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The phasing of the cycle of motor activity in the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax

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Summary and Conclusions

  1. 1.

    The spontaneous locomotor activity of groups of fiddler crabs which were collected from two different beaches where comparable tidal events differ by four hours was recorded under constant laboratory conditions during two different periods in the summer of 1959.

  2. 2.

    During the first 24 hours in the laboratory, the phases of the cycles of activity of tidal or lunar-day frequency were correlated with tidal phases which obtain in the original habitats of the crabs.

  3. 3.

    Gradually the interval of time between peaks of activity for the two groups of animals shortened, and by the seventh or eighth day of observation, the peaks were essentially synchronous, and correlated with the times of zenith and nadir of the moon. These relationships continued through the remainder of the periods of observation.

  4. 4.

    These results show that although the phases of such cycles can be set in adaptive relationships with actual tidal events in the organism's natural environment, the cycles are correlated primarily with lunar events.

  5. 5.

    It is suggested that further study and comparison of the indicators of lunar rhythmicity, color change and locomotor activity, in this species, may be especially helpful in the working out of the mechanisms by which phases of such cycles are set and regulated.

Zusammenfassung

Während zweier Perioden im Sommer 1959 wurde die Laufaktivität von Winkerkrabben (Uca pugnax), die von Chappaquoit Beach (Massachusetts) und von Lagoon Pond, Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts) gesammelt wurden, im Laboratorium (Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole) unter konstanten Licht- und Temperaturbedingungen registriert. Chappaquoit, Lagoon Pond und Woods Hole liegen innerhalb eines Radius von etwa sechs Meilen; die Zeiten von Ebbe und Flut sind jedoch an diesen Stellen sehr unterschiedlich: Zwischen Chappaquoit und Lagoon Pond beträgt der Unterschied 4 Std, zwischen Chappaquoit und Woods Hole nur 1,5 Std.

In ihrer natürlichen Umgebung am Strand läuft und frißt Uca vor der Zeit des Niedrigwassers. Am 1. Tag der Untersuchung im Laboratorium unter konstanten Bedingungen entsprachen die Phasen der Laufaktivität der beiden Gruppen den Phasen der Gezeiten an dem entsprechenden Biotop: Die Phasen der Tiere von Lagoon Pond lagen also später als die der Tiere von Chappaquoit.

Allmählich wurde der Unterschied zwischen den Phasenlagen der beiden Gruppen kürzer; am 7. oder 8. Tag stimmten sie überein und fielen mit den Phasen des Mondumlaufes (Zenit oder Nadir) zusammen.

Demnach werden in Anpassung an die Umwelt unter natürlichen Bedingungen (unter dem Einfluß von Ebbe und Flut) die Aktivitätsphasen durch von den Gezeiten stammende Faktoren reguliert; primär wird der Aktivitätszyklus jedoch von den Faktoren des Mondumlaufes bestimmt.

Der Unterschied zwischen dem Rhythmus des Farbwechsels von Uca und dem Aktivitätsrhythmus wird diskutiert.

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Literature Cited

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This study was aided by a contract, NONR 122803, between the Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, and Northwestern University.

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Bennett, M.F. The phasing of the cycle of motor activity in the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax . Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie 47, 431–437 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00343145

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00343145

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