Abstract
For single-pass counterflow dialysers, an equation has been derived which incorporates flow rates in blood and dialysate compartments, blood volume, overall diffusion coefficient of the substance involved and geometrical membrane properties. To verify the theory effects of flow in the blood and dialysate compartments, on mass transfer of sodium through the membranes in a Kiil dialyser were studied inin vitro experiments, using water/water and blood/dialysate systems. The geometrical properties of the membranes and the overall diffusion co-efficient of sodium were determined. The latter was less in the blood/dialysate system than in the water/water system. The efficiency of this dialyser was expressed as a clearance. The flow dependency of the clearance appeared to be asymptotic as demonstrated empirically by many investigators. Actual experimental points followed the theoretical curves and verified the theory. The theory has to be extended to cope within vivo experiments.
Somaaire
Pour les dialyseurs à contre-courant avec un seul passage, on a conçu une équation qui incorpore les rythmes d'écoulement dans les compartiments de sang et de dialysate, le volume de sang, le coefficient de diffusion globale de la substance impliquée et les propriétés géométriques de la membrane. Pour vérifier la théorie, on a étudié les effets de l'ècoulement dans les compartiments de sang et de dialysate, sur le transfert en masse du sodium à travers les membranes dans un dialyseur de Kiil dans des expériencesin vitro, en utilisant des systèmes eau/eau et sang/dialysate. On a déterminé les propriétés géométriques des membranes et le coefficient de la diffusion globale du sodium. Le dernier a été moindre dans le système sang/dialysate que dans le système eau/eau. L'efficacité de ce dialyseur a lété presentée comme un dégagement. La dépendance de l'écoulement du dégagement paraît être asymptotique, comme démontré empiriquement par des nombreux investigateurs. Des points expérimentaux positifs ont suivi les courbes théoriques et ont vérifié la théorie. La théorie doit être élargie pour concourir avec les expériencesin vivo.
Zusammenfassung
Eine Gleichung für Einzeldurchgang-Gegenstrom Dialysatoren ist abgeleitet worden, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten im Blut und in Dialysierabschnitten, Blutvolumen, gesamten Diffusionskoeffizieten der enthaltenen Substanz und geometrische Membraneigenschaften vereinigt. Zur Bestätigung der Theorie wurden Wirkungen des Stroms in Blut und Dialysierabschnitten auf Massenübergang von Natrium durch die Membranen in einem Kiil Dialysator in Experimenten in vitro bei Verwendung von Wasser/Wasser und Blut/Dialysier Systemen untersucht. Es wurden die geometrischen Eigenschaften der Membranen und der Gesamtdiffusionskoeffizient von Natrium ermittelt. Letzterer war kleiner in dem Blut/Dialysier System als in dem Wasser/Wasser System. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Dialysators wurde als Freimachung ausgedrückt. Die Abhängigkeit des Stromes von der Freimachung schien asymptotisch zu sein, wie auf empirische Weise von vielen Prüfern gezeigt worden ist. Wirkliche experimentelle Punkte folgten den theoretischen Kurven und bestätigten die Theorie. Die Theorie muss erweitert werden, um sich mit in vivo Experimenten zu befassen.
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Abbreviations
- Q 1 cm3 s−1 :
-
flow in blood compartment
- Q 2 cm3 s−1 :
-
flow in dialysate compartment
- C 10 moles cm−3 :
-
initial blood concentration of the substance to be removed
- C 1 moles cm−3 :
-
blood concentration of substance to be removed at point of inlet to the dialyser at any timet
- Ωx cm:
-
effective thickness of membrane
- S cm2 :
-
effective surface area of membrane
- D cm2 s−1 :
-
overall diffusion coefficient of substance to be removed through the triple laminate composed of stationary fluid film on the blood side, wet membrane and stationary fluid film on the dialysate side
- V 1 cm3 :
-
total volume of the blood compartment.
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De Boer, J., Stinson, R.H. Rationalization and optimization of hemodialysis procedure—III. Med. & biol. Engng. 10, 35–42 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02474566
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02474566