Skip to main content
Log in

Fine structure of the optic cusion in the asteroid Nepanthia belcheri

  • Published:
Marine Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The optic cushion of Nepanthia belcheri (Perrier) is a prominent pigmented sense organ situated on the oral surface below the terminal tentacle. The distal region contains up to 170 optic cups, whilst proximally are numerous pyriform glandular cells traversed by supporting fibres. The outer margin of the optic cup is formed by alternating pigmented and photoreceptor cells. The pigmented cells contain numerous densely staining granules of scarlet pigment. The distal ends of the photoreceptors are elaborated into many long microvilli regularly arranged about a modified cilium. There is a clear circumciliary space delimiting the cilium from the microvilli.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Castilla, J. C.: Responses to light of Asterias rubens L. Proc. 4th Eur. mar. Biol. Symp. 4, 495–511 (1971) (Ed. by D. J. Crisp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, J. L. S.: The significance of the radial nerve cords in asteroids and echinoids. Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat. 108, 457–474 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorsett, D. A. and R. Hyde: The fine structure of the lens and photoreceptors of Nereis virens. Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat. 85, 243–255 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eakin, R. M.: Line of evolution of photoreceptors. In: General physiology of cell specialization, pp 393–425. Ed. by D. Mazia A. Tyler. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Eakin, R. M.: Evolution of photoreceptors. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 30, 363–370 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eakin, R. M.: Structure of invertebrate photoreceptors. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, Vol VII/1. pp 626–683. Ed. by H. J. A. Darnall. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Eakin, R. M. and J. L. Brandenburger: Differentiation in the eye of a pulmonate snail, Helix aspersa. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 18, 391–421 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eakin, R. M. and J. A. Westfall: Fine structure of photoreceptors in the hydromedusan, Polyorchis penicillatus. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 48, 826–833 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eakin, R. M. and J. A. Westfall: Electron microscopy of photoreceptors in two species of Onychophora. Am. Zool. 4, p. 434 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Engster, M. S. and S. C. Brown: Histology and ultrastructure of the tube foot epithelium in the phanerozonian starfish, Astropecten. Tissue Cell 4, 503–518 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartline, H. K., H. G. Wagner and E. F. MacNichol: The peripheral origin of nervous activity in the visual system. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 17, 125–141 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermans, C. O. and R. M. Eakin: Fine structure of the cerebral ocelli of a sipunculid, Phascolosoma agassizii. Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat. 100, 325–339 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, L. H.: The invertebrates: Echinodermata. Vol. 4. i–vii +763 pp. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1955

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawaguti, S.: Electron microscopy of the radial nerve of a starfish. Biol. J. Okayama Univ. 11, 41–52 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawaguti, S., Y. Kamishima and K. Kobashi: Electron microscopy on the radial nerve of the sea-urchin. Biol. J. Okayama Univ. 11, 87–95 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Millott, N. and H. G. Vevers: Carotenoid pigments in the optic cushion of Marthasterias glacialis (L.). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 34, 279–287 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, E. S.: The complex behaviour of echinoderms. In: Physiology of Echinodermata, pp 157–218. Ed. by R. A. Boolootian. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. E.: On the nervous system of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis (L.). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (Ser. B) 227, 111–173 (1937)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. E.: Echinodermata. In: Structure and function in the nervous systems of invertebrates. Vol. 2. pp 1519–1558. Ed. by T. H. Bullock and G. A. Horridge. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co. 1965

    Google Scholar 

  • Spurr, A. R.: A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 26, 31–43 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaupel von Harnack, M.: Über den Feinbau des Nervensystems des Seesternes (Asterias rubens L.). III. Mitteilung. Über die Struktur der Augenpolster. Z. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat. 60, 432–451 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, M.: Photosensitivity. In: Physiology of Echnodermata, pp 435–464. Ed. by R. A. Boolootian. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, M. and H. Ohtsuki: Compound ocellus of a starfish: its function. Science, N.Y. 153, 197–198 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, M. and H. Ohtsuki: The phototactic behaviour of the starfish, Asterias amurensis Lutken. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole 134, 516–532 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by G. F. Humphrey, Sydney

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Penn, P.E., Alexander, C.G. Fine structure of the optic cusion in the asteroid Nepanthia belcheri . Marine Biology 58, 251–256 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00390773

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00390773

Keywords

Navigation