References
Balner, H., van Vreeswijk, W., Roger, J. H., and D'Amaro, J. The major histocompatibility complex of chimpanzees: Identification of several new antigens controlled by the A and B loci of ChLA. Tissue Antigens 12: 1–18, 1978
Belich, M. P., Madrigal, J. A., Hildebrand, W. H., Zemmour, J., Williams, R. C., Luz, R., Petzl-Erler, M. L., and Parham, P. Unusual HLA-B alleles in two tribes of Brazilian Indians. Nature 357: 326–329, 1992
Chen, Z. W., McAdam, S. N., Hughes, A. L., Dogon, A. L., Letvin, N. L., and Watkins, D. I. Molecular cloning of orangutan and gibbon MHC class I gDNAs: the HLA-A and -B loci diverged over 30 million years ago. J Immunol 148: 2547–2554, 1992
Dorf, M. E. and Metzgar, R. S. The distribution of human HL-A antigens in chimpanzees and gorillas. Medical Primatology Proc. 2nd Conf. Exp. Med. Surg. Primates, pp. 12–23, Karger, Basel New York, 1970
Howard, J. C. Fast forward in the MHC. Nature 357: 284–285, 1992
Kato, K., Trapani, J. A., Allopenna, J., Dupont, B., and Yang, S. Y. Molecular analysis of the serologically defined HLA-Aw19 antigens. J Immunol 143: 3371–3378, 1989
Lawlor, D. A., Ward, F. E., Ennis, P. D., Jackson, A. P., and Parham, P. HLA-A and B polymorphism predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. Nature 335: 268–271, 1988
Lawlor, D. A., Warren, E., Ward, F. E., Parham, P. Comparison of class I MHC alleles in humans and apes. Immunol Rev 113: 147–185, 1990
Lawlor, D. A., Warren, E., Taylor, P., and Parham, P. Gorilla class I major histocompatibility complex alleles: comparison to human and chimpanzee class I. J Exp Med 174: 1491–1509, 1991
Little, A. M., Madrigal, J. A., and Parham, P. Molecular definition of an elusive third HLA-A9 molecule: HLA-A9.3. Immunogenetics 35: 41–44, 1992
Mayer, W. E., Jonker, M., Klein, D., Ivanyi, P., van Seventer, G., and Klein, J. Nucleotide sequences of chimpanzee MHC class I alleles: evidence for trans-species mode of evolution. EMBO J 7: 2765–2774, 1988
Parham, P., Lawlor, D. A., Lomen, C. E., and Ennis, P. D. Diversity and diversification of HLA-A,B,C alleles. J Immunol 142: 3937–3950, 1989
Saitou, N. and Nei, M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406–425, 1987
Watkins, D. I., Letvin, N. L., Hughes, A. L., and Tedder, T. F. Molecular cloning of cDNAs that encode MHC class I molecules from a New World Primate (Saguinus oedipus): natural selection acts as positions that may affect peptide presentation to T cells. J Immunol 144: 1136–1143, 1990a
Watkins, D. I., Chen, Z. W., Hughes, A. L., Evans, M. G., Tedder, T. F., and Letvin, N. L. Evolution of the MHC class I genes of a New World Primate from ancestral homologues of human nonclassical genes. Nature 346: 60–63, 1990b
Watkins, D. I., Garber, T. L., Chen, Z. W., Toukatly, G., Hughes, A. L., and Letvin, N. L. Unusually limited nucleotide sequence variation of the expressed major histocompatibility complex class I genes of a New World Primate species (Saguinus oedipus). Immunogenetics 33: 79–89, 1991a
Watkins, D. I., Chen, Z. W., Garber, T. L., Hughes, A. L., and Letvin, N. L. Segmental exchange between MHC class I genes in a higher primate. Recombination in the gorilla between the ancestor of a human non-functional gene and an A locus gene. Immunogenetics 34: 185–191, 1991b
Watkins, D. I., McAdam, S. N., Liu, X., Strang, C. R., Milford, E. L., Levine, C. G., Garber, T. L., Dogon, A. L., Lord, C. I., Ghim, S. H., Troup, G. M., Hughes, A. L., and Letvin, N. L. New recombinant HLA-B alleles in a tribe of South American Amerindians suggest that the MHC class I loci can evolve rapidly. Nature 357: 329–333, 1992
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers M55244 (MhcPatr-A5) and M55245 (MhcPatr-A6).
Correspondence to: D. I. Watkins.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Z.W., Hughes, A.L., Ghim, S.H. et al. Two more chimpanzee Patr-A locus alleles related to the HLA-A1/A2/A11 family. Immunogenetics 38, 238–240 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211524
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211524