Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

From epistemology toGnoseology: Foundations of the knowledge industry

  • Published:
AI & SOCIETY Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the foundations for setting up a knowledge industry are laid. Firstly, it is established that this industry constitutes the only way of making use of the huge amounts of knowledge produced as a result of the introduction of the Science-Technology binomial in postindustrial society. Then, the elements which will lead to such an industry are defined, that is, the resources and means. Under the ‘Means’ section, special emphasis is placed on the processes involved, in other words, inference methods and commonsense reasoning. Finally, it is concluded that the establishment of this industry, calledmindfacturing because of the raw material that it processes and uses, is, more than possible, desirable, provided that the precautions outlined in the epilogue are taken.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aristotle (1941).The Basic Works of Aristotle. R. Mackcon (ed.), Random House, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle (1981).Política. Alianza Editorial. Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, F. (1984).Novum Organum. Sarpe, Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, D. (1973).The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, Basic Books, Harpers Colophon Books. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, D. C. and Broadbent, D. E. (1986). Expert Systems and Man-Machine Interface,Expert Systems 3 (4).

  • Boole, G. (1847).The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, Being an Essay Towards a Calculus of Deductive Reasoning. MacMillan, Barclay and George Bell, Cambridge and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boole, G. (1854).An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on which are founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities. MacMillan. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, L. (1974).Through the Looking Glass. Puffin Books. Great Britain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crescendo, L. (1987).Historia de la Filosofia Griega. Segunda Parte. Sex Barral. Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charniak, E. (1988). Motivation Analysis, Abductive Unification and Non-monotonic Equality.Artificial Intelligence,24.

  • Charniak, E. and McDermott, D. (1985).Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charniak, E. and McDermott, D. (1988).Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley. Reading, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Descartes, R. (1977).Discurso del Método y Meditaciones Metafísicas. Reglas para la Dirección del Espíritu. Editorial Porrúa, S. A. Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eco, H. (1986). Intelectuales y Poder,Diario 16. Madrid. 28, November.

  • Feigenbaum, E. A. (1977). The Art of Artificial Intelligence: Themes and Case Studies in Knowledge Engineering, Proc. IJCAI,5.

  • Galileo, G. (1638).Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche. Elsevirii, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, M. (1973).Máquinas Lógicas y Diagramas. Grijalbo, S. A. Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gödel, K. (1931). Über Formal Unentscheidbare Sätze Der Principia Mathematica Und Vernandter Systeme I,Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik,XXXVIII.

  • Graham, I. and Jones, P. L. (1988).Expert Systems. Knowledge Uncertainty and Decision. Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, D. (1984).Los Nuevos Alquimistas. Planeta, S. A. Barcelona, Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassenstein, B. (1966). Kybernetik und biologische Forschung. In L. von Bertalanffy and F. Gessner (eds.)Handbuch der Biologie,1. Athenaion, Frankfurt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes-Roth, F. (1989). Towards Benchmarks for Knowledge Systems and their Implications for Data Engineering.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.1 (1).

  • Heisenberg, W. (1976).La Imagen de la Naturaleza en la Fisica Actual. Ariel. Barcelona, Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbes, T. (1975). Leviatán. In W. Molesworth (ed.)The English Works of Thomas Hobbes III. London. Spanish Edition, Sarpe, Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Josephson, J. R. et al. (1987). A Mechanism for Forming Composite Explanatory Hypotheses,IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics,SMC-7, 3.

  • Junger, E. (1987).Obras Completas. Tusquets, Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunda, Z. (1985).Motivation and Inference Self-serving Generation and Evaluation Causal Theories. PhD Dissertation. University of Michigan, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurzweil, R. (1990).Intelligent Machines. The MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laita, L. M. (1977). The Influence of Boole's Search for a Universal Method in Analysis on the Creation of his Logic,Annals of Science,34.

  • Langley, P., Zytkow, J. M., Simon, H. A. and Bradshaw, G. L. (1987). The Search for Regularity: Four Aspects of Scientific Discovery. InScientific Discovery: Computational Explorations of the Creative Processes. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leibnitz, G. W. (1903).Opuscules et Fragments Inédits, Calculi Universalis Elementa. Extraits des Manuscrites de la Bibliothèque Royale de Hanovre par Louis Coufurat, Félix Alcan. Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. (1959). Programs with Common Sense. InProceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. (1962). Time-Sharing Computing System. In M. Greenberger (ed.)Management and the Computer of the Future. MIT Press Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. (1977). Epistemological Problems of Artificial Intelligence.Proceedings of IJCAI.

