Zusammenfassung
Die Wirkung von 9 Handelspräparaten von Insektiziden (ein Carbamat, 2 Organophosphate, 4 chlorierte Hydrocarbone und 2 chlorierte Phosphorverbindungen) auf das Vorkommen vonCoccinella undecimpunctata undScymnus interruptus in einer Baumwoll-Plantage in Assiut (Ober-Ägypten) wurde geprüft Eine Fläche von 2 Feddan (= 8400 m2) wurde willkürlich in 40 Parzellen geteilt (4 Kontrollparzellen und 4 × 9 Behandlungsflächen) gemäß einem vollständig zufälligen Block-System. Die Käfer wurden in situ auf 50 Sträuchern pro Fläche knapp vor der Behandlung und am 3., 7. und 10, Tag hernach gezählt. Die Behandlung wurde viermal in Intervallen von 15 Tagen, beginnend Mitte Juni, wiederholt. Die Ergebnisse waren folgende:
1. Die stärkste Anfangswirkung gegenCoccinella hatte Toxaphen/DDT/Delnav, Sevin, Lebaycid und Methyl-Parathion (70–72% Sterblichkeit in 3 Tagen nach der ersten Behandlung). Die geringste Anfangswirkung hatte Toxaphen/Dilan (um 43% Sterblichkeit in 3 Tagen).
2. Die stärkste Anfangswirkung gegenScymnus hatte Sevin (um 88% Sterblichkeit in 3 Tagen) gefolgt von Toxaphen (76% Sterblichkeit). Die geringste Anfangswirkung hatte Toxaphen/Dilan (um 29% Sterblichkeit).
3. Die Anfangswirkung stieg mit der Zeit nur in einigen Fällen an, z. B. bei Sevin und Lebaycid gegenCoccinella und bei Toxaphen/Dilan und Toxaphen/DDT/Delnav gegen.Scymnus.
4.Scymnus scheint gegen gewisse Verbindungen empfindlicher zu sein alsCoccinella, z. B. gegen Sevin und Toxaphen, und weniger empfindlich gegen andere Verbindungen, z. B. Lebaycid.
5. In den meisten Fällen stieg bei Wiederholung der Behandlung die reduzierende Wirkung bei beiden Insekten-Arten an. Solch eine verstärkte Wirkung von Sevin aufCoccinella trat bald und stetig ein.
Summary
The effect of nine commercial insecticides (one carbamate, 2 phosphorous compounds, 4 chlorinated hydrocarbons and 2 combinatins of chlorinated and phosphorous compounds) on the abundance ofCoccinella undecimpunctata andScymnus interruptus on cotton was tested in an area of two Feddans (= 8400 square meters). The area was divided into 40 plots (4 controls and 4 × 9 treatments) according to a complete randomized block system. The beetles were counted in situ on 50 bushes/plot immediately before treatment and on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day thereafter. Application was repeated 4 times at 15 days intervals beginning from mid June. The results showed that:
1. The strongest initial effect onCoccinella was that of toxaphene/DDT/delnav, sevin, lebaycid and methyl-parathion (70%–72% mortality in three days after the first application); the weakest initial effect was that of toxaphene/dilan (about 43% mortality in 3 days).
2. The strongest initial effect onScymnus was that of sevin (about 88% mortality in 3 days), followed by toxaphene (about 76% mortality). The weakest initial effect was that of toxaphene/dilan (about 29% mortality).
3. The initial effect increased by time only in a few cases, e. g. that of sevin and lebaycid onCoccinella and that of toxaphene/dilan and toxaphene/DDT/delnav onScymnus.
4.Scymnus seems to be more sensitive thanCoccinella to certain compounds, e. g. sevin and toxaphene and less sensitive to other compounds e. g. lebaycid.
5. In most cases repetition of application resulted in an increasing detrimental effect on both insect species. Such a cumulative effect was readily observed and rather steady in the case of sevin onCoccinella.
Literaturverzeichnis
Ahmed, M. K., L. D. Newson, R. S. Emerson andJ. S. Roussel, 1954: The effect of systox on some common predators of the cotton aphids. J. econ. Ent.,47, 445–449.
Bartlett, B. R., 1953: Retentive toxicity of field-weathered insecticide residues to entomophagous insects associated with citrus pests in California. J. econ. Ent.,46, 565–569.
