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Molecule formation in electrothermal atomizers: Interferences and analytical possibilities by absorption, emission and fluorescence processes

Molekülbildung in elektrothermischen Atomisatoren: Störungen und analytische Möglichkeiten durch Absorptions-, Emissions- und Fluorescenzprozesse

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Zusammenfassung

Es wird die Bildung von stabilen, vorwiegend 2-atomigen Molekülen in Graphitrohrküvetten beschrieben. Es wird festgestellt, daß auch die modernen isothermen Verdampfungstechniken bei Molekülen mit Dissoziationsenergien > 3–4 eV nicht zur vollständigen Dissoziation führen. Systematische Fehler von AA-Resultaten sind die Folge.

Systematische Untersuchungen zur Anwendung 2-atomiger Moleküle vom MX-Typ (z. B. AlF) für die Spurenanalyse von Nichtmetallen (X) werden beschrieben. Umfangreiche Ergebnisse werden zur Molekülabsorption mit elektrothermischer Verdampfung (MAS-ETV) angeführt. Spurenbestimmungen im Nanogramm-Bereich (Mikroliter-Proben) sind möglich für F, Cl, Br, S und I bzw. deren Anionen.

Prinzipien der Überanregung werden zur Verbesserung der Nachweisgrenzen von Nichtmetallen auf 2-atomige Moleküle angewendet. Die Anwendung der nichtthermischen FANES-Anregung führt zur Entwicklung der neuen Methode MONES-ETV (Molekül-nichtthermische Emissionsspektroskopie mit elektrothermischer Verdampfung) mit Nachweisgrenzen unterhalb des Nanogramm-Bereichs für F, Cl und Br durch InX-Moleküle. Die Anwendung des Prinzips der laserangeregten Atomfluorescenz führt zur neuen Methode LAMOFS-ETV (laserangeregte Molekülfluorescenzspektrometrie mit elektrothermischer Verdampfung) mit den bisher besten Nachweisgrenzen von einigen Picogramm für F, Cl, Br durch Anwendung der AlBr, InCl und MgF-Moleküle.

Summary

The formation of stable diatomic molecules in graphite tube furnaces is described. It is also shown that the new isothermal evaporation techniques in AAS do not lead to complete dissociation of molecules with dissociation energies > 3–4 eV. Systematic errors of AA results follow.

Systematic studies of the application of diatomic molecules (MX-type) for trace analysis of non-metals (X) were carried out. Many results are given for molecular absorption with electrothermal evaporation (MAS-ETE). Trace determinations in ng level (μl samples) for F, Cl, Br, S and I and their anions are possible. Examples for real analysis are given.

Principles of “over-excitation” for improvement of detection limits of non-metals are applied to diatomic molecules.

The application of the non-thermal FANES excitation leads to the development of the new method MONES-ETE (molecular non-thermal emission spectrometry with electrothermal evaporation) with detection limits below 1 ng for F, Cl, Br using InX molecules.

The application of the principle of laser excited fluorescence leads to the new method LAMOFS-ETE (laser excited molecular fluorescence with electrothermal evaporation) with the upto now best detection limits for F, Cl, Br at pg level using AlBr, InCl, MgF molecules.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig, Sektion Chemie, WB Analytik, Talstr. 35, DDR-7010, Leipzig, German Democratic Republic

    K. Dittrich, B. Hanisch & H. -J. Stärk

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  1. K. Dittrich
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  2. B. Hanisch
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  3. H. -J. Stärk
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Dittrich, K., Hanisch, B. & Stärk, H.J. Molecule formation in electrothermal atomizers: Interferences and analytical possibilities by absorption, emission and fluorescence processes. Z. Anal. Chem. 324, 497–506 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00470404

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