Selective determination of antimony(III) and antimony(V) in liver tissue by microwave-assisted mineralization and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

Antimony(III) and antimony(V) species have been selectively determined in liver tissues by optimizing the acidic conditions for the evolution of stibine using the reduction with sodium borohydride. The results show that a response for Sb(III) of 0.5 to 20 μg l⁻¹ was selectively obtained from samples in a 1 mol l₋₁ acetic acid medium. The best response for total antimony from 1 to 20 μg l⁻¹ is obtained after sample treatment with a 0.5 mol l⁻¹ sulfuric acid and 10% w/v potassium iodide. Microwave digestion has been necessary to release quantitatively antimony species from sample slurries. The amount of Sb(V) was calculated from the difference between the value for total antimony and Sb(III) concentrations. A relative standard deviation from 2.9 to 3.1% and a detection limit of 0.15 and 0.10 μg l⁻¹ for Sb(III) and total Sb has been obtained. The average accuracy exceeded 95% in all cases comparing the results obtained from recovery studies, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and the analysis of certified reference materials.