieger, F. C., Maatsch, R., Senghas, K., (Eds.):R. Schlechter, Die Orchideen. 3rd edn. — Berlin: Parey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharman, B. C., 1939: The development of the sinker inOrchis mascula Linn. — Bot. J. Linn. Soc.52: 145–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, K. E., 1989: The pollination ofDisperis (Orchidaceae) by oil-collecting bees in Southern Africa. — Lindleyana4: 164–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, J., Linder, H. P., Schelpe, E. A., Hall, A. V., 1982: Wild orchids of southern Africa. — Johannesburg: Macmillan South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Summerhayes, V. S., 1968:Orchidaceae, 1. — InMilne-Redhead, E., Polhill, R. M., (Eds.): Flora of tropical East Africa. — London: Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takhtajan, A., 1986: Floristic regions of the world. — Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeulen, P., 1966: The system of theOrchidales. — Acta Bot. Neerl.15: 224–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S., 1959: Organographie der Blüten kapländischer Ophrydeen. — Akad. Wiss. Lit., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. (Mainz)6–7: 1–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weimark, H., 1941: Phytogeographical groups, centres and intervals within the Cape flora. — Lunds Univ. Arsskr. Avd.2 37,5: 1–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, F., 1983: The vegetation of Africa. — Switzerland: Unesco.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. P. Chesselet

    Present address: Grassland Research Center, P. Bag X05, 0039, Lynn East, South Africa

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, 7700, Rondebosch, South Africa

    H. Kurzweil, H. P. Linder & P. Chesselet

Authors
  1. H. Kurzweil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. P. Linder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. Chesselet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kurzweil, H., Linder, H.P. & Chesselet, P. The phylogeny and evolution of thePterygodium—Corycium complex (Coryciinae, Orchidaceae). Pl Syst Evol 175, 161–223 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937844

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937844

Key words

Search

Navigation