Campbell, W. V., andR. E. Hutchins, 1952: Toxicity of insecticides to some predaceous insects on cotten. J. econ. Ent.,45, 829–833.
De Bach, P., 1946: An insecticidal check method for measuring the efficiency of entomophagous insects. J. econ. Ent.,39, 695–697.
De Bach, P., 1946: Detrimental effect of rotenone onRodalia cardinalis. J. econ. Ent.,39, 821.
De Bach, P., andE. Bartlett, 1951: Effect of insecticides on biological control of insect pests of citrus. J. econ. Ent.,44, 372–383.
Gaines, R. C., 1954: Effect on beneficial insects of several insecticides applied for cotton insects control. J. econ. Ent.,47, 543–544.
Gaines, R. C., 1955: Effect on beneficial insects of three insecticides mixtures applied for cotten insect control. J. econ. Ent.,48, 477–478.
Glick, P. A., andW. B. Lattimora Jr., 1954: The relations of the insecticides to the insect populations in cotton fields. J. econ. Ent.,47, 681–684.
Hafez, Mostafa, 1960: The effect of some new insecticides on predators of the cotton leaf-worm in cotton fields. Agric. Res. Rev. (Cairo),38, 47–79.
Hassan, A. G., M. M. Hosny andA. A. Soliman, 1960: Analysis of the relative abundance of some beneficial insects on cotton plants treated by certain insecticides. Bull. Soc. entom. Egypte,44, 179–184.
Heathcote, G. D., 1963: The effect of coccinellids on aphids infesting insecticide-treated sugar beet. Plant Pathol.,12, 80–83.
Hassanein, M. H., A. M. Afify andH. Th. Farghaly, 1968: Daily and seasonal density of four entomophagous predators on cotton in Upper Egypt. Entomophaga,13, (2), 143–150.
Ibrahim, M. M., 1962: An indication of the widespread use of pesticides on the population of some predators in cotton fields. Bull. Soc. entom. Egypte,46, 317–323.
Lord, F. T., 1956: The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova-Scoita. IX: Studies on means of altering predator populations. Canad. Ent.,88, 129–137.
Macphee, A. W., 1953: The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova-Scotia. V: The predaceous thripsHaplethrips faurei Hood. Canad. Ent.,85, 33–40.
Newson, L. D., andC. E. Smith, 1949: Destrucition of certain insect predators by applications of insecticides to control cotton pests. J. Econ. Ent.,42, 904–908.
Putman, W. L., 1956: Differences in susceptibility of two species ofChrysopa to DDT. Canad. Ent.,88, 520–522.
Ripper, W. E., R. N. Greensland andG. S. Hartlay, 1951: Selective insecticides and biological control. J. econ. Ent.,44, 448–459.
Shipp, O. E., D. A. Lindquist andJ. R. Brazzel, 1963: Characteristics of residues of methyl-parathion applied to field cotton. J. econ. Ent.,56, 793–798.
Shorey, H. H., 1963: Differential toxicity of insecticides to the cabbage aphid and two associated entomophagous insect species. J. econ. Ent.,56, 844 bis 847.
Smith, H. S., andP. de Bach, 1942: The measurement of the effect of entomophagous insects on population densities of their hosts. J. econ. Ent.,35, 845 bis 849.
Smith, R. F., andS. Hagen Kenneth, 1959: Integrated control programs in the future of biological control. J. econ. Ent.,52, 1106–1108.
Stern, Vernon M., R. van den Bosch andT. R. Harold, 1960: Effects of dylox and other insecticides on entomophagous insects attacking field crop pests in California. J. econ. Ent.,53, 67–72.
Ullyett, G. C., 1948: Insecticides programs and biological control in South Africa. J. econ. En.,41, 337–339.
Van den Bosch, R., H. T. Reynolds andE. J. Diotrick, 1956: Toxicity of widely used insecticides to beneficial insects in California cotten- and alfalfa fields. J. econ Ent.,49, 359–363.
Woglum, R. S., J. R. la Follette, W. E. London andH. C. Lewis, 1947: The effect of field applied insecticides on the beneficial insects of citrus trees in California. J. econ. Ent.,40, 818–820.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Afify, A.M., Farghaly, H.T. & Hassanein, M.H. Freiland-Untersuchungen über die Wirkung verschiedener Insektizide auf das Vorkommen von zwei entomophagenCoccinelliden an Baumwolle in Oberägypten. Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 42, 8–13 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02026564
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02026564