Abstract
Purpose. To examine the stability and systemic absorption of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in dogs during intravesical administration.
Methods. Nine dogs received an intravesical dose of ALA either with no prior treatment, after receiving ammonium chloride for urinary acidification, or after receiving sodium bicarbonate for urinary alkalinization. Urine and blood samples collected during and after administration were monitored for ALA using an HPLC assay developed in our laboratories. Concentrations of pyrazine 2,5-dipropionic acid, the major ALA degradation product, and radiolabeled inulin, a nonabsorbable marker for urine volume, were also determined.
Results. Less than 0.6% of intravesical ALA doses was absorbed into plasma. Urine concentrations decreased to 37% of the initial concentration during the 2 hour instillation. Decreases in urinary ALA and radiolabeled inulin concentrations were significantly correlated, indicating that urine dilution accounted for over 80% of observed decreases in urinary ALA. ALA conversion to pyrazine 2,5-dipropionic acid was negligible.
Conclusions. These studies demonstrate that ALA is stable and poorly absorbed into the systemic circulation during intravesical instillation. Future studies utilizing intravesical ALA for photodiagnosis of bladder cancer should include measures to restrict fluid intake as a means to limit dilution and maximize ALA concentrations during instillation.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
C. S. Loh, J. Bedwell, A. J. MacRobert, N. Krasner, D. Phillips, and S. G. Bown. Photodynamic therapy of the normal rat stomach: a comparative study between di-sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine and 5-aminolaevulinic acid. Br. J. Cancer 66:452–462 (1992).
J. Bedwell, A. J. MacRobert, D. Phillips, and S. G. Bown. Fluorescence distribution and photodynamic effect of ALA-induced PPIX in the DMH rat colonic tumour model. Br. J. Cancer 65:818–824 (1992).
C. S. Loh, D. I. Verndon, A. J. MacRobert, J. Bedwell, S. G. Bown, and S. B. Brown. Endogenous porphyrin distribution induced by 5-aminolaevulinic acid in the tissue layers of the gastrointestinal tract. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 20:47–54 (1993).
S. L. Marcus, R. S. Sobel, A. L. Golub, R. L. Carroll, S. Lundahl, and D. G. Shulman. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis using endogenous photosensitization induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA): Current clinical and development status. J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg. 14:59–66 (1996).
M. Kriegmair, A. Ehsan, R. Baumgartner, W. Lumper, R. Knuechel, F. Hofstadter, P. Steinbach, and A. Hofstetter. Fluorescence photodetection of neoplastic urothelial lesions following intravesical instillation of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Urology 44:836–841 (1994).
M. Kriegmair, R. Baumgartner, R. Knuchel, H. Stepp, F. Hofstadter, and A. Hofstetter. Detection of early bladder cancer by 5-aminolevulinic acid induced porphyrin fluorescence. J. Urol. 155:105–110 (1996).
I. Bossenmaier and R. Cardinal. Stability of ∂-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in urine under varying conditions. Clin. Chem. 14:610–614 (1968).
W. F. Vincent and W. W. Ullman The preservation of urine specimens for ∂-aminolevulinic acid determinations. Clin. Chem. 16:612–613 (1970).
M. Novo, G. Huttmann, and H. Diddens. Chemical instability of 5-aminolevulinic acid used in the fluorescence diagnosis of bladder tumours. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 34:143–149 (1996).
J. T. Dalton, J. L-S. Au, M. G. Wientjes, and R. A. Badalament. Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin c in patients undergoing intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer. Cancer Res. 51:5144–5152 (1991).
M. G. Wientjes, J. T. Dalton, R. A. Badalament, B. M. Dasani, J. R. Drago, and J. L-S. Au. A method to study drug concentration-depth profiles in tissues:mitomycin c in dog bladder wall. Pharm. Res. 8:168–173 (1991).
J. T. Dalton, M. C. Meyer, and A. L. Golub. Pharmacokinetics of aminolevulinic acid in dogs. 1. Oral and intravenous administration. Submitted (1998).
J. L-S. Au, J. T. Dalton, and M. G. Wientjes. Evidence of significant absorption of sodium salicylate from urinary bladder of rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 258:357–364 (1991).
W. F. Loeb and F. W. Quimby. The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals, Pergamon Press, New York, 1989.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dalton, J.T., Zhou, D., Mukherjee, A. et al. Pharmacokinetics of Aminolevulinic Acid After Intravesical Administration to Dogs. Pharm Res 16, 288–295 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018840827910
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018840827910