Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Long-term effects of social rehabilitation in rhesus monkeys

  • Published:
Primates Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A group of 19 rhesus monkeys was assembled and observed in a large outdoor pen. Five experimental groups were present: 3-year-old mother-peer reared monkeys, surrogate-rehabilitated isolates, socially-rehabilitated isolates, surrogate-peers (who had served as “therapists” for the preceding group), and 1-year-old mother-peers. The major results indicated first, that the surrogate-rehabilitated isolates played socially significantly less than both mother-peer groups, and second, that the group as a whole seemed to display an abnormally low overall level of behavior. Possible interpretations and theoretical implications are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bernstein, I. S. &W. A. Draper, 1964. The behavior of juvenile rhesus monkeys in groups.Anim. Behav., 12: 92–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———— &W. A. Mason, 1963. Activity patterns of rhesus monkeys in a social group.Anim. Behav., 11: 445–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blomquist, A. J. &H. F. Harlow, 1961. The infant rhesus monkey program at the University of Wisconsin Primate Laboratory.Proc. Anim. Care Panel, 11: 57–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, H. A. &H. F. Harlow, 1965. Prolonged and progressive effects of partial isolation on the behavior of macaque monkeys.J. Exp. Res. Pers., 1: 39–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, M. S., 1973. Behavioral stability of rhesus monkeys following differential rearing. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin.

  • Harlow, H. F., 1969. Age-mate or peer affectional system. In:Advances in the Study of Behavior,D. S. Lehrman,R. A. Hinde, &E. Shaw (eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 333–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———— &M. K. Harlow, 1962. The effect of rearing conditions on behavior.Bull. Menninger Clinic, 26: 213–224.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ———— & ————, 1971. Psychopathology in monkeys. In:Experimental Psychopathology: Recent Research and Theory,H. D. Kimmel (ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 203–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———— &S. J. Suomi, 1970. The nature of love—simplified.Amer. Psychol., 25: 161–168.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, R. E., 1968.Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences. Brooks-Cole, Belmont, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, G. D. &D. L. Clark, 1968. Long-term effects of social isolation in nonsocially adapted rhesus monkeys.J. Genet. Psychol., 313: 117–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————,E. J. Raymond, G. C. Ruppenthal, &H. F. Harlow, 1966. Long-term effects of total social isolation upon behavior of rhesus monkeys.Psychol. Rep., 18: 567–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, C. L., 1967. Social behavior of rhesus monkeys reared with varying degrees of peer experience. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin.

  • ----, 1969. Effect of different degrees of early stimulation on social development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin.

  • Rowland, G. L., 1964. The effect of total social isolation upon learning and social behavior in the rhesus monkey. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin.

  • Sackett, G. P., 1968. The persistence of abnormal behavior in monkeys following isolation rearing. In:The Role of Learning in Psychotherapy,R. Porter (ed.), J. & A. Churchill, London, pp. 3–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, S.,Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York.

  • Southwick, C. H., 1967. An experimental study of intragroup agonistic behavior in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).Behaviour, 28: 182–209.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suomi, S. J., 1973. Surrogate rehabilitation of monkeys reared in total social isolation.J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 14: 71–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ———— &H. F. Harlow, 1969. Apparatus conceptualization for psychopathological research in monkeys.Behav. Res. Meth. Instru., 1: 247–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———— & ————, 1971. Monkeys at play.Nat. Hist., 80: 72–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———— & ————, 1972. Social rehabilitation of isolate-reared monkeys.Dev. Psychol., 6: 487–496.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, McGrill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Mark S. Cummins

  2. Department of Psychology, Primate Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

    Mark S. Cummins & Stephen J. Suomi

Authors
  1. Mark S. Cummins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stephen J. Suomi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Request reprints fromMark S. Cummins, Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

About this article

Cite this article

Cummins, M.S., Suomi, S.J. Long-term effects of social rehabilitation in rhesus monkeys. Primates 17, 43–51 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381565

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381565

Keywords

Search

Navigation