Summary
To investigate the evolution of conifer species, we constructed a physical map of the chloroplast DNA of sugi, Cryptomeria japonica, with four restriction endonucleases, PstI, SalI, SacI and XhoI. The chloroplast genome of C. japonica was found to be a circular molecule with a total size of approximately 133 kb. This molecule lacked an inverted repeat. Twenty genes were localized on the physical map of C. japonica cpDNA by Southern hybridization. The chloroplast genome structure of C. japonica showed considerable rearrangements of the standard genome type found in vascular plants and differed markedly from that of tobacco. The difference was explicable by one deletion and five inversions. The chloroplast genome of C. japonica differed too from that of the genus Pinus which also lacks one of the inverted repeats. The results indicate that the conifer group originated monophyletically from an ancient lineage, and diverged independently after loss of an inverted repeat structure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali IF, Neale DB, Marshall KA (1991) Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in Sequoia sempervirens D. Don Endl., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.), and Pinus taeda L. Theor Appl Genet 81:83–89
Biruboim HC, Dolly J (1979) A rapid alkaline-extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 7:1513–1523
Doyle JA, Donoghue MJ (1986) Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: an experimental cladistic approach. Bot Rev 52:321–431
Hiratsuka J, Shimada H, Whittier R, Ishibashi T, Sakamoto M, Mori M, Kondo C, Honji Y, Sun C-R, Meng B-Y, Li Y-Q, Kanno A, Nishizawa Y, Hirai A, Shinozaki K, Sugiura M (1989) The complete sequence of rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of cereals. Mol Gen Genet 217:185–194
Howe CJ, Bowman CM, Dyer TA (1988) Common feature of three inversion in wheat chloroplast DNA. Curr Genet 13:343–349
Lidholm J, Gustafsson P (1991) The chloroplast genome of the gymnosperm Pinus contorta: a physical map and a complete collection of overlapping clones. Curr Genet 20:161–166
Lidholm J, Szmidt AE, Hallgren J-E, Gustafsson P (1988) The chloroplast genomes of conifers lack one of the rRNA-encoding inverted repeats. Mol Gen Genet 212:6–10
Neale DB, Sederoff RR (1989) Paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA and maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in loblolly pine. Theor Appl Genet 77:212–216
Neale DB, Wheeler NC, Allard RW (1986) Paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA in Douglas-fir. Can J For Res 16:1152–1154
Neale DB, Marshall KA, Sederoff RR (1989) Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA are paternally inherited in Sequoia sempervirens D. Don Endl. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:9347–9349
Ogihara Y, Tsunewaki K (1982) Molecular basis of the genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops. I. Diversity of chloroplast genome and its lineage revealed by the restriction pattern of ct-DNAs. Jpn J Genet 57:371–396
Ogihara Y, Tsunewaki K (1988) Diversity and evolution of chloroplast DNA in Triticum and Agilops as revealed by restriction fragment analysis. Theor Appl Genet 76:321–332
Ohyama K, Fukuzawa H, Koouchi T, Shirai H, Sano S, Umesono K, Shiki Y, Takeuchi M, Chang Z, Aota S, Inokuchi H, Ozeki H (1986) Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Nature 322:572–574
Palmer JD (1987) Chloroplast DNA evolution and biosystematic uses of chloroplast DNA variation. Am Nat Vol 130, pp S6-S29
Palmer JD, Stein DB (1986) Conservation of chloroplast genome structure among vascular plants. Curr Genet 10:823–833
Palmer JD, Thompson WF (1982) Chloroplast DNA rearrangements are more frequent when a large inverted repeat sequence is lost. Cell 29:537–550
Palmer JD, Osorio B, Aldrich J, Thompson WF (1987) Chloroplast DNA evolution among legumes: Loss of a large inverted repeat occurred prior to other sequence rearrangements. Curr Genet 11:275–286
Palmer JD, Jansen RK, Michaels HJ, Chase MW, Manhart JR (1988) Chloroplast DNA variation and plant phylogeny. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 75:1180–1206
Shinozaki K, Ohme M, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Zaita N, Chunwongse J, Deno H, Kamogashira T, Yamada K, Kusuda J, Takaiwa F, Kato A, Tohdoh N, Shimada H, Sugiura M (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J 5:2043–2049
Stine M, Sears BB, Keathley DE (1989) Inheritance of plastids in interspecific hybrids of blue spruce and white spruce. Theor Appl Genet 78:768–774
Strauss SH, Palmer JD, Howe GT, Doersken AH (1988) Chloroplast genomes of two conifers lack a large inverted repeat and are extensively rearranged. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3898–3902
Sugiura M, Shinozaki K, Zaita N, Kusuda M, Kumano M (1986) Clone bank of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chloroplast genome as a set of overlapping restriction endonuclease fragments: mapping of eleven ribosomal protein genes. Plant Sci 44:211–216
Szmidt AE, Alden T, Hallgren J-E (1987) Paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA in Larix. Plant Mol Biol 9:59–64
Tsudzuki J, Nakashima K, Tsudzuki T, Hiratsuka J, Shibata M, Wakasugi T, Sugiura M (1992) Chloroplast DNA of black pine retains a residual inverted repeat lacking rRNA genes: nucleotide sequences of trnQ, trnK, psbA, trnI and trnH and the absence of rps16. Mol Gen Genet 232:206–214
Tsumura Y, Uchida K, Ohba K (1989) Genetic control of isozyme variation in needle tissues of Cryptomeria japonica. J Hered 80:291–297
Uemura K (1981) Ancestor of sugi, Cryptomeria japonica, and transition of its distribution (in Japanese). The Heredity 35:74–79
Vogelstein B, Gillespie D (1979) Preparative and analytical purification of DNA from agarose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:615–619
Wagner DB, Furnier GR, Saghai-Maroof MA, Williams SM, Dancik BP, Allard RW (1987) Chloroplast DNA polymorphism in lodgepole and jack pines and their hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2097–2100
White EE (1990 a) Chloroplast DNA in Pinus monticola. 1. Physical map. Theor Appl Genet 79:119–124
White EE (1990 b) Chloroplast DNA in Pinus monticola. 2. Survey of within-species variability and detection of heteroplasmic individuals. Theor Appl Genet 79:251–255
Yasue M, Ogiyama K, Suto S, Tsukahara H, Miyahara F, Ohba K (1987) Geographical differentiation of natural Cryptomeria stands analyzed by diterpene hydrocarbon constituents of individual trees. J Jpn For Soc 69:152–159
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by P.M.A. Tigerstedt
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tsumura, Y., Ogihara, Y., Sasakuma, T. et al. Physical map of chloroplast DNA in sugi, Cryptomeria japonica . Theoret. Appl. Genetics 86, 166–172 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222075
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222075