Abstract
Superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium species, strain Takeo, has been purified to homogeneity as judged by disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The enzyme was found to have a molecular weight of approximately 61 500 by sedimentation equilibrium and to contain manganese by atomic absorption and electron spin resonance spectra. The amino acid composition was also determined. The enzyme was considerably stable to the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate; unless incubating at 80°C for 2 min, it was not completely dissociated into the subunits. The molecular weight of the subunit was found to be approximately 21 000. Antibodies against the superoxide dismutase were produced by immunization of rabbits with the enzyme, and the γ-globulin fraction was purified. Superoxide dismutase preparations obtained from various species of mycobacteria and nocardia cross-reacted to different degrees with these antibodies on the Ouchterlony double diffusion plates. Comparative immunological studies indicated that strain Takeo might be most closely related to Myobacterium smegmatis among species of mycobacteria and nocardia tested. The antibodies against superoxide dismutase may be used as a valuable tool for the classification of mycobacteria.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beauchamp, C. O., Fridovich, I.: Superoxide dismutase: Improved assay and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analyt. Biochem. 44, 276–287 (1971)
Cocks, G. T., Wilson, A. C.: Enzyme evolution in the Enterobacteriaeae. J. Bact. 110, 793–802 (1972)
Darnall, D. W., Klotz, I. M.: Subunit constitution of proteins: A table. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 166, 651–682 (1975)
Davis, B. J.: Disc gel electrophoresis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 121, 404–427 (1964)
Fish, W. W., Mann, K. G., Tanford, C.: The estimation of polypeptide chain molecular weights by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. J. biol. Chem. 244, 4989–4994 (1969)
Fridovich, I.: Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutase. Accounts Chem. Res. 5, 321–326 (1972)
Fridovich, I.: Superoxide dismutases. Advanc. Enzymol. 41, 35–97 (1974)
Gasser, F., Gasser, C.: Immunological relation among lactic acid dehydrogenases in the genera Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc. J. Bact. 106, 113–125 (1971)
Gregory, E. M., Fridovich, I.: Induction of superoxide dismutase by molecular oxygen. J. Bact. 114, 543–548 (1973a)
Gregory, E. M., Fridovich, I.: Oxygen toxicity and superoxide dismutases. J. Bact. 114, 1193–1197 (1973b)
Kakiuchi, K., Williams, J. W.: Sedimentation analysis of a multiple myeloma γ-globulin and one of its mercaptoethylamine reaction products. J. biol. Chem. 241, 2781–2786 (1966)
Keele, B. B., Jr., McCord, J. M., Fridovich, I.: Superoxide dismutase from Escherichia coli B: A new manganese-containing enzyme. J. biol. Chem. 245, 6176–6181 (1970)
Kusunose, E., Kusunose, M., Kowa, Y., Yamamura, Y.: The synthesis of fatty acids in the cell-free extracts of Mycobacterium avium. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 47, 689–693 (1960)
Kusunose, M., Kusunose, E., Kowa, Y., Yamamura, Y.: Carbon dioxide fixation into malonate in Mycobacterium avium. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 46, 525–527 (1959)
Kusunose, M., Nagai, S., Kusunose, E., Yamamura, Y.: Succinic dehydrogenase in the particulate fraction of Mycobacterium avium. J. Bact. 72, 754–761 (1956)
Levy, H. B., Sober, H. A.: A simple chromatographic method for preparation of γ-globulin. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 103, 250–252 (1960)
London, J., Kline, K.: Aldolase of lactic acid bacteria: A case history in the use of an enzyme as an evolutionary marker. Bact. Rev. 37, 453–473 (1973)
Lowry, H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. I., Randall, R. J.: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. biol. Chem. 193, 265–275 (1951)
McCord, J. M., Fridovich, I.: Superoxide dismutase: An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J. biol. Chem. 244, 6049–6055 (1969)
McCord, J. M., Keele, B. B., Jr., Fridovich, I.: An enzyme based theory of obligate anaerobiosis: The physiological role of superoxide dismutase. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 1024–1027 (1971)
Ouchterlony, O.: Diffusion in gel methods for immunological analysis. Progr. Allergy 5, 109 (1958)
Puget, K., Michelson, A. M.: Iron-containing superoxide dismutase from luminous bacteria. Biochimie 56, 1255–1267 (1974)
Tsukamura, M.: Adasonian classification of Mycobacteria. J. gen. Microbiol. 45, 253–273 (1966)
Tsukamura, M., Toyama, H., Mizuno, S.: Classification of Mycobacterium sp. “Jucho” and “Takeo” (in Japanese). Jap. J. Bact. 19, 469–471 (1964)
Vance, P. G., Keele, B. B., Jr., Rajagopalan, K. V.: Superoxide dismutase from Streptococcus mutans: Isolation and characterization of two forms of the enzyme. J. biol. Chem. 247, 4782–4786 (1972)
Weber, K., Osborn, M.: The reliability of molecular weight determined by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. biol. Chem. 244, 4406–4416 (1969)
Weisiger, R. A., Fridovich, I.: Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase: Site of synthesis and intramitochondrial localization. J. biol. Chem. 248, 4793–4796 (1973)
Yamamura, Y., Kusunose, M., Kusunose, E.: Lactic oxidase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis avium. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 39, 227–238 (1952)
Yamamura, Y., Kusunose, M., Kusonose, E.: The formation of succinate by Mycobacterium tuberculosis avium extracts. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 42, 785–792 (1955)
Yost, F. J., Jr., Fridovich, I.: An iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Escherichia coli. J. biol. Chem. 248, 4905–4908 (1973)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kusunose, M., Noda, Y., Ichihara, K. et al. Superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium species, strain Takeo. Arch. Microbiol. 108, 65–73 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425094
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00425094