  • McCarthy, J. (1980). Circumscription. A Form of Non-monotonic Reasoning.Artificial Intelligence,13 (1).

  • McHale, J. (1976).The Changing Information Environment. Westview Press, Boulder, Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalski, R. S. and Negri, P. (1977). An Experiment on Inductive Learning in Chess End Games. In E. W. Elcock and D. Michie (eds.)Machine Representation of Knowledge, Machine Intelligence,8, Ellis Horwood, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mill, J. S. (1872).A System of Logic. MacMillan, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minsky, M. (1988).The Society of Mind, Simon and Schuster. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mumford, T. (1973).Technics and Civilizations. Harcourt, Brace and World, A Harbinger Book. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer, R. (1945).Speech to the Los Alamos Scientists' Association. Ca.

  • Pascal, B. (1932).Pensées. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pazos, J. (1986). La inteligencia Artificial y sus Implicaciones Educativas.Bordón,261. January–February.

  • Pazos, J. (1987). La Ingeniería del Conocimiento y su Aplicación en el Sistema Educativo,Bordón,269. Madrid. September–October.

  • Pazos, J. (1990). La Industria del Conocimiento: Un Futuro Inexorable.ICADE.21.

  • Peano, G. (1903).Formulaire Mathematique. Bocca Frènes/Ch. Clausen, Libraires, Turin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peirce, C. S. (1955).Philosophical Writing of Peirce. J. Buchier (ed.). Dover Publications. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Y. and J. Reggia (1986). Plausibility and the Nature of Simplicity.Proc. Fifth National Conference AI. MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plato (1966).Taetetes. Opere, 2 vols. Laterza, Bari.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popel, H. E. Jr. (1973). On the Mechanization of Abductive Logic.Proc. of the Third Int. Joint Conference on AI, Standford, Ca.

  • Popel, H. E. Jr. (1982). Heuristic Methods for Imposing Structure on III-Structured Problems. The Structuring of Medical Diagnostic. In P. Scolovitzs (ed.)Artificial Intelligence Medecine, Westview Press Inc. Boulder, Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Punch III, W. F. et al. (1990). Peirce A Tool for Experimentation with Abduction.IEEE Expert. October.

  • Quinlan, J. R. (1979). Discovery Rules by Induction for Large Collections of Examples. In D. Michie (ed.)Expert Systems in the Microelectronic Age. Edinburgh University Press.

  • Salomon (1988).Proverbs. InHoly Bible. The Gideons International, Nashville, Tennessee.

    Google Scholar 

  • Servan-Schreibert, J. J. with B. Crecine (1986).The Knowledge Revolution. Carnegie Mellon Press. Pittsburgh, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, M. and Gaines, B. R. (1989). Knowledge Acquisition: Some Foundations, Manual Methods and Future Trends.Proc. EKAW 89. Paris, July.

  • Smith, J. W. J. et al. (1987).PATHEX: Integrating Thigh-Level Tools for Diagnostic Reasoning. Tech. Report, LAIR, Dept. of CIS, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stonier, T. (1984). The Knowledge Industry. In R. Forsyth (ed.)Expert Systems. Principles and Case Studies. Chapman and Hall Computing, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsu, L. (1972).Tao Te Chung. Vintage Books, Random House, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsu, S. (1963).The Art of War. The Clarendon Press. Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unamuno, M. (1961).Del Sentimiento Trágico de la Vida en los Hombres y los Pueblos. Azteca, S. A. Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weizenbaum, J. (1976).Computer Power and Human Reason. W. H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco, Ca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiener, N. (1950).The Human Use of Human Beings. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain

    F. Alonso-Amo, J. L. Maté, J. L. Morant & J. Pazos

Authors
  1. F. Alonso-Amo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. L. Maté
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. L. Morant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Pazos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Alonso-Amo, F., Maté, J.L., Morant, J.L. et al. From epistemology toGnoseology: Foundations of the knowledge industry. AI & Soc 6, 140–165 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472778

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472778

Keywords

Search

Navigation