Abstract
We cotransformed mouse 3T3 cells with total genomic human DNA and the dominant selectable bacterial gene Neoand analyzed 121 NeoR clones for expression of 15 human “housekeeping” enzymes which can be distinguished from their murine homologs. The estimated frequency of expression of unlinked human genes was 1 in 360 NeoR clones and at least three different human enzymes (peptidase D, phosphoglucomutase 1, and acid alpha glucosidase) were detected. We further examined the frequency and stability of cotransformation for one of these enzymes, acid alpha glucosidase (GAA). We tested approximately 4000 NeoR clones and found 25 clones expressing human GAA, as determined by rocket immuno-electrophoresis (RIE) specific for human GAA. Transformants progressively became negative on continued growth and retesting by RIE, with only two clones still expressing GAA at the eighth testing. This apparent loss of expression was not due to nonclonality of the original isolates. In one subclone examined, loss of expression was accompanied by loss of both Neo -derived pBR322 and human Alu repetitive sequence DNA. Thus, under the conditions utilized, cotransformants expressing homomeric housekeeping enzymes were found at relatively high frequency but were progressively lost even under conditions selective for expression of the dominant vector.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Graham, F.L., and Van der Eb, A.J. (1973).Virology 52:456–467.
Wigler, M., Silverstein, S., Lee, L.S., Pellicer, A., Cheng, Y., and Axel, R. (1979).Cell 11:223–232.
Pellicer, A., Wigler, M., Axel, R., and Silverstein, S. (1978).Cell 14:133–141.
Wigler, M., Pellicer, A., Silverstein, S., and Axel, R. (1978).Cell 14:725–731.
Graf, L.H., Urlaub, G., and Chasin, L. (1979).Somat. Cell Genet. 5:1031–1044.
Willecke, K., Klomfass, M., Mierau, R., and Dohmer, J. (1979).Mol. Gen. Genet. 170:179–185.
Wigler, M., Pellicer, A., Silverstein, S., Axel, R., Urlaub, G., and Chasin, L. (1979).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:1373–1376.
Pellicer, A., Robins, S.D., Wold, B., Sweet, R., Jackson, J., Lowy, I., Roberts, J.M., Sim, G.K., Silverstein, S., and Axel, R. (1980).Science 209:1414–1421.
Robins, D.M., Ripley, S., Henderson, A.S., and Axel, R. (1981).Cell 23:23–39.
Perucho, M., Hanahan, D., and Wigler, M. (1980).Cell 22:309–317.
Wigler, M., Sweet, R., Sim, G.K., Wold, B., Pellicer, A., Lacy, E., Maniatis, T., Silverstein, S., and Axel, R. (1979).Cell 16:777–780.
Wigler, M., Perucho, M., Kurtz, D., Dana, S., Pellicer, A., Axel, R., and Silverstein, S. (1980).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:3567–3570.
Colbere-Garapin, F., Horodniceanu, F., Kourilsky, P., and Garapin, A.C. (1981).J. Mol. Biol. 150:1–14.
Cannaani, D., and Berg, P. (1982).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:5166–5170.
Mulligan, R.C., and Berg, P. (1981).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:2072–2076.
Murray, M.J., Kaufman, R.J., Latt, S.A., and Weinberg, R.A. (1983).Mol. Cell Biol. 3:32–43.
Rubin, J.J., Joyner, A.L., Bernstein, A., and Whitmore, G.F. (1983).Nature 306:206–209.
Kuhn, L.C., McClelland, A., and Ruddle, F.H. (1984).Cell 37:95–103.
Kavathas, P., and Herzenberg, L.A. (1983).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:524–528.
Honig, J., Martiniuk, F., D'Eustachio, P., Zamfirescu, C., Desnick, R., Hirschhorn, K., Hirschhorn, L., and Hirschhorn, R. (1984).Ann. Hum. Genet. 48:49–56.
Martiniuk, F., Ellenbogen, A., Hirschhorn, K., and Hirschhorn, R. (1985).Hum. Genet. 69:109–111.
Harris, H., and Hopkinson, D.A. (1977).Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics. (Elsevier, New York).
Southern, E. (1975).J. Mol. Biol. 98:503–517.
Schmid, C.W., and Jelinek, W.R. (1982).Science 216:1065–1070.
Solomon, E., Swallow, D., Burgess, S., and Evans, L. (1981).Ann. Hum. Genet. 42:273–281.
Weil, D., Van Cong, N., Gross, M.S., and Frezal, J. (1979).J. Hum. Genet. 52:249–257.
Warrick, H., Hsiung, N., Shows, T., and Kucherlapati, R. (1980).J. Cell Biol. 86:341–346.
MacInnes, M.A., Bingham, J.M., Thompson, L.H., and Strniste, G.F. (1984).Mol. Cell Biol. 4:1152–1158.
Willecke, K., Klomfass, M., Rademacher, I., and Schafer, R. (1979).Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 25:216–217.
Clough, D.W., Kunkel, L.M., and Davidson, R.L. (1982).Science 216:70–73.
Christy, B., and Scangos, B. (1982).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:6299–6303.
Ostrander, M., Vogel, S., and Silverstein, S. (1982).Mol. Cell Biol. 2:708–714.
Davies, R.L., Fuhrer-Knusi, S., and Kucherlapati, R. (1982).Cell 31:521–529.
Roginski, R.S., Skoultchi, A.I., Henthorn, P., Smithies, O., Hsiung, N., and Kucherlapati, R. (1983).Cell 11:149–155.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martiniuk, F., Pellicer, A., Mehler, M. et al. Detection, frequency, and stability of cotransformants expressing nonselectable human enzymes. Somat Cell Mol Genet 12, 1–12 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01560722
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01